武汉大气能见度与PM_2.5浓度及相对湿度关系的非线性分析及能见度预报   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

白永清  祁海霞  刘琳  陈城  林春泽  李武阶 《气象学报》2016,74(2):189-199

武汉作为中部地区高湿度代表城市,大气污染严重,霾天气多发,但有关该地区大气能见度与PM2.5浓度及相对湿度(RH)的定量关系尚不明确。利用2014年9月—2015年3月武汉地区逐时能见度、相对湿度及颗粒物质量浓度观测数据,研究分析了武汉大气能见度与PM2.5浓度及相对湿度的关系,并进行能见度非线性预报初探,得到以下结论:武汉霾时数发生比例高,霾的发生和加重是能见度降低的主要原因;能见度降低伴随大量细粒子产生和累积,这是武汉大气能见度恶化的重要诱因。细颗粒物浓度与相对湿度共同影响和制约大气能见度变化,高湿高浓度时能见度显著下降,湿情景下(RH≥40%),能见度恶化主要是由湿度增高诱使细颗粒物粒径吸湿增长导致其散射效率增大造成的。当RH >90%时,能见度随湿度升高成线性递减,相对湿度每升高1%,武汉平均能见度降低0.568 km。而干情景下(RH2.5质量浓度升高。在城市大气细粒子污染背景下,能见度与相对湿度成非线性关系,这主要与PM2.5对能见度的影响及吸湿性颗粒物的散射效率变化有关。PM2.5浓度与能见度成幂函数非线性关系,80%≤RH2.5浓度对能见度的影响敏感阈值是随着湿度升高而减小的,干情景下能见度10 km对应的PM2.5浓度阈值为70 μg/m3,湿情景下该阈值为18—55 μg/m3。当PM2.5质量浓度低于约40 μg/m3时,继续降低PM2.5可显著提高武汉大气能见度。预报试验表明,基于神经网络方法建立大气能见度非线性预报模型是可行的,预报能见度相关系数为0.86,均方根误差为1.9 km,能见度≤10 km的TS评分为0.92。网络模型具有较高预报性能,对霾的判别有较高准确性,为衔接区域环境气象数值预报模式,建立大气能见度精细化动力统计模型提供参考依据。   相似文献   

关于地下水水质模拟中模拟因子选择的研究——以济宁市地下水水质模型为例     

侯印伟  束龙仓  李广贺 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1990,(3)

在进行地下水水质预测时,人们不可能也不必要将所有对地下水产生变质作用的有害组分都作为模拟因子进入模型,因此,如何进行模拟因子的选择是地下水水质定量研究中的一个十分重要的课题。利用聚类分析和因子分析方法比较有效地解决了这一问题。  相似文献   

2014-2017年华北平原PM2.5组分消光与能见度对比研究          下载免费PDF全文

Xinrui Wu  Jinyuan Xin  Xiaoling Zhang  Ruirui Si  Guangjing Liu  An'na Li  Tianxue Wen  Zirui Liu  Shigong Wang  Guangzhou Fan  Yuesi Wang  Lili Wang  Wenkang Gao 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(2):67-73

华北平原大气污染与低能见度状况一直是人们关切的问题.本文通过分析2014-2017年PM2.5化学成分的浓度和消光效果,研究了华北平原典型城市保定市的大气污染特征.结果表明,PM2.5组分的年均浓度显示下降趋势,水溶性无机离子,碳质气溶胶和金属元素分别减少了11 μg m-3,23μgm-3和1796 ng m-3.NH4+,NO3-和SO42-是PM2.5污染的主要污染物,三者之和占总离子浓度的82.9％.基于IMPROVE方程对细颗粒物进行重构,在观测期间PM2.5质量浓度平均为93±69μgm-3,春季,夏季,秋季和冬季的消光系数分别为373.8±233.6 M m-1,405.3±300.1 M m-1,554.3±378.2 M m-1和1005.2±750.3 M m-1.硫酸铵,硝酸铵和有机物对消光的贡献最大,不同季节下占比达55％～77％.通过PM2.5组分进行重构,利用IMPROVE算法计算得到Rbsca,用能见度测量值转换得到Vbsca,二者具有较高的相关性(r2=0.84);但存在Vbsca的高值被低估,Vbsca的低值被高估的现象;特别是当Rbsca＞1123 M m-1(对应能见度约小于2.0 km)时,Vbsca的值被低估了17.6％.高浓度PM2.5和高湿度对IMPROVE算法结果有显著的影响.  相似文献   

烟尘对洛阳能见度的影响     

叶汝杰孟丽丽  王广成张丽娟 《河南气象》2004,(1):9-10

利用洛阳1951～2000年气象资料，分析了烟尘对洛阳能见度的影响及烟尘浓度变化特征及原因。  相似文献   

European lake shores in danger — concepts for a sustainable development   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Klaus Schmieder   《Limnologica》2004,34(1-2):3

