Tsunami travel times to New Zealand     

A. E. Gilmour 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):139-142

A table is given for the intervals between the time that a tsunami propagating radially from a distant source first reaches a position 600 nautical miles from Wellington and the times when the tsunami first reaches any of 11 selected places in New Zealand.  相似文献   

Role of atmospheric ammonia in the formation of inorganic secondary particulate matter: A study at Kanpur,India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mukesh Sharma  Shyam Kishore  S. N. Tripathi  S. N. Behera 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2007,57(1):1-17

Levels of fine Particulate Matter (PM_fine), SO₂ and NO_x are interlinked through atmospheric reactions to a large extent. NO_x, NH₃, SO₂, temperature and humidity are the important atmospheric constituents/conditions governing formation of fine particulate sulfates and nitrates. To understand the formation of inorganic secondary particles (nitrates and sulfates) in the atmosphere, a study was undertaken in Kanpur, India. Specifically, the study was designed to measure the atmospheric levels of covering winter and summer seasons and day and night samplings to capture the diurnal variations. Results showed are found to be significantly high in winter season compared to the summer season. In winter, the molar ratio of to was found to be greater than 2:1. This higher molar ratio suggests that in addition to (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃ will be formed because of excess quantity of present. In summer, the molar ratio was less than 2:1 indicating deficit of to produce NH₄NO₃. The nitrogen conversion ratio (NO₂ to NO₃) was found to be nearly 50% in the study area that suggested quick conversion of NO₂ into nitric acid. As an overall conclusion, this study finds that NH₃ plays a vital role in the formation of fine inorganic secondary particles particularly so in winter months and there is a need to identify and assess sources of ammonia emissions in India.  相似文献   

Simulating estuarine nitrous oxide production by means of a dynamic model     

Rodrigues PP  Barnes J  Upstill-Goddard RC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(2):164-172

We describe a dynamic model developed from a commercially available modeling package (ECoS-III) to simulate estuarine dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) dynamics, and consequent N(2)O production and atmospheric flux on the timescale of tidal cycles. Simulated model state variables were NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-) and N(2)O concentrations, and salinity. Model outputs were evaluated through comparison with summer field data for the Tyne estuary, UK. The model adequately reproduced the observed axial profiles of NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-) and N(2)O concentrations. Nitrification was shown to be the dominant N(2)O source and estimates of the ratios nitrification to DIN load and N(2)O emission to DIN load are considerably lower than the corresponding values adopted in global scale models of estuarine N(2)O emissions based on DIN transformations. Hence our results are consistent with the requirement imposed by atmospheric N(2)O growth rate constraints that the amount of atmospheric N(2)O arising from agriculturally related sources, including estuarine transformations of N, be revised downward.  相似文献   

地下水中无机多元素测定监控样的制备与应用     

郭琳  温宏利  王苏明  屈文俊  曹亚萍 《岩矿测试》2010,29(5):575-579

根据中国地质调查局正在组织开展全国性1:50000～1:250000地下水污染调查评价工作中对重点区要求必测的无机元素项目要求,用天然基体的地下水制备地下水无机多元素测定监控样。采集的地下水经初步分析后,进行有关组分的添加处理,制备需要研制的实验室监控样品。通过均匀性和稳定性检验,判定监控样的均匀性良好,在监测期间内性质稳定。探讨了该监控样在地下水无机元素测定质量监控工作中可以用于校准仪器、评价测量方法的准确度和用作分析质量保证。  相似文献   

改性沸石对重金属离子竞争吸附特性研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

许秀云  蔡玉曼 《江苏地质》2010,34(1):92-97

以钠型改性沸石为吸附剂,以含有单一的镉、锌、铅溶液以及镉、锌、铅的混合溶液为吸附质,开展了改性沸石中重金属离子的竞争吸附及其影响因素等实验研究。结果表明,当溶液中有多种二价重金属离子存在时,各离子之间存在竞争吸附,竞争能力为Pb2+>Cd2+>Zn2+;Zn2+-Cd2+表现出显著的协同吸附效应,而Zn2+-Pb2+、Cd2+-Pb2+表现出拮抗吸附。  相似文献   

西南极乔治王岛冰芯研究——冰雪层定年、微粒记录及离子迁移   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张小伟  康建成  周尚哲 《冰川冻土》2003,25(5):533-540

在分析南极乔治王岛冰帽大冰穹顶部降水和成冰条件的基础上,利用冰芯上部层物理特征参数确定的5个年层及其附近气象站相应的降水记录,结合多年降水资料将大冰穹45m冰芯划分为15个年层.应用此年层剖面,证实了微粒含量的两个异常峰值分别对应于1987年Deception岛和1980年的SealNunataks两次火山喷发.乔治王岛冰帽属于温性冰帽,大、小冰穹冰芯阴阳离子受沉积后融水渗浸淋溶作用的影响.对冰芯阴阳离子的淋溶次序分析显示,大冰穹为SO₄^2->Mg²⁺>Ca²⁺>K⁺>Cl^->Na⁺>NO₃^->Br^-,而小冰穹为Mg²⁺>Ca²⁺>SO₄^2->K⁺>Cl^->Br^->Na⁺.  相似文献   

Influential factors on the exchange rate of dissolved inorganic nutrients at the sediment-water interface in Jiaozhou Bay,China     

王修林  蒋凤华  石晓勇  祝陈坚  韩秀荣 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2007,25(3):270-276

