DISCUSSION ON THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE 2016 MENYUAN M6.4 EARTHQUAKE IN MENYUAN,QINGHAI          下载免费PDF全文

LEI Dong-ning  LIU Jie  LIU Zhu-mei  HE Yu-lin  QIAO Yue-qiang 《地震地质》2018,40(1):107-120

On January 21, 2016, a M6.4 earthquake occurred in Menyuan county, Qinghai Province. Its epicenter is located in the Qilian-Hexi Zoulang tectonic zone, which records several moderate-large historical earthquakes. Previous studies on this event are based on geology, remote sensing data and focal mechanism solutions, lacking analysis on its seismogenic structure. In order to study seismogenic fault plane and seismoteconic style of the earthquake, this work uses data of seismic intensity, aftershocks, and geology to address this issue. Furthermore, we calculate Coulomb stress changes imposed by the 1927 Gulang M8 and 1986 Menyuan M6.4 earthquake on the fault plane of the 2016 Menyuan M6.4 earthquake. The results indicate the early two events have posed distinct impacts on two nodal planes:loading or triggering on nodal plane Ⅰ, and unloading or delay on Ⅱ. In some cases such triggering stress is approaching or up to the threshold value of 0.01 MPa. Combining isoseismals, aftershock distribution, geological structure and different Coulomb stress changes aforementioned, the nodal plane Ⅱ of the source model is considered the seismogenic feature. In conjunction with geophysical data, we establish the seismogenic model of the Menyuan earthquake, which is a positive flower structure in a profile, gentle in the upper and steep in the lower, characterized by thrusting in a strike slipping fault system. This is a possible model for thrusting earthquakes generated by strike-slip faults in a compressional tectonic regime.  相似文献   

地震精密水准网平差的一种高效算法研究     

朱文武  秦昆  刘金钊  郑智江  高艳龙 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(7):695-697

传统的地震水准网平差计算方法因需要进行大量的“零乘积”运算而致使运算效率低下，不适用于数据量较大的地震水准网计算工作。针对地震水准网平差计算过程中法方程系数具有对称正定的特性，利用变量循环重新编号法进一步提升运算效率。利用新算法进行数据平差计算，对比验证结果表明，与传统算法相比，地震精密水准网型越复杂，新算法节省的时间越多。  相似文献   

基于物理模型的起伏地表构造成像叠加速度分析研究     

张明  薛诗桂 《地球物理学进展》2013,28(3)

在起伏地表构造条件下,共中心点反射已不复存在,其波场特征较为复杂,速度分析时受浅层动校畸变影响较大,加上其他干扰因素,利用常规处理手段已很难得到较为准确的近地表构造和起伏地表浅层的叠加速度.为此,设计了两个物理模型,利用地震物理模拟实验数据采集系统对模型进行了数据采集.在采集到的地震物理模拟数据的资料处理过程中,对单炮记录进行向上延拓,然后再进行速度分析,并在动校正后多次调整叠加速度来得到视叠加速度,从而避免了浅层动校畸变大的影响.物理模型的模拟实验及处理结果表明,向上延拓是解决近地表构造和起伏地表浅层叠加速度的有效手段,通过向上延拓处理可以得到较为准确的近地表构造的视叠加速度,利用这样的叠加速度成像,可以得到近地表构造和起伏地表浅层构造较为真实有效的信息.  相似文献   

Predicting potential distributions of geographic events using one-class data: concepts and methods     

Q. Guo  W. Li  Y. Liu  D. Tong 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(10):1697-1715

One common problem with geographic data is that, for a specific geographic event, only occurrence information is available; information about the absence of the event is not available. We refer to these specific types of geospatial data as geographic one-class data (GOCD). Predicting the potential spatial distributions that a particular geographic event may occur from GOCD is difficult because traditional binary classification methods that require availability of both positive and negative training samples cannot be used. The objective of this research is to define GOCD and propose novel approaches for modelling potential spatial distributions of geographic events using GOCD. We investigate the effectiveness of one-class support vector machine (OCSVM), maximum entropy (MAXENT) and the newly proposed positive and unlabelled learning (PUL) algorithm for solving GOCD problems using a case study: species distribution modelling from synthetic data. Our experimental results indicate that generally OCSVM, MAXENT and PUL are effective in modelling the GOCD. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, but PUL seems to be the most promising method.  相似文献   

Coupling the WRF model with a temperature index model based on remote sensing for snowmelt simulations in a river basin in the Altay Mountains,north‐west China          下载免费PDF全文

Xuejiao Wu  Yongping Shen  Ninglian Wang  Xiaoduo Pan  Wei Zhang  Jianqiao He  Guoya Wang 《水文研究》2016,30(21):3967-3977

Snowmelt water is an important freshwater resource in the Altay Mountains in north‐west China; however, warming climate and rapid spring snowmelt can cause floods that endanger both public and personal property and safety. This study simulates snowmelt in the Kayiertesi River catchment using a temperature index model based on remote sensing coupled with high‐resolution meteorological data obtained from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis fields that were downscaled using the Weather Research Forecasting model and then bias corrected using a statistical downscaled model. Validation of the forcing data revealed that the high‐resolution meteorological fields derived from the downscaled NCEP reanalysis were reliable for driving the snowmelt model. Parameters of the temperature index model based on remote sensing were calibrated for spring 2014, and model performance was validated using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer snow cover and snow observations from spring 2012. The results show that the temperature index model based on remote sensing performed well, with a simulation mean relative error of 6.7% and a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.98 in spring 2012 in the river of Altay Mountains. Based on the reliable distributed snow water equivalent simulation, daily snowmelt run‐off was calculated for spring 2012 in the basin. In the study catchment, spring snowmelt run‐off accounts for 72% of spring run‐off and 21% of annual run‐off. Snowmelt is the main source of run‐off for the catchment and should be managed and utilized effectively. The results provide a basis for snowmelt run‐off predictions, so as to prevent snowmelt‐induced floods, and also provide a generalizable approach that can be applied to other remote locations where high‐density, long‐term observational data are lacking. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

