黔北一次下击暴流事件成因及雷达回波特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

李霞  张云秋  刘红双  唐海  杨熠 《中低纬山地气象》2023,47(4):39-45

利用地面自动站资料、探空资料、多普勒雷达观测资料以及ERA5逐时再分析资料对2021年5月15日发生在黔北的一次下击暴流事件成因及雷达回波特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）本次过程发生在500hPa槽前、西南低涡南侧、中低空急流北侧和地面锋前热低压内的大范围上升区内,地面辐合线是重要的触发机制。（2）大气为上干下湿不稳定状态,中等到强的垂直风切变维持,环境温度垂直递减率较大,低层有冷空气入侵,下沉气流接地时与周围大气形成10℃以上的温差,导致气流强烈辐散最终产生大风。（3）过程由多单体风暴引发,具有弓形回波、三体散射长钉、回波悬垂等结构特征,回波核强度在65dBz以上,大风出现时强回波核迅速降落。（4）大风发生前,风暴前侧有一支由前向后的斜升气流与后侧入流气流形成中层径向辐合（MARC）,大风出现时,低层有小尺度辐散区域,随后辐散尺度扩大,风速切变减小,大风强度减弱。  相似文献   

黄河源区高寒草地-大气间水热交换通量特征          下载免费PDF全文

罗琪  张廷龙  李振朝  李照国 《气象与减灾研究》2022,45(3):207-215

利用黄河源区玛曲观测站2016年涡动相关系统和微气象梯度塔观测资料,分析了高寒草地 大气间水热交换通量的特征。结果表明：夜间地表各通量值很小,净辐射和感热通量为负值,潜热通量的值较小但始终为正。日出后随着太阳辐射和地表加热作用各通量迅速增大,在14时左右达到峰值。暖季（6—8月）夜间感热通量占净辐射的比例(H/Rn)高于感潜通量占净辐射的比例(LE/Rn),日出后LE/Rn开始升高而H/Rn减小,日间LE/Rn大于H/Rn。冷季（12月—次年2月）H/Rn始终大于LE/Rn,感热通量在冷季的能量分配中占据主导地位。暖季LE/Rn、H/Rn均随土壤温度升高而升高。冷季H/Rn与5 cm深度土壤温度表现出了更为明显的二次关系,随着温度升高先降低后升高,当温度小于-7 ℃时H/Rn降低,大于-6 ℃时H/Rn增大。暖季H/Rn随着土壤湿度增大先降低后升高,LE/Rn先升高后降低。在0—1.5 kPa,暖季饱和水汽压差与LE/Rn、H/Rn均呈线性关系,并随着饱和水汽压差增大,LE/Rn增大而H/Rn减小;1.5 kPa之后,LE/Rn、H/Rn变化特征均保持其原有趋势。  相似文献   

An empirical model of subcritical bedform migration     

Chan‐Yi Martin Lin  Jeremy G. Venditti 《Sedimentology》2013,60(7):1786-1799

The ability to predict bedform migration in rivers is critical for estimating bed material load, yet there is no relation for predicting bedform migration (downstream translation) that covers the full range of conditions under which subcritical bedforms develop. Here, the relation between bedform migration rates and transport stage is explored using a field and several flume data sets. Transport stage is defined as the non‐dimensional Shields stress divided by its value at the threshold for sediment entrainment. Statistically significant positive correlations between both ripple and dune migration rates and transport stage are found. Stratification of the data by the flow depth to grain‐size ratio improved the amount of variability in migration rates that was explained by transport stage to ca 70%. As transport stage increases for a given depth to grain‐size ratio, migration rates increase. For a given transport stage, the migration rate increases as the flow depth to grain‐size ratio gets smaller. In coarser sediment, bedforms move faster than in finer sediment at the same transport stage. Normalization of dune migration rates by the settling velocity of bed sediment partially collapses the data. Given the large amount of variability that arises from combining data sets from different sources, using different equipment, the partial collapse is remarkable and warrants further testing in the laboratory and field.  相似文献   

