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21.
Spatial variation of earthquake ground motion is an important phenomenon that cannot be ignored in the design and safety of strategic structures. Several models have been developed to describe this variation using statistical, mathematical or physical approaches. The latter approach is not specific to an event. A recent contribution, which uses such an approach and called complete stochastic deamplification approach (CSDA), was developed [1]. The aim of this paper is to analyze the spatial variation of earthquake motion induced by the propagation of body waves using the CSDA. Coherency functions are evaluated for the cases of SH–SV–P waves propagating through stratified soil. Results obtained show that the variation of the coherency function is not the same for vertical and horizontal components and that the motion is more coherent at depth than at the free surface. In fact, we found that the rate of decrease with frequency and distance is not the same if P–SV waves propagate through stratified soil. 相似文献
22.
基于DEM的分布式水文模型构建方法 总被引:52,自引:4,他引:52
基于 DEM的分布式水文模型是现代水文学同高科技 (如计算机技术、 3S技术等 )相结合的产物 ,是研究变化环境下水文循环与水资源演化规律的理想工具 ,代表了水文模型的最新发展方向。从 DEM的特性出发 ,本文探讨并总结了分布式水文模型的特点、建模思路和模型基本结构框图。在流域离散化方面 ,重点介绍了分布式水文模型常用的三种单元划分方法 ;最后 ,针对分布式水文模型构建问题 ,从“输入模块”、“单元水文模型”、“河网汇流模型”三方面 ,阐述了分布式水文模型微结构构建方法。 相似文献
23.
Velocity profile of a sand cloud blowing over a gravel surface 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Particle dynamic analyzer (PDA) measurement technology was used to study the turbulent characteristics and the variation with height of the mean horizontal (in the downwind direction) and vertical (in the upward direction) particle velocity of a sand cloud blowing over a gravel surface. The results show that the mean horizontal particle velocity of the cloud increases with height, while the mean vertical velocity decreases with height. The variation of the mean horizontal velocity with height is, to some extent, similar to the wind profile that increases logarithmically with height in the turbulent boundary layer. The variation of the mean vertical velocity with height is much more complex than that of the mean horizontal velocity. The increase of the resultant mean velocity with height can be expressed by a modified power function. Particle turbulence in the downwind direction decreases with height, while that in the vertical direction is complex. For fine sands (0.2–0.3 mm and 0.3–0.4 mm), there is a tendency for the particle turbulence to increase with height. In the very near-surface layer (<4 mm), the movement of blown sand particles is very complex due to the rebound of particles on the bed and the interparticle collisions in the air. Wind starts to accelerate particle movement about 4 mm from the surface. The initial rebound on the bed and the interparticle collisions in the air have a profound effect on particle movement below that height, where particle concentration is very high and wind velocity is very low. 相似文献
24.
Least-squares prediction using an empirically deduced local covariance function was performed to investigate the temporal
change in the rates of vertical crustal movements in the Tohoku district, Japan. Levelling data covering an area of approximately
450 × 275 km2 observed between 1966 and 1995 were used and the results shown in the form of contour maps. Firstly we derived a covariance
function of the rates of vertical crustal movement with a Gaussian form function. We used this function to estimate the spatial
distribution of the rates of vertical crustal movements. By the present method, a steady tilt of the Tohoku district to the
east, toward the Japan Trench and an areal uplift in the southwestern part were well reproduced. Moreover, a significant temporal
change in vertical movement rates is clearly seen.
Received: 15 July 1996 相似文献
25.
Sarbari Ghosh Utpal Kumar De Atmospheric Science Research Department of Physics Jadavpur University Calcutta India Received April revised July 《大气科学进展》1997,(1)
AComparativeStudyoftheAtmosphericLayersbelowFirstLiftingCondensationLevelforInstantaneousPre-MonsoonThunderstormOcurenceatAga... 相似文献
26.
Vertical Ozone Profile over Tibet Using Sage I and II Data 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
VerticalOzoneProfileoverTibetUsingSageIandIData①ZouHan(邹捍)andGaoYongqi(郜永祺)InstituteofAtmosphericPhysics,ChineseAcademyofScie... 相似文献
27.
云南地壳形变与丽江7.0级地震 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:9
本利用滇西、滇中地区大地垂直形变和跨断层短水准、短基线的监测资料进行综合分析论证,其结果表明:1996年2月滇西丽江7.0级地震前,该区应力场方向自1990年以来产生了由北东-北西的转变,震源区出现高达109mm的垂直差异运动1993-1996年有75%的断层形变测点相继出现不同程度的中期、短期和临震异常。大地垂直形变与断层形变的共性演变特性,为强震的预测提供了一个较好的震例。 相似文献
28.
广东沿海地区现代地壳垂直运动研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
对30多年来1万多km精密水准复测数百个重合点资料进行了综合研究,结果表明,广东沿海岸段的地壳平均以-0.5mm/a幅度沉降,表现出粤西抬升,粤东沉降,珠江三角洲大面积下沉的格局。粤西岸段平均以+0.6mm/a速率上升,粤东沿海岸段平均以-0.7mm/a速率下降;珠江三角洲以-1.8mm/a速率下沉,桂东南岸段则以+3.4mm/a的速上升。 相似文献
29.
Discussions are carried out on the vertical discretization of current atmospheric models.It is pointed out that there exist problems in the integration of the hydrostatic equation and the computation of vertical advection,vertical diffusion and so on.Then some possible ways for solving or alleviating them are suggested.Finally,the choice of vertical coordinate and basis functions is discussed. 相似文献
30.