An update on automatic 3D building reconstruction   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Norbert Haala  Martin Kada   《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2010,65(6):570-580

The development of tools for the generation of 3D city models started almost two decades ago. From the beginning, fully automatic reconstruction systems were envisioned to fulfil the need for efficient data collection. However, research on automatic city modelling is still a very active area. The paper will review a number of current approaches in order to comprehensively elaborate the state of the art of reconstruction methods and their respective principles. Originally, automatic city modelling only aimed at polyhedral building objects, which mainly reflects the respective roof shapes and building footprints. For this purpose, airborne images or laser scans are used. In addition to these developments, the paper will also review current approaches for the generation of more detailed facade geometries from terrestrial data collection.  相似文献   

浅析城市部件的数字化采集方法     

崔延 《北京测绘》2010,(1):59-62

为了提高城市管理水平、实现科学和规范化管理,借鉴"数字城市管理系统"模式的成功案例,根据网格化城市管理系统的要求,实施网格化管理信息化建设工程,进行城市部件的数据采集工作,并将所获取的数据成功地转入数据库。本文根据城市部件数字化采集工作的实际经验和做法,从城市部件的类型及编码、城市部件数据采集方法和精度要求以及城市部件成果数据库的建立三个部分进行了分析和阐述,以供测绘工作者参考。  相似文献   

卫星遥感中国海域气溶胶特征分析     

邓学良  何冬燕  潘德炉  孙照渤 《遥感学报》2010,14(2):303-322

利用AERONET地基观测,验证MODIS Collection5(MODIS_C005)气溶胶产品在中国海域的适用性。利用其550nm气溶胶光学厚度(AOT550)和小颗粒比例(Fine Mode Fraction,FMF)对中国海域气溶胶分布进行分析,结合气象场对其形成机制进行探讨,结果表明:首先,MODIS_C005气溶胶产品在中国海域有很高精度,适用中国海域;其次,中国海域AOT550与FMF存在明显的时空分布特征。时间上,AOT550在冬、春季最大,在夏、秋季最小;FMF在夏、秋季最大,冬、春季最小。空间上,在经向上,AOT550在30°N—40°N达到最大,向南北递减;FMF从南向北逐渐增加,到达30?N附近后增加减弱。在纬向上,AOT550和FMF随着经度的增加而减小;最后,中国海域气溶胶主要来自于陆源气溶胶,借助风场传输到达中国海域,同时还受到降雨的影响。  相似文献   

2019年太原青运会期间空气质量评估     

郭伟  朱凌云  汪文雅  高兴艾  成鹏伟  张岳军 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(6):36-43

为评估太原青运会期间大气污染控制措施对空气质量的改善效果,对青运会会前、会期和会后三个阶段太原市6种污染物浓度的演变及气溶胶在垂直方向上的变化进行了分析。结果表明：青运会期间太原市PM₁₀、PM_2.5、CO、NO₂、O₃较青运会前分别下降30.5%、37.3%、20.2%、18.0%和18.6%,SO₂削减程度不明显。垂直方向上,青运会期间气溶胶消光系数峰值降低24.6%,其中低湿天气下气溶胶消光系数峰值下降46%,高湿天气下峰值下降21.6%,青运会期间大气中PM_2.5在PM₁₀中的占比降低,垂直大气中气溶胶的吸湿增长能力增强。与2017和2018年同期相比,青运会期间PM₁₀、PM_2.5、CO、NO₂浓度均有大幅下降,O₃浓度较近两年同期无显著变化。因此,青运会期间的各项控制措施有效降低了本地颗粒物浓度。  相似文献   

在城市地质工作中应重视一种新型电磁法——可控源音频大地电磁法的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘延忠  冯辉 《城市地质》2006,1(1)

简要介绍可控源音频大地电磁场法的发展概况,方法特点。通过该方法在北京地区的应用效果,作者认为应当将该方法技术引进到城市地质工作中来。  相似文献   

城市景观湖泊不同时间尺度CH₄通量特征及影响因素分析——以南京市莫愁湖为例     

次珍  谢舒恬  张一泉  柯凡  尹一帆  谢璇  林晗琪  陈新芳  冯慕华 《湖泊科学》2024,36(3):782-793

城市景观湖泊对温室气体的收支发挥着重要作用。本文以南京市莫愁湖为研究对象,采用静态箱—温室气体分析仪法实时监测湖泊水—气界面CH₄通量,分析湖泊主要温室气体CH₄在日尺度和季节尺度上因冒泡和扩散排放方式不同对其通量的影响,探究影响湖泊CH₄通量的因素。结果表明:(1)在日尺度上,四季24 h内CH₄均呈排放状态,受白天冒泡影响,四季CH₄总通量均存在白天高于夜间的日变化特征。(2)在季节尺度上,莫愁湖CH₄排放通量呈现显著的时空异质性,受冒泡通量的影响夏季CH₄通量明显高于春、秋、冬三季;B区的CH₄总通量(6.04 nmol/(m²·s))显著高于A区(3.82 nmol/(m²·s)),水体的营养化程度和离岸距离是空间变化的主要影响因素。A、B两区CH₄排放夏季以冒泡排放为主,春、秋、冬以扩散排放为主。(3)在日尺度上,CH₄  相似文献   

