岩溶区集中式饮用水源地水质评价与保护——以毕节市倒天河水库和利民水库为例     

莫世江  刘勇  张鹏飞  丁卫红 《云南地理环境研究》2006,18(5):24-27

采用SPSS软件，对2003年01月至2004年12月期间，倒天河水库和利民水库逐月水质监测数据进行数理统计分析，结果表明毕节市饮用水水质污染有较明显的季节变化和空间差异；且不同污染物对水体污染的贡献率各不相同，总磷和粪大肠菌群所占份额最大，方差累积贡献率达77％。在此基础上，利用加权综合污染指数对水体水质污染现状进行综合评价，结果显示倒天河水库和利民水库，水质污染总体较轻．饮用水水质符合《地表水环境质量标准（GB3838—2002）》中Ⅲ类水质标准；最后提出加大水环境保护的建议。  相似文献   

20世纪末广东省三大城市大气环境质量综合评价——改进密切值法的扩展应用     

曹建荣  刘衍君 《云南地理环境研究》2006,18(5):34-37

大气环境质量综合评价是一个城市环境质量考核的重要指标，改进的密切值法是其中一种切实可行的评价方法。通过对1991-2000年10年间广东省三大城市——广州、深圳和珠海的大气环境质量进行综合评价，发现20世纪末，大气环境质量最好的是珠海市，最差的是广州市。与广东省平均水平相比、三大城市中。广州市污染程度高于全省平均水平。从空气环境质量的变化趋势来看，自1997年开始，三大城市大气环境质量趋于好转，为新世纪城市空气环境质量改善提供了良好的基础。  相似文献   

Spatial analysis of elements in soils from Chengdu City     

Shuyun XIE Zhengyu BAO Bing LI 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):7-8

Three kinds of spatial analysis methods （geostatistics, concentration-area fractal model and the multifractal analysis called the moment method） were used for almost 50 elements, including heavy metals, disperse elements, rare elements and even others, in 6586 top soil （0-20 cm） samples and 1833 deep soil （150-200 cm） samples from Chengdu metropolitan area of 12400 km^2, southwestern China. The ranges of spatial correlation revealed by variograms are quite different for different kinds of elements in the top and deep soils. The most interest is the fact that the multifractal spectra of environmentally important elements such as Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni in top soils in the metropolitan area show systematic change from those in the deep soils, revealing a strong anthropogenic addition, while Hg, Zn, As, Cu and all common elements show no such kind of addition. In terms of multifractal properties based on the multifractal spectrum curves, those disperse and rare elements show great deviation from other major and trace elements, which is also of great interest.  相似文献   

Environmental geohydrochemistry and health of the high altitude population in Ladakh     

Norboo Tsering 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):69-69

Background： Radiographic signs of Pneumoconiosis found in farming Ladakhi despite absences of mines and industries were believed to be due to exposure to frequent dust storms and domestic fire pollutions. Seasonal Koilonychia （spoon nail） occurring predominantly in farming women in absences of iron deficiency anaemia was thought to arise from exposure to water made alkaline by weathering of hornblende minerals. The relation of these health conditions to environmental geohydrochemistry is postulated as the source of irrigation water in the affected population originates from glaciers in trans-Himalaya range of sedimentary geology and steep landscape favouring flushing of silica/silicate containing silts. Methods and results： Survey in two central Ladakh villages revealed radiographic evidence of silicosis in all middle aged women and half in middle aged men. In a large-scale study of 3105 subjects aged over 30 years from three villages; 101 （22.5%） of the 449 radiographed showed signs of pneumoconiosis （ILO 1980 criteria） including eggshell calcification of hilar gland and progressive massive fibrosis. Indoor dust analyzed using Philips 400T electron microscope with energy dispersive analysis system attached showed SiO2 levels upto 53.27% with particle size of 0.5 to 5.0 microns and the concentration during cooking period in the worst affected area was 7.495 mg/m^3. Microscopy and histopathology from the subject was characteristic of pneumoconiosis. Analysis of the inorganic dust in the lung showed 40.2% muscovite, 37.3% quartz with the extracted dust wt 147.9 mg/gm of dry tissue. Prevalence of chronic cough with chronic phlegm and percentage of villagers with FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 65% rose with age. Of 70 subjects studied 19 women and 2 men had Koilonychia with incidence being highest in summer. Absence of seasonal Koilonychia in villages fed by water derived from northern mountain range glaciers with mainly igneous geology supports our hypothesis.  相似文献   

Study on the excretive ratio of Toluene Diisocyanate in mice feces     

Yubin JI Chenfeng JI Xiang ZOU Huixin LIU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):186-186

To detect the excretion ratio of Toluene Diisocyanate （TDI） in mice feces by HPLC. The chromatogram column is C18-ODS, the mobile phase is Acetonitrile -H2O （45 ： 55）, the flow rate is 1mL/min. The detection wavelength is 254 nm, and the quantity is determined by outer mark method. The linear relationship of concentrations of TDI was shown well in the range of 1.2 mol/L-5.2 mol/L, and the recovery ratio was 96.48%, precision degree within the day was under 2.9% and in the day it was under 3.37%. This method was simple, convenient and viable. And the result showed that the excretive ratio of TDI in mice feces was distinctly increased with the dosage given by p.o, which proved that feces were the chief mode of archetypal excretion of TDI given by p.o.  相似文献   