Incubation experiments are carried out to study the exchange rates of dissolved inorganic nutrients including silicate, phosphate, ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate （^vSiO3-Si,^vPO4-P, ^vNH4-N, ^vNO2-N and ^vNO3-N） at the sediment-water interface in the Jiaozhou Bay. Major factors influencing the exchange rates are discussed in detail, which include the dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations in porewater （Cpw）, water and clay contents, and grain size of the sediments （CH2O, Cclay and GSsed）. The results may provide insight into the dynamics of nutrient transport and the environmental capacity of nutrients in Jiaozhou Bay, and should be beneficial to solving the problems caused by excessive nutrient input this area.  相似文献   

太湖西北湖区浮游植物和无机、有机氮的时空分布特征     

叶琳琳  吴晓东  刘波  闫德智  赵力 《湖泊科学》2017,29(4):859-869

以太湖重度蓝藻水华发生的西北湖区为研究对象,从河口至湖心区设置5个采样点,于2012年10月至2013年10月逐月采集表层水体样品,测定了水温、溶解氧和浮游细菌丰度,并分析了浮游植物群落结构的组成、溶解性无机氮(DIN)和有机氮(DON)浓度以及氮磷比.研究结果表明,太湖西北湖区浮游植物主要由蓝藻、硅藻、绿藻和隐藻组成.可能由于风、浪等混合作用使太湖西北湖区不同采样点之间蓝藻细胞密度没有显著差异.蓝藻生物量在浮游植物中所占比例最高为34%±15%,春季部分点位隐藻生物量高于50%,表明隐藻与蓝藻的相互竞争趋势显著.CCA排序图结果表明,DIN、DON浓度以及总氮∶总磷比(TN∶TP比)是影响西北湖区浮游植物优势属分布的重要环境因子.5个采样点铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)与DIN浓度具有显著差异,与DON浓度没有显著差异.夏季蓝藻水华暴发期间,可能由于蓝藻的吸收利用引起NH_4~+-N和硝态氮(NO_3~--N)浓度迅速降低.此外,由于NH_4~+-N浓度还可能受到沉积物NH_4~+-N释放的影响,因此,蓝藻细胞密度与NO_3~--N的相关系数和显著水平均高于NH_4~+-N.夏季TN∶TP比和DIN∶TP比降至最低,表明该湖区浮游植物,尤其是蓝藻的生长可能受到氮限制.蓝藻细胞密度与DON浓度呈显著负相关,表明在氮限制条件下,DON可能是蓝藻氮素利用的重要补充.  相似文献   

无机阴离子及溶解性有机质对程海化学需氧量测定值的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毕婷婷  杨本芹  罗闹  杜娅楠  杨金凤  任东  顾丽鹏  潘学军 《湖泊科学》2017,29(6):1372-1378

自2005年以来,程海水体的化学需氧量(COD)持续升高,而生化需氧量(BOD)却维持不变,高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))升高也较缓慢.为研究程海COD持续升高的原因,选取程海水体中具有代表性的无机阴离子(Cl~-、F~-、S~(2-)、HCO_3~-)和溶解性有机质(DOM)中不同浓度的胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)和商品化腐殖酸(SHA),研究其对COD和COD_(Mn)测定的影响,探讨Cl~-和DOM共同存在下对COD测定的影响.结果表明:程海水体中Cl~-浓度对COD存在显著影响,产生的COD值为5.42 mg/L,S~(2-)、F~-和HCO_3~-对COD影响较小;各离子对COD_(Mn)的影响很小;不同浓度梯度的HA、FA和SHA与COD测定结果呈显著线性相关,氧化1 mg C HA、FA和SHA所产生的COD值分别为2.164、1.964和2.362 mg;氧化1 mg C HA和FA所产生的COD_(Mn)值分别为0.646和0.344 mg;DOM对COD测定值的影响显著大于对COD_(Mn)测定值的影响;且一定浓度Cl~-的存在增强了FA与HA对COD测定的影响.该研究为进一步阐明程海COD逐步升高,COD_(Mn)值缓慢升高的内在原因奠定了基础.  相似文献   

低温胁迫下南极冰藻Chlorophyceae L-4细胞质膜透性及重要无机离子变化的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈青  缪锦来  郑洲  阚光锋  姜英辉  丁燏 《海洋科学进展》2006,24(1):59-65

设-5,0,6℃三种温度,测定其对南极冰藻Chlorophyceae L-4细胞膜相对透性的影响。结果表明,在-5℃的冰冻状态,Chlorophyceae L-4的质膜可以维持相对的稳定性,从而可以维持细胞膜的正常功能和细胞内环境的稳定。X-射线微区分析结果表明,温度对细胞质内的主要无机离子Ca2 ,Na ,K 和Cl-含量影响不同,无机离子在Chlorophyceae L-4的低温生存中发挥一定的作用。Ca2 在Chlorophyceae L-4细胞中同Ca2 在高等植物中的作用一样,在Chlorophyceae L-4的抗冷生理中发挥第二信使的功能。Chlorophyceae L-4在-6℃条件下,Ca2 的含量在短时间内(6~12 h)迅速增加,此后,Ca2 迅速回到正常水平。因此,维持Ca2 的含量的稳态和活跃的Ca2 转运系统,对南极冰藻的低温生存是有利的。在低温下,维持细胞质中K 的含量稳定,以及Na ,Cl-等的平衡,对南极冰藻的低温生存也有重要的意义。  相似文献