Laboratory and numerical studies of wave damping by emergent and near-emergent wetland vegetation   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Lauren N. Augustin  Jennifer L. Irish  Patrick Lynett 《Coastal Engineering》2009

Wetlands protect mainland areas from erosion and damage by damping waves. Yet, this critical role of wetland is not fully understood at present, and a means for reliably determining wave damping by vegetation in engineering practice is not yet available. Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure wave attenuation resulting from synthetic emergent and nearly emergent wetland vegetation under a range of wave conditions and plant stem densities. The laboratory data were analyzed using linear wave theory to quantify bulk drag coefficients and with a nonlinear Boussinesq model to determine numerical friction factors to better represent wetland vegetation in engineering analysis.  相似文献   

玛曲湿地遥感影像提取及精度分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王迅  徐丹丹  李文龙 《国土资源遥感》2009,(4):96-100

以甘肃玛曲县为研究区,以区域湿地遥感信息提取为目标,采用TM多光谱数据和DEM数据,利用归一化植被指数和主成分分析得到的第一主成分作为分类特征,通过对数据的空间特征、波谱特征与统计结果的对比分析,构建湿地信息提取决策树模型,并与非监督分类法、最大似然法相比较,表明基于多特征决策树分类法能够用于湿地专题信息的提取,在研究区有较好的适用性。  相似文献   

青海湖典型湿地土壤重金属分布特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨龙  陈克龙  曹生奎  卢宝良  武彦朋  陈亮 《湿地科学与管理》2012,8(1):30-33

重金属污染是当今土壤污染中影响面最广、危害最大的环境问题之一。对青海湖典型湿地土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Fe、Mn 6种重金属元素的含量及分布特征进行了调查分析。结果表明:青海湖湿地土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Fe、Mn 6种重金属元素的平均含量分别为16.34μg/g、46.82μg/g、15.65μg/g、58.49μg/g、14.57mg/g和33.08μg/g;青海湖区南北两岸典型湿地土壤重金属含量存在明显的空间差异。南北两岸样带上表层土壤Cu、Cr、Fe的含量变化均呈"W"形,Zn仅在青海湖北岸样带表现出"W"形,Mn元素含量在400m处为最低点,Pb没有表现出明显的变化特征;Cu、Zn、Pb 3种元素含量呈极显著相关,说明青海湖湿地土壤重金属污染有一定的同源性。  相似文献   

江苏凤凰岛湿地公园主题旅游项目策划浅析     

孙化蓉  郭司成  陈昊 《湿地科学与管理》2012,8(2):9-11

湿地保护和旅游需要共存共发展。凤凰岛湿地公园旅游项目策划充分考虑湿地的自然资源、人文历史优势、农业产业现状以及独特的区位优势,将湿地公园旅游策划为三大主题群,并将保护、恢复、宣传、教育等贯穿到旅游行为当中,使得湿地旅游质朴化,实现旅游与保护融合发展。  相似文献   

环青海湖湿地调查与遥感分类   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郝美玉  王学志  侯元生 《湿地科学与管理》2012,8(2):41-44

环青海湖湿地面积较大、类型丰富,是青海湖野生动物的重要栖息生境。利用遥感技术进行影像分类,并结合实地调查,建立环青海湖湿地资源分类系统,对该区域湿地资源的现状与分布特征进行研究。该区现有湿地4588.8352km2,以湖体为主。湿地类型有沼泽湿地、湖泊湿地和河流湿地,都为天然湿地,有河口湿地、湖滨湿地、盐碱化沼泽、季节性漫滩、沼泽、淡水湖泊、湖体(咸水湖泊)、河流8个亚类。结合环青海湖湿地的地貌特征、水文特征、植被类型以及生物状况,对青海湖典型湿地的成因和分布特点进行了详细描述,为青海湖湿地研究和保护提供依据。  相似文献   

白洋淀南支水资源及入淀水量研究     

李娜 《地下水》2009,31(6):74-78

自进入60年代以来,白洋淀入淀水量越来越少。不断减少的入淀水量已经严重影响了白洋淀的生态、社会等效益。主要是对白洋淀南支水资源量及南支入淀水量方面做了一些分析和计算,此次分析和计算主要是以水文学和水资源学的基本原理为基础,结合调查到的多年各项用水量的详实资料,应用分项调查法、泰森多边形法、典型年法、频率分析法,得出了白洋淀南支水资源量,南支入淀水量,南支水资源的状况对南支入淀水量的影响及入淀水量的变化规律。  相似文献   