北京城市化进程对城市热岛的影响研究   总被引：89，自引：9，他引：80       下载免费PDF全文

季崇萍  刘伟东  轩春怡 《地球物理学报》2006,49(1):69-77

利用1971～2000年北京20个气象观测站逐日４个时次（02:00、08:00、14:00、20:00）的温度资料,选取具有代表性的城区和郊区多个站点的平均值对北京城市化进程对城市热岛效应的影响、城市热岛强度的日变化和长期变化进行了研究.分析结果指出：（1）北京城市热岛强度和总人口对数呈线性相关关系,其长期变化相关系数为076;（2）北京城市建成区的范围与城市热岛影响范围呈同步变化趋势;(3)不同时次城市热岛强度的长期变化指出,北京城市热岛强度以平均每10年022℃的速率加剧,其中1999年北京热岛强度达113℃（夜间,02:00）;(4)夜间热岛强度明显大于日间.就10年平均而言, 20世纪80年代和90年代夜戒热岛强度均超过05℃;(5)一天4个时次热岛强度的季节变化趋势基本一致,均表现为冬季强、夏季弱.并且,夜间02:00时热岛最强,中午14:00时热岛最弱.  相似文献   

The impacts of optical properties on radiative forcing due to dust aerosol   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王宏  石广玉  李书严  李伟  王标  黄彦彬 《大气科学进展》2006,23(3):431-441

There are large uncertainties in the quantitative assessment of radiative effects due to atmospheric dust aerosol. The optical properties contribute much to those uncertainties. The authors perform several sensitivity experiments to estimate the impacts of optical characteristics on regional radiative forcing in this paper. The experiments involve in refractive indices, single scattering aibedo, asymmetry factor and optical depth. An updated dataset of refractive indices representing East Asian dust and the one recommended by the World Meteorology Organization （WMO） are contrastively analyzed and used. A radiative transfer code for solar and thermal infrared radiation with detailed aerosol parameterization is employed. The strongest emphasis is on the refractive indices since other optical parameters strongly depend on it, and the authors found a strong sensitivity of radiative forcing on refractive indices. Studies show stronger scattering, weaker absorption and forward scattering of the East Asian dust particles at solar wavelengths, which leads to higher negative forcing, lower positive forcing and bigger net forcing at the top of the atmosphere （TOA） than that of the WMO dust model. It is also found that the TOA forcings resulting from these two dust models have opposite signs in certain regions, which implies the importance of accurate measurements of optical properties in the quantitative estimation of radiative forcing.  相似文献   

基于能见度数据分析的气溶胶吸湿增长特征研究     

甘启航  何南腾  沈子宣  邹嘉南 《气象研究与应用》2021,42(1):27-33

基于相对湿度、能见度等气象数据,分析气溶胶吸湿增长特性,有助于了解气溶胶对大气环境和区域气候的影响.利用南京地区2016年1-12月、2017年2-12月、2018年1-8月和12月相对湿度和能见度等数据,通过非线性拟合研究气溶胶吸湿增长因子(f(RH))与相对湿度(RH)之间的关系.结果表明,吸湿增长因子在RH值较低...  相似文献   

Comparing spatial distributions of infant mortality over time: Investigating the urban environment of Baltimore,Maryland in 1880 and 1920     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2017

Infant mortality is a sensitive indicator of urban environmental conditions, and investigating the geography of such an indicator provides insight into variables affecting public health in urban North America in 1880 and 1920. Geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis now provide a means by which to view past infant mortality distributions from a new perspective, one not available at the time. This study makes use of data collected from the 1880 and 1920 Vital Statistics Death Records for Baltimore, Maryland - mapping each infant death to his or her place of residence. Previous work with the 1880 data indicates an uneven distribution of infant deaths with some degree of spatial clustering. The current study takes these findings a step further through the use of the local spatial autocorrelation statistic, Gi*, to identify the locations of clusters in one or both years. The aim of the comparison is to determine whether the location of infant mortality clusters remained the same over time indicating persistent environmental, and possibly demographic, challenges in certain neighborhoods. The data indicated hotspots of infant mortality in both years with persistence in the Fells Point area of Baltimore. The significant clusters appeared in neighborhoods with large African American and/or immigrant populations in both years. The hotspots in the primarily African American neighborhood were only significant in 1880 despite presenting some intriguing questions about what caused such a change, particular when the population in that part of the city did not change. This work offers insights into the spatial distribution of infant mortality in the past and clues regarding which parts of the city need additional investigation to better understand their social and environmental characteristics.  相似文献