高寒草甸地区沙漠化发展过程及成因分析——以黄河源区玛多县为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

薛娴  郭坚  张芳  宗莉  韩邦帅  黄翠华 《中国沙漠》2007,27(5):725-732

遥感监测和野外调查研究结果表明：玛多县的沙漠化经历了由迅速发展到急剧逆转的过程,其中,20世纪80年代到2000年是沙漠化迅速发展的时期,沙漠化土地面积从1987年的12 827.6 km²增加到16 330.7 km²,达到全县土地总面积的64.7%,而在此后的6 a里,沙漠化状况得以有效逆转,在2006年,沙漠化土地下降到12 977.2 km²,年均逆转面积为559 km²;研究区沙漠化发生、发展的主要原因是气候变暖引起的冻土退化,以及随之引起的表土干旱化、草场退化、鼠害等;人类活动虽然在研究区沙漠化发生、发展过程中没有起到主导作用,但是可以通过以草定畜、围栏、灭鼠等措施有效控制沙漠化的发展,并使其得到逆转。  相似文献   

若尔盖高原生态环境恶化与沼泽退化及其形成机制   总被引：70，自引：0，他引：70  

杨永兴 《山地学报》1999,17(4):318-323

根据１９９６－１９９８年野外考察与研究获得信息,结合前人研究的资料,论证了若尔盖高原沼泽区生态环境恶化,沼泽退化十分严重,其主要表现为：沼泽旱化,沼泽类型改变,沼泽逆向生态演替,沼泽区沙化,野生动物种类,种群数量减少,土壤质量下降,沼泽水质变劣,草场退化和鼠害猖獗,剖析了沼泽区生态环境恶化,沼泽退化与人类活动干扰,自然因素作用的关系,进而阐明了人类活动干扰是沼泽区生态环境恶化,沼泽退化主要原因。  相似文献   

能见度的观测及其仪器   总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21  

曾书儿  王改利 《应用气象学报》1999,10(2):207-212

该文介绍了目前世界上普遍应用的几种能见度仪的工作原理,比较了其优缺点,阐述了我国与其他国家在此方面的差距,并对今后我国能见度观测工作提出建议。  相似文献   

港口波况恶化的观测和分析技术     

朱良生黎满球  蔡树群隋世峰 《海洋工程》1999,17(2):2

首先分析了港口波况恶化的可能成因,确定观测和分析目标。根据港内波浪中船行波占相当份量的因素和测量作业不能干扰港务活动的要求,讨论了有关港内波浪观测仪器设备、测站布设、观测方法和质量控制的问题。根据波况恶化分析的要求和非平稳波动过程的特点,研究了波浪频谱和特征值的计算、波浪能量的方向分布、不规则波沿海墙的反射和风浪、涌浪及船行波计算的技术。最后作为实例对某港进行了波况恶化的观测和分析。  相似文献   

运城解州地区地下水水质恶化形成原因及防治   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

王增银  崔银祥  曹李靖  辛选民  常永生  忽守苗 《地球科学》2000,25(5):477-481

运城解州地区近年来出现地下水水质明显恶化的现象, 直接影响了当地居民正常生活和农业灌溉用水.通过对该区水文地质条件的调查和水质分析对比, 认为是洪积倾斜平原中上部大量开采地下水使地下水水位下降, 水力坡度变缓, 在这种条件下, 又在咸淡水过渡带附近抽取地下水使地下水位低于硝池水位, 引起咸水入侵, 造成地下水水质恶化.研究认为必须控制开采量和抽水地段才能防止地下水水质进一步恶化和扩展.   相似文献   

Cyclic response of slender RC columns typical of precast industrial buildings   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Matej Fischinger  Miha Kramar  Tatjana Isaković 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2008,6(3):519-534