In Europe, when small (> 0.01 km²) lakes are considered, approximately 500,000 natural lakes occur. This considerable number points to the fact that lakeshore habitats and ecosystems are of significant importance to the total biodiversity of European landscapes, not only because of their expanse, but also because they are ecotones between land and water, which attract many kinds of wildlife, economical, cultural and recreational uses and human settlement. These very considerable stretches of shore are not currently registered, mapped or evaluated anywhere.Apart from providing habitat, the littoral biocoenosis performs a string of additional functions in the ecosystem, of which several are also of great importance to people, such as self purification, buffer zone, erosion protection and recreation scenery. In particular, the recreational function provides a main economic base for many lake areas and even whole countries in Europe. However, human interests have resulted in lake shore deterioration, such that many European lakes are now bare natural shores or retain only relics of them. Apart from the loss of the ecological functions, this also leads to a substantial loss of economic benefits. This precipitates the need for a responsible management, which can be done only on the base of a sound assessment method and a continuous monitoring of the status of lake shore areas. On a European scale, the European Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) and the Habitat Directive (92/43/EEC) provide the frame for the assessment and monitoring of the status of littoral habitats of lakes. The WFD focuses on entire surface water bodies, including their associated wetlands under influence of their natural water-level fluctuations. However, the provided set of quality elements has to be adapted for an approach specific to lake shores. Apart from quality elements indicating the natural spatial pre-requisites, biocoenotic diversity and integrity, and ecosystem function and dynamics, also quality elements representing the human pressure of land use and the social and economic value of the lake shore zone should be included in an integrated lakeshore assessment and monitoring concept.However, the application of such an integrated quality assessment scheme requires an integrated administrative counterpart, just as the WFD requires for water management aspects on a catchment scale. Only by overcoming the splitting of competence among a variety of authorities and planning corporations can an integrated approach to sustainable shore development be translated into action.  相似文献   

“930505”沙尘暴的若干启示   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

瞿章  许宝玉 《干旱区地理》1994,17(1):63-67

“９３０５０５”沙尘暴及其灾害现已引起中央和有关方面广泛重视。事后，我们做了大量的文献调研，从中得到若干启示。  相似文献   

一次人工水平能见度数据的异常值分析     

何林  李亚丽  吉庆  曹梅 《内蒙古气象》2019,(2):43-45

利用数据流逆推的方式,从最终服务数据、入库、解码、快速质控、原始报文等各环节,对镇安国家级自动气象站2016年9月8日02时的人工观测水平能见度要素突变为0的现象进行分析,并对多个国家站的同类现象进行汇总对比。结果表明:人工水平能见度的观测值确实存在为0的现象,这与数据采集及观测规范设定相关,会对后续的解码入库及数据服务环节造成影响。  相似文献   

基于可视性分析与能量补偿的金属矿弹性波全波形反演   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

孙宏宇  韩立国  韩淼  王志强 《地球物理学报》2015,58(12):4605-4616

采用弹性波全波形反演方法精确重建深部金属矿多参数模型,建模过程采用基于地震照明的反演策略.首先给出基于照明理论的观测系统可视性定义,利用可视性分析构建新的目标函数,对反演目标可视性较高的炮检对接收到的地震记录在波场匹配时占有更高的权重,确保了参与反演计算中的地震数据的有效性;其次将给定观测系统对地下介质的弹性波场照明强度作为优化因子,根据地震波在波阻抗界面处的能量分配特点,自适应补偿波场能量分布和优化速度梯度,以提高弹性波全波形反演过程的稳定性和反演结果的精度.理论模型和金属矿模型反演试验结果表明,基于可视性分析和能量补偿的反演策略可以使弹性波全波形反演更快地收敛到目标函数的全局极小值,获得适用于金属矿高分辨率地震偏移成像的多参数模型.  相似文献   

Extraction and Dynamic Spatial-Temporal Changes of Grassland Deterioration Research Hot Regions in China     

HU Yunfeng  HAN Yueqi  ZHANG Yunzhi  ZHUANG Yuan 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2017,8(4):352-358

The authors use a web crawler to retrieve all periodical articles from CNKI between the 1950s and 2016 and then parse the abstracts of 293368 articles about grassland deterioration by word segmentation, location matching and other methods. The authors also construct a research hot regions extraction model of grassland deterioration in China based on a comprehensive research hot regions index of toponyms and then analyze the spatial pattern and dynamic change in research hot regions of grassland deterioration in China. The research shows the following: (1) The spatial heterogeneity of grassland deterioration in China can be effectively described by a model of grassland deterioration based on the comprehensive research hot regions index. (2) The research hot regions of grassland deterioration are mainly distributed in most regions of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, Gansu and other provinces. The northeastern region of Inner Mongolia (such as Hulunbeier) and the eastern region of Inner Mongolia (such as Xilin Gol, Chifeng and Wulanchabu) are significant hot regions in the study of grassland deterioration. (3) The number of high research hot regions increases from 81 in the 1950s to 99 in the 2000s; the area increases from 1.038 million km² to 1.146 million km². The degree of hot for grassland deterioration research in 197 counties showed an upward trend. This paper also discusses the relationship between the region of research hot regions and the region of grassland deterioration and then indicates the differences between them in time matching, space matching and concept matching.  相似文献   

Progressive collapse analysis through strength degradation and fracture in the Mixed Lagrangian Formulation     

O. Lavan  M. V. Sivaselvan  A. M. Reinhorn  G. F. Dargush 《地震工程与结构动力学》2009,38(13):1483-1504

The dynamic analysis of progressive collapse faces a great number of obstacles that often lead to the collapse of the analysis prior to the actual analysis of collapse. Hence, the Mixed Lagrangian Formulation that has been shown to be very robust was adopted as a framework to accommodate such analysis. By modifying the loading function and the numerical scheme, the capabilities of this framework were extended to account for strength degradation and fracture, while some insight to its behavior is introduced as well. The examples presented show a very robust and stable behavior of the numerical scheme in terms of the time step size required, even in cases where a sudden fracture takes place. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献