Diplophos rebainsi Krefft & Parin, 1972, an addition to the mesopelagic fish fauna of New Zealand (note)     

D. A. Robertson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):411-415

Plankton samples taken in the south‐western Pacific Ocean and the Tasman Sea have provided, for the first time in these waters, a series of individuals of the gonostomatid Diplophos rebainsi. Observations are presented on some of the prejuvenile and adult features and on the seasonal distribution of prejuveniles off New Zealand.  相似文献   

Spatial variation in shallow sediment methane sources and cycling on the Alaskan Beaufort Sea Shelf/Slope     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2013

The MITAS (Methane in the Arctic Shelf/Slope) expedition was conducted during September, 2009 onboard the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter (USCGC) Polar Sea (WAGB-11), on the Alaskan Shelf/Slope of the Beaufort Sea. Expedition goals were to investigate spatial variations in methane source(s), vertical methane flux in shallow sediments (<10 mbsf), and methane contributions to shallow sediment carbon cycling. Three nearshore to offshore transects were conducted across the slope at locations approximately 200 km apart in water column depths from 20 to 2100 m. Shallow sediments were collected by piston cores and vibracores and samples were analyzed for sediment headspace methane (CH₄), porewater sulfate (SO₄²⁻), chloride (Cl⁻), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations, and CH₄ and DIC stable carbon isotope ratios (δ¹³C). Downward SO₄²⁻ diffusion rates estimated from sediment porewater SO₄²⁻ profiles were between −15.4 and −154.8 mmol m⁻² a⁻¹ and imply a large spatial variation in vertical CH₄ flux between transects in the study region. Lowest inferred CH₄ fluxes were estimated along the easternmost transect. Higher inferred CH₄ flux rates were observed in the western transects. Sediment headspace ${\mathrm{\delta }}^{13}{\text{C}}_{{\text{CH}}_4}$ values ranged from −138 to −48‰, suggesting strong differences in shallow sediment CH₄ cycling within and among sample locations. Measured porewater DIC concentrations ranged from 2.53 mM to 79.39 mM with δ¹³C_DIC values ranging from −36.4‰ to 5.1‰. Higher down-core DIC concentrations were observed to occur with lower δ¹³C where an increase in ${\mathrm{\delta }}^{13}{\text{C}}_{{\text{CH}}_4}$ was measured, indicating locations with active anaerobic oxidation of methane. Shallow core CH₄ production was inferred at the two western most transects (i.e. Thetis Island and Halkett) through observations of low ${\mathrm{\delta }}^{13}{\text{C}}_{{\text{CH}}_4}$ coupled with elevated DIC concentrations. At the easternmost Hammerhead transect and offshore locations, ${\mathrm{\delta }}^{13}{\text{C}}_{{\text{CH}}_4}$ and DIC concentrations were not coupled suggesting less rapid methane cycling. Results from the MITAS expedition represent one of the most comprehensive studies of methane source(s) and vertical methane flux in shallow sediments of the U.S. Alaskan Beaufort Shelf to date and show geospatially variable sediment methane flux that is highly influenced by the local geophysical environment.  相似文献   

Seasonal and Monthly Variation of Vertical Structure of Temperature,Salinity and Heat Flux of the Bay of Bengal     

Bishnu Kumar  Sourav Sil  P. C. Pandey  Arun Chakraborty 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1):76-99

Seasonal and monthly variations of heat flux have been investigated in this study using the Modular Ocean Model of version 3 (MOM 3) simulations and 52 years Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) products. These variations of the heat flux in different boxes of the Bay of Bengal (BOB) in different depths show the different behavior of the boxes. It is seen that the model and SODA results are comparable. The basin shows north-south variation in the surface from winter to spring whereas there is east-west variation in the mixed layer throughout the year except winter. The remote effect caused by warm water penetration from Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Malacca and coastal Kelvin waves keeps the basin warm most of the year. This article addresses the mechanisms of the seasonal variation of the vertical structure of the temperature and heat flux components.  相似文献   

海岸沙坝近底悬移质通量实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴国强  邹志利  张海飞 《海洋工程》2013,31(1):1-8

为了研究海岸沙坝的产生和演化机理,对不规则波和波群作用下沙坝上方的近底悬移质通量进行了实验研究。分析了短波、长波和平均水流对悬移质通量的影响。结果表明:各种波况下平均水流和长波的作用始终使泥沙向离岸方向输移,而短波的作用使泥沙向岸方向运动;平均水流引起的泥沙输移始终占主要成分,长波的次之。不规则波情况下平均水流的影响较规则波的情况相对较弱,三种成分对泥沙输运的贡献属于同一量级。波群情况下长波的影响随着波浪群性的增强而加大,短波的不明显,而平均水流的影响则随着波浪群性的增强而减弱。  相似文献   

松嫩平原典型黑土分布区土壤呼吸研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘国栋  杨柯  崔玉军  李瑛 《地学前缘》2011,18(6):101-106