The cyclic behaviour of slender cantilever columns in full-scale models of precast industrial buildings, designed by Eurocode 8, was studied experimentally and analytically. The shear span ratio of the columns was 12.5, which is more than allowed by Eurocode 8 for columns in frame structures (10). High deformability and a large deformation capacity (8%~drift) of the columns was observed. A lumped plasticity model was used in the analysis. In the paper the observed behaviour of the models has been compared with the predicted behaviour obtained by several empirically based models and procedures. It was observed that these models, which were developed for much lower shear span ratios (2–6), were not applicable for the analyzed very slender columns without appropriate additional considerations and modifications. In the case of such columns the yield drift is dominated by the flexural mode (it is practically proportional to the height of the column) and the ultimate drift under cyclic loading conditions is only slightly dependent on the shear span (indicating that the ratio of the equivalent length of the plastic hinge to the height of the column decreases with the increasing shear span). An appropriately modified lumped plasticity model incorporating in-cycle and repeated-cycle strength deterioration was chosen for future use in performance-based design and seismic risk studies.  相似文献   

Fiber-based hysteretic model for simulating strength and stiffness deterioration of steel hollow structural section columns under cyclic loading     

Yusuke Suzuki  Dimitrios G. Lignos 《地震工程与结构动力学》2020,49(15):1702-1720

An efficient component model has been developed that captures strength and stiffness deterioration of steel hollow structural section (HSS) columns. The proposed model consists of two fiber-based segments at a member's ends along with an elastic segment in between. The fibers exhibit nonlinear uniaxial stress–strain behavior, which is explicitly defined by uniaxial monotonic tensile and cyclic round coupon tests. The postbuckling behavior of an HSS column is traced through a proposed uniaxial effective stress–strain constitutive formulation, which includes a softening branch in compression and an energy-based deterioration rule to trace the influence of cyclic deterioration in the inelastic cyclic straining. These may be inferred by uniaxial stub-column tests. The component model captures the coupling between the column axial force and flexural demands. Consistent model parameters for a number of steel materials used in the steel construction in North America and Japan are proposed along with the associated model calibration process. The efficiency of the proposed model in predicting the hysteretic behavior of HSS columns is demonstrated by comparisons with physical steel column tests subjected to various loading histories, including representative ones of ratcheting prior to earthquake-induced collapse. The proposed model is implemented in an open-source finite element software for nonlinear response history analysis of frame structures. The effectiveness of the proposed model in simulating dynamic instability of steel frame buildings is demonstrated through nonlinear response simulations of a four-story steel frame building, which was tested at full-scale through collapse. Limitations as well as suggestions for future work are discussed.  相似文献   

Modelling the risk of deterioration at earthen heritage sites in drylands     

Jenny Richards  Jerome Mayaud  Hongtao Zhan  Fasi Wu  Richard Bailey  Heather Viles 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(11):2401-2416

  相似文献   

丹东地区大气能见度变化及其主要影响因子分析     

赵胡笳  马雁军 《辽宁气象》2011,(6):7-13

利用2007年6月至2009年11月丹东市区器测能见度资料和人工观测能见度资料,分析目测能见度与器测能见度的关系,探讨不同季节中,PM_10。和PM_2．5、PM_1.0。颗粒物浓度对大气能见度的影响,研究降水强度与PM的湿清除效率关系。结果表明：在低能见度情况下,目测能见度与器测能见度的比值相对较小;能见度较差时,PM_1.0粒子比重增大,PM_1.0／PM_1.0和PM2．s／PM_1.0比值与月平均风速为负相关;天气现象日数较多的月份,其对应的月平均能见度较小;PM日平均质量浓度的改变量以及降雨量对PM的湿清除效率与降水强度相关,器测目测能见度平均值随着降水强度的增加而降低。  相似文献   

苏州市能见度与影响因子关系研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

朱焱  杨金彪  朱莲芳  刘红年  张剑 《气象科学》2011,31(5):626-631

利用2009年6月—2010年5月苏州市气象局霾监测点颗粒物浓度、能见度、相对湿度、风速、风向、气温等观测资料,分析了苏州能见度变化特征,建立了能见度和影响因子的统计模型,研究了能见度和气象因子及颗粒物浓度的关系。结果表明：苏州市能见度有明显的季节变化,春季能见度最好,秋季能见度最低;能见度日变化显著,最低能见度通常出现在清晨,午后明显好转;PM10、PM2.5、黑碳浓度值和相对湿度与能见度都呈反相关关系,但黑碳对能见度的影响不如PM10和PM2.5对能见度的影响明显;风速与能见度呈正相关关系,在东南、南东南风向时能见度值最高。  相似文献