闪电先导随机模式的建立与应用   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

任晓毓  张义军  吕伟涛  陶善昌 《应用气象学报》2011,22(2):194-202

根据地闪先导发展特征,建立了一个闪电先导的二维随机模式,并模拟研究了下行先导与避雷针或地面的连接过程。模拟得到下行先导感应电荷的数量级为10-4 C/m;下行先导出现明显的分叉,且先导接近地面时分叉逐渐增多;模拟的连接过程形态呈现多样性的特点;建筑物上的避雷针在绝大多数情况下可以有效拦截闪电下行先导,但避雷针正上方的下行先导并不是百分之百击中避雷针,远离避雷针的下行先导仍有很大概率被避雷针拦截;在下行先导与避雷针水平距离一定的条件下,建筑物越宽越矮,避雷针有效拦截闪电先导的概率就越小。  相似文献   

Analysis of the thickness of a fresh water lens and of the transition zone between this lens and upwelling saline water     

S. Eeman  A. LeijnseP.A.C. Raats  S.E.A.T.M. van der Zee 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(2):291-302

In regions with saline groundwater, fresh water lenses may develop due to rainwater infiltration. The amount of fresh water that is available for e.g. agricultural crops depends on the thickness of the lens and the extent of mixing between fresh and saline water. In this paper, we consider the mixing of fresh water and upward moving saline ground water in low-lying deltaic areas. The parameters that dominate the flow and transport problem are investigated using dimensionless groups and scaled sensitivities. We characterize the numerically simulated thicknesses of the lens and of the mixing zone by spatial moments. Rayleigh number and mass flux ratio, which is the ratio of the salt water seepage and the precipitation, determine the thickness of the fresh water lens. The local thickness of the mixing zone is mainly influenced by the dispersive/diffusive groups and the mass flux ratio. In addition, convergence of streamlines towards an outflow boundary affects the thickness, particularly in the vicinity of this boundary.Analytical and numerical steady state solutions for lens thickness are compared, taking into account upward seepage, for the two cases with and without a density difference between lens and underlying groundwater. Agreement between the numerical and analytical solutions for the lens thickness is good except when the mass flux ratio becomes small. For zero mass flux ratio, it is implicitly assumed in the analytical solution that salt water is stagnant, and that is unrealistic. Relative contributions of longitudinal and transversal hydrodynamic dispersion and diffusion to the thickness of the mixing zone are quantified numerically for different phases of lens formation. Longitudinal dispersion dominates in the early stages of lens formation, while diffusion and transversal dispersion dominate at steady state.  相似文献   

随钻测量钻进技术在煤矿井下瓦斯抽放中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

郭益辉  王斌  桑鹏 《探矿工程》2011,38(1):32-34

随钻测量是煤矿井下定向钻进中的关键技术之一。介绍了随钻测量钻进技术的特点和工作原理,以及定向孔的设计和工艺步骤,并对其在陕西彬县亭南煤矿、宁夏汝箕沟煤矿和晋煤集团岳城煤矿瓦斯抽放中的应用进行了阐述。  相似文献   

2012年7月27日陕北佳县特大暴雨天气的成因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘勇  郭大梅  胡启元 《干旱气象》2014,(3):424-430,438

利用常规高低空气象观测资料、地面逐小时降水、物理量、NCEP再分析资料和卫星云图,对2012年7月27日发生在陕北佳县的一次特大暴雨天气进行诊断分析,结果表明：暴雨前期副热带高压较强,当西风带的冷空气与副热带高压西北侧的西南暖湿气流交汇时,触发对流产生;低层700 hPa西南气流、850 hPa东南气流为特大暴雨提供了比较充沛的水汽;大气低层存在大量不稳定能量;高空200 hPa陕西北部位于浅槽的前部、急流入口区的右侧,存在正涡度平流,这一区域有强烈的辐散,提供了较强的上升运动,是特大暴雨产生的主要机制;在卫星云图上表现为一个水平尺度为200~400km、云顶亮温最低为-60℃,生命史为14 h的中-α尺度对流云团。  相似文献   

地闪不规则先导的多尺度熵特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

李婵  张阳  吕伟涛  郑栋  谭涌波 《应用气象学报》2014,25(3):347-353

针对不规则脉冲簇难以判别问题,将多尺度熵应用于不规则先导分析中,探讨闪电信号不规则脉冲分析应用中多尺度熵关键参量的选择方法。在此基础上,将不规则先导与直窜先导及梯级先导闪电信号的多尺度熵进行比较。统计分析表明:不规则先导和直窜先导熵值随尺度先增加后趋于平稳,但熵值有很大差异;梯级先导熵值随尺度变化不明显,整体呈增长趋势,与不规则先导的熵值在大于3的尺度上也有所差异,因此当尺度大于3时可将熵值大于1.5的先导归类为不规则先导,熵值小于1.5的先导归类为梯级先导或直窜先导。不规则先导的特征熵平均值为2.0~2.1,最大值范围为2.6~2.8,最小值范围为1.51~1.59。  相似文献