在松嫩平原典型黑土分布区,选择耕地、休耕地、自然荒地3种土地利用方式进行土壤CO₂呼吸研究。采用壕沟隔断法,探讨了植物根系呼吸在不同土地利用方式下的差异,采用温度敏感系数Q10分析了不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸对温度的敏感性。结果表明: 土壤呼吸受多方面因素影响,包括土壤温度、湿度、植被类型、农业生产活动等。土壤呼吸日变化过程中,温度是影响土壤呼吸速率的决定性因素。在夏季植物根系呼吸所占的比例最大,超过了50％,春秋两季根系呼吸所占的比例相对较少。受植物种类及植物根系呼吸在土壤呼吸中所占比例大小的影响,在3种不同的土地利用方式下根系自养呼吸所占的比例大小顺序依次为荒地>休耕地>耕地。有根系的土壤呼吸对土壤温度升高的反应要敏感些。  相似文献   

中国东部夏季降水年际变化与同期东海潜热通量的关系     

李翠华  蔡榕硕  谭红建 《海洋学研究》2013,31(1):26-34

利用1985~2008年OAflux3、NCEP＼NCAR再分析资料与中国大陆东部108个站点的降水资料,应用回归和合成方法,分析了中国东部夏季降水的年际变化与同期东海及邻近海域潜热通量变异的关系。结果表明:东海及邻近海域(以下称东海)夏季潜热通量年际变化显著的区域位于东海区域,为与同期中国东部降水密切相关的关键区域。当东海的潜热通量偏高(低)时,中国东部长江以南地区上空盛行偏东北(西南)风异常,这将不(有)利于水汽由南向北的输送,从而可能使到达长江中下游流域及以北地区的水汽偏少(多);并且,长江中、下游流域为下沉(上升)气流和低层水汽辐散(辐合)正异常,对应降水偏少(偏多);华南地区为上升(下沉)气流和低层水汽辐合(辐散)正异常,对应降水偏多(偏少)。分析结果还表明,东海的潜热通量可通过影响东亚大气环流而成为引起中国东部夏季汛期降水年际异常的重要原因之一。  相似文献   

寒区典型下垫面冻土水热过程对比研究(Ⅰ)：模型对比     

阳勇  陈仁升  叶柏生  宋耀选  刘俊峰  韩春坛  刘章文 《冰川冻土》2013,35(6):1545-1554

冻土水热传输和水热耦合过程是寒区水循环的核心环节和重要组成部分,土壤温度和湿度(含水量)的观测和模拟是冻土水热过程分析的基础. 以中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所黑河上游生态-水文试验研究站葫芦沟试验小流域为依托,选取季节冻土区的高寒草原、高寒草甸和多年冻土区的沼泽化草甸、高山寒漠等4种典型寒区下垫面,分别布设自动气象站,并调查相关土壤和植被参数,利用SHAW和CoupModel模型对试验点的土壤水热条件进行模拟计算.结果表明：4个试验点多层土壤含水量和地温SHAW模型计算值与实测值对比平均相关系数R²分别为0.65和0.90;CoupModel模型计算值与实测值对比平均R²为0.72和0.93. 总体上,地温的模型估算结果略好于含水量;相对于SHAW模型,CoupModel模型是更适合寒区各种下垫面的一维SVATs模型.  相似文献   

南亚高压强度的年代际变化及可能原因分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

杨光  李崇银  谭言科 《热带气象学报》2013,29(4):529-539

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和NOAA ERSST海温资料,对夏季南亚高压的年代际变化特征及其可能机制进行了分析。结果表明,南亚高压由弱到强的年代际转折发生在1970年代末,或者说南亚高压强度在1978年前后发生了年代际突变。对南亚高压偏弱和偏强两个阶段的对比分析表明,大气环流(包括风场、温度场和垂直运动场等)的异常形势和特征显著不同,几乎是相反的。夏季地表潜热通量异常的分析说明,夏季高原(特别是高原西北部)的地表热通量异常对南亚高压强度的年代际变化有重要影响;相对而言,地表感热通量异常可能对南亚高压强度的年代际变化起更重要作用。夏季热带印度洋海温的全区一致型模态在1970年代末也发生了明显的年代际变化,与南亚高压强度的年代际异常有很好的一致性,表明夏季热带印度洋海温一致型模态异常对南亚高压年代际变化有影响。   相似文献   

真空预压加固区硬壳层的水分运移解析解   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴跃东  石晓燕  刘坚  刁红国 《岩土力学》2013,34(Z2):110-114

本文根据非饱和土体的渗流理论,建立水分运移模型,研究真空预压在稳态下的水分运移机制,给出了孔隙水压力分布的控制方程及其解析解。根据工程实测数据验证解析解的结果,并对不同参数进行分析。结果表明：稳态下真空预压水分运移模型计算的结果和现场实测数据基本吻合。扩散通量Q和降饱和系数?对上层非饱和区域的形成位置、强度及厚度的影响较大。扩散通量Q越大,土体表层的基质吸力越大,孔隙水压力变化趋势就越大;降饱和系数?在0.3~1.0 kPa-1内对非饱和土体部分基本没有影响。  相似文献   

Distribution of the tropical Pacific surface zonal wind anomaly and its relation with two types of El Ni(n)o     

WANG Yang  CHEN Jinnian  WANG Hongna 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(5)

  相似文献