Plate-driven extension and convergence along the East Gondwana active margin: Late Silurian–Middle Devonian tectonics of the Lachlan Fold Belt,southeastern Australia     

C. L. Fergusson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):627-649

The Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia developed along the Panthalassan margin of East Gondwana. Major silicic igneous activity and active tectonics with extensional, strike-slip and contractional deformation have been related to a continental backarc setting with a convergent margin to the east. In the Early Silurian (Benambran Orogeny), tectonic development was controlled by one or more subduction zones involved in collision and accretion of the Ordovician Macquarie Arc. Thermal instability in the Late Silurian to Middle Devonian interval was promoted by the presence of one or more shallow subducted slabs in the upper mantle and resulted in widespread silicic igneous activity. Extension dominated the Late Silurian in New South Wales and parts of eastern Victoria and led to formation of several sedimentary basins. Alternating episodes of contraction and extension, along with dispersed strike-slip faulting particularly in eastern Victoria, occurred in the Early Devonian culminating in the Middle Devonian contractional Tabberabberan Orogeny. Contractional deformation in modern systems, such as the central Andes, is driven by advance of the overriding plate, with highest strain developed at locations distant from plate edges. In the Ordovician to Early Devonian, it is inferred that East Gondwana was advancing towards Panthalassa. Extensional activity in the Lachlan backarc, although minor in comparison with backarc basins in the western Pacific Ocean, was driven by limited but continuous rollback of the subduction hinge. Alternation of contraction and extension reflects the delicate balance between plate motions with rollback being overtaken by advance of the upper plate intermittently in the Early to Middle Devonian resulting in contractional deformation in an otherwise dominantly extensional regime. A modern system that shows comparable behaviour is East Asia where rollback is considered responsible for widespread sedimentary basin development and basin inversion reflects advance of blocks driven by compression related to the Indian collision.  相似文献   

Evidence for Early Miocene wrench faulting in the Marlborough Fault System,New Zealand: structural implications     

Jean-Christophe Audru  Jean Delteil 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(5):233-247

Abstract

In New Zealand, the Marlborough strike-slip faults link the Hikurangi subduction zone to the Alpine fault collision zone. Stratigraphic and structural analysis in the Marlborough region constrain the inception of the current strike-slip tectonics.

Six major Neogene basins are investigated. Their infill is composed of marine and freshwater sediments up to 3 km thick; they are characterised by coarse facies derived from the basins bounding relief, high sedimentation rates and asymmetric geometries. Proposed factors that controlled the basins generation are the initial geometry of the strike-slip faults and the progressive strike-slip motion. Two groups of basins are presented: the early Miocene (23 My) basins were generated under wrench tectonics above releasing-jogs between basement faults. The late Miocene (11 My) basins were initiated by halfgrabens tilted along straighter faults during a transtensive stage. Development of faults during Cretaceous to Oligocene times facilitated the following propagation of wrench tectonics. The Pliocene (5 My) to current increasing convergence has shortened the basins and distorted the Miocene array of faults. This study indicates that the Marlborough Fault System is an old feature that connected part of the Hikurangi margin to the Alpine fault since the subduction and collision initiation. © Elsevier, Paris  相似文献   

“云娜”台风影响的商城特大暴雨过程分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱文洁王志强  孙永霞冯庆合  朱艳红易亮 《河南气象》2006,(1):25-26

利用常规资料、天气图、物理量诊断分析等资料,对“云娜”登陆后的特征及其对商城造成特大暴雨的天气过程进行了分析,结果表明:强大深厚的台风低压是主要影响系统;华北地区弱冷空气侵入台风倒槽是主要原因;地形对降水起增幅作用;水汽通量和垂直速度中心与特大暴雨落区一致,对特大暴雨具有指示意义。  相似文献   