Modified column flotation of adsorbing iron hydroxide colloidal precipitates     

F. Capponi  M. SartoriM.L. Souza  J. Rubio 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2006

A promising technique for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater streams involved firstly the ions adsorption on a colloidal precipitate (carrier) and then the separation of the loaded flocs (coagula) by a modified column flotation. Here, the effluent feed and the carrier (ferric hydroxide) enter smoothly by the top of the column through a special diffuser, in counter current with rising bubbles (100–600 μm diameter) generated by using recycled water, surfactant and air suction through a venturi. High separation values of the column flotation of the carrier precipitates were achieved, despite the high superficial flow rate and the high Fe^+ 3 concentration utilized (> 60 mg L^− 1 Fe). No rupture of colloidal carrier aggregates was observed and a low split was ensured by monitoring the concentrate (floated product) flow rate. Results indicated that best separation was attained by controlling the medium pH (for best heavy metal ion adsorption onto the carrier), followed by sodium oleate, used as “collector” and optimizing operating parameters (conditioning, flow rates, etc.). The column throughput reached 43 m h^− 1 (m³ m^− 2 h^− 1), which is about 4 times the normal capacity of DAF-dissolved air flotation unit, the most used floater in wastewater treatment. Various metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, etc.) and molybdate ions present in synthetic and real effluent were successfully removed based on this colloidal adsorbing flotation principle. The process was also applied in a pilot scale to treat an industrial electroplating wastewater. Most of toxic metals (Cu, Ni and Zn) were reduced from initial concentrations of about of 2 to 10 mg L^− 1, to below 0.5 to 1.0 mg L^− 1, meeting local municipal discharge limits (but Cd ions). It is believed that flotation separation using medium-sized bubbles has great potential as a clean water and wastewater treatment technology.  相似文献   

国内外旅游解说研究进展综述   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

钟永德  罗芬 《世界地理研究》2006,15(4):87-93

本文对国外旅游解说系统研究从旅游解说的起源、原理、内涵、框架、功能、受众类型、解说方式、解说规划等方面进行了全面的总结,综合了国内旅游研究的研究现状与趋势。寻找出国内解说研究与国外解说研究的差距,借此推动国内的旅游解说系统研究,从而更好地为旅游规划、旅游业的可持续发展和游客管理服务。  相似文献   

Microwave-assisted extraction of organochlorine pesticides from sediments and determination by gas chromatograph with electron capture detection     

Rama Mohan Kurakalva Narasimha Murthy Nyasavajhala Phani Homeshwari Mamidi Venkata Anjaiah Kanukuntla 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):202-203

A simple and rapid procedure to extract organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） from sediments by means of microwave energy is proposed. Sediment samples were irradiated with microwaves in a closed vessel system while immersed in hexane-acetone （1 ： 1, v/v）. The sample extracts were cleaned up using solid phase extraction with Florisil as adsorbent. Pesticides were eluted with hexane-ethyl acetate （80 ： 20, v/v） and determined by gas chromatographic separation with electron capture detection. Three oven programs were assayed with two different solvent mixtures in order to achieve adequate experimental conditions for the complete extraction of organochlorine pesticides from the matrix. Different variables such as the composition of extraction solvent,  相似文献   

T -distributed Random Fields: A Parametric Model for Heavy-tailedWell-log Data1     

Jo R?islien  Henning Omre 《Mathematical Geology》2006,38(7):821-849

Histograms of observations from spatial phenomena are often found to be more heavy-tailed than Gaussian distributions, which makes the Gaussian random field model unsuited. A T-distributed random field model with heavy-tailed marginal probability density functions is defined. The model is a generalization of the familiar Student-T distribution, and it may be given a Bayesian interpretation. The increased variability appears cross-realizations, contrary to in-realizations, since all realizations are Gaussian-like with varying variance between realizations. The T-distributed random field model is analytically tractable and the conditional model is developed, which provides algorithms for conditional simulation and prediction, so-called T-kriging. The model compares favourably with most previously defined random field models. The Gaussian random field model appears as a special, limiting case of the T-distributed random field model. The model is particularly useful whenever multiple, sparsely sampled realizations of the random field are available, and is clearly favourable to the Gaussian model in this case. The properties of the T-distributed random field model is demonstrated on well log observations from the Gullfaks field in the North Sea. The predictions correspond to traditional kriging predictions, while the associated prediction variances are more representative, as they are layer specific and include uncertainty caused by using variance estimates.  相似文献   

南极菌Pseudoalteromonas sp．S-15-13产胞外多糖的研究及其分子鉴定   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李江  陈靠山  林学政  李光友 《极地研究》2006,17(2):130-135

本文对影响南极细菌S-15-13生长和胞外多糖产量的主要环境因子进行了研究,同时采用16S rDNA序列分析及系统发育分析方法对其进行了分子鉴定。结果表明：菌株S-15-13最佳产糖条件为：培养时间,56h；培养温度,8℃；碳源,1．0%葡萄糖；NaCl浓度,3．0%；pH,6．0-7．0。16S rDNA序列分析和系统发育分析表明,菌株S-15-13属于假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoaltero- monas)。  相似文献