平顶山矿区原生结构煤和构造煤孔渗实验对比          下载免费PDF全文

郭德勇  李春娇  张友谊 《地球科学》2014,39(11):1500-1506

为了研究构造煤孔渗变化特性, 利用平顶山矿区原生结构煤和构造煤, 进行了不同围压、温度、湿度和煤体结构类型等条件下孔隙度及渗透率的实验测定, 对煤层孔渗特性在不同条件下的变化趋势进行了分析.结果表明: 围压、温度、湿度和煤体结构类型4种因素对煤的孔隙度和渗透率均有较大影响, 当温度和围压同时作用时, 围压的作用效果大于温度的作用效果.并用Origin软件对部分实验数据进行了数据拟合, 得出原生结构煤和构造煤的渗透率-孔隙度函数关系.   相似文献   

长江三角洲典型稻作区近地层二氧化碳等湍流通量的观测研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

陆龙骅  程彦杰  卞林根  逯昌贵  丁国安 《地球物理学报》2003,46(6):751-759

利用1999年和2000年长江三角洲近地层大气与农田生态系统综合观测试验资料，对常熟地区水稻插秧、拔节、抽穗等不同生长期近地层二氧化碳和感热、潜热、动量等湍流通量特征及变化规律进行了初步研究. 研究结果表明, 平均而言在水稻各生长期，近地面为二氧化碳的汇，白天水稻通过光合作用吸收二氧化碳、夜间则放出二氧化碳，抽穗期消耗的二氧化碳要多于拔节和插秧期；近地面为大气的热源，主要以潜热方式加热大气，尤其是在抽穗期，感热与潜热之比仅为0.058；二氧化碳等湍流通量的变化与辐射平衡各分量及气象要素有显著关系.  相似文献   

融合地形和土壤特征的流域蓄水容量模型     

向小华  宋琪峰  陈喜  吴晓玲  王船海 《水科学进展》2013,24(5):651-657

以van Genuchten模型表述的土壤水分特征曲线为基础,推导出流域单点缺水量,并结合TOPMODEL模型中地形指数与地下水位关系,建立了反映地形和土壤特征共同影响的蓄水容量模型,通过统计方法从栅格尺度蓄水容量获得流域尺度蓄水容量曲线,取代传统新安江模型中率定的蓄水容量曲线。以淮河流域紫罗山子流域为例,分析地形特征与土壤类型对蓄水容量的影响;并与实测流量过程以及原新安江模型模拟的流量过程对比,表明模型能较好地模拟场次洪水过程。模型将蓄水容量曲线显式表述,减少了新安江模型参数,为无资料地区的水文模拟提供了分析方法。  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地土壤水分动态分析及其概率密度函数模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

姚淑霞  张铜会  赵传成 《水科学进展》2013,24(1):62-72

基于Laio土壤水分动态随机模型(Laio模型),利用2006-2010年5~9月土壤水分连续监测数据及日降水资料,分析科尔沁沙地固定沙丘和沙质草地生长季根系层土壤水分动态及其与降水格局的关系,研究点尺度土壤水分概率密度函数,并对Laio模型涉及的13个参数进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:① 研究区年降水的季节分配极不均匀,主要集中在4~10月的生长季,占全年降水量的93%;0~5 mm降水事件占全年降水事件的73%,但其降水量只占全年降水量的25%;降水间隔期以0~10 d为主,占全年无降水期的38%,其频数最高,占全年间隔期频数的87%。② 固定沙丘和沙质草地根系层厚度分别为0~100 cm和0~70 cm,沙质草地根系层土壤水分显著高于固定沙丘;两类沙地7月份的土壤水分都显著高于生长季其他月份。③ 两类沙地生长季根系层土壤水分均服从正态分布;通过Laio模型得到了两类沙地生长季根系层土壤水分概率密度函数p(s),其峰值及峰值出现的位置和峰的阔度均与观测结果很接近,说明Laio模型能对科尔沁沙地土壤水分概率密度函数进行较好的模拟。④ Laio模型涉及的13个参数中,对p(s)最为敏感的参数是降水频率λ、平均降水量α、最大蒸散量E_max、水分胁迫点s*和凋萎系数s_w,主要影响p(s)曲线的峰值。  相似文献