Wetland conservation: Change and fragmentation in Trinidad’s protected areas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cerian Gibbes  Jane Southworth 《Geoforum》2009,40(1):91-104

Conservation efforts often neglect the importance of monitoring of protected areas, which is key to adaptively managing dynamic landscapes. In many developing countries, like Trinidad, protected areas are set aside as a result of an agreement with an international conservation organization, often resulting in inadequate planning and monitoring of the protected area. Monitoring of protected areas allows for an examination of the conservation scheme implemented and enables improved conservation decisions to be made. The research presented provides an example of the use of technology in monitoring conservation strategies in two protected wetlands, Caroni and Nariva, in Trinidad. Remote sensing and fragmentation analyses are used to quantify land cover change within these two protected wetlands. Results show that the classification of Caroni immediately identifies a shift towards anthropogenic land cover types, suggesting an increase in human activity within the park. This finding is further supported by the continuous measures used, such as decreases in mean NDVI and greenness values suggesting a decrease in the amount or health of the vegetation. While the classification of Nariva suggests a return to natural land covers, the continuous measures of land cover change indicate the opposite. Land cover change analyses are limited in Trinidad and in the Caribbean in general, partly due to satellite data availability, thus this research presents remote sensing and landscape fragmentation analyses as new tools for monitoring land cover change and conservation effectiveness in Trinidad.  相似文献   

Late Holocene vegetation in the Azraq Wetland Reserve, Jordan     

Wallace B. Woolfenden  Linah Ababneh 《Quaternary Research》2011,76(3):345-351

Shifts in aquatic and terrestrial vegetation associations and hydrology during the past > 3100 yr are indicated by the pollen and sediment sequences in a core retrieved from the Azraq wetland, Jordan. The pollen sequence provides evidence for a relatively stable wetland during the period of study until ca. AD 1400 when the wetland apparently declined as desert shrubland expanded. Springs continually supplied fresh water that maintained the shallow pools and marsh. In periods of increased winter precipitation, runoff from the surrounding wadis may have inundated the wetland and deposited silts and clays. During dryer episodes the influx of winter storm water would have been much less but the springs would have still provided water to the wetland and deposited peat. This is shown by the sequences of clay, silty and sandy clay loam, and peat in the core.  相似文献   

Global distribution of natural freshwater wetlands and rice paddies,their net primary productivity,seasonality and possible methane emissions   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

I. Aselmann  P. J. Crutzen 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,8(4):307-358

A global data set on the geographic distribution and seasonality of freshwater wetlands and rice paddies has been compiled, comprising information at a spatial resolution of 2.5° by latitude and 5° by longitude. Global coverage of these wetlands total 5.7×10⁶ km² and 1.3×10⁶ km², respectively. Natural wetlands have been grouped into six categories following common terminology, i.e. bog, fen, swamp, marsh, floodplain, and shallow lake. Net primary productivity (NPP) of natural wetlands is estimated to be in the range of 4–9×10¹⁵ g dry matter per year. Rice paddies have an NPP of about 1.4×10¹⁵ g y^–1. Extrapolation of measured CH₄ emissions in individual ecosystems lead to global methane emission estimates of 40–160 Teragram (1 Tg=10¹² g) from natural wetlands and 60–140 Tg from rice paddies per year. The mean emission of 170–200 Tg may come in about equal proportions from natural wetlands and paddies. Major source regions are located in the subtropics between 20 and 30° N, the tropics between 0 and 10° S, and the temperate-boreal region between 50 and 70° N. Emissions are highly seasonal, maximizing during summer in both hemispheres. The wide range of possible CH₄ emissions shows the large uncertainties associated with the extrapolation of measured flux rates to global scale. More investigations into ecophysiological principals of methane emissions is warranted to arrive at better source estimates.  相似文献   

Distribution of wetlands and salt lakes in the Yadong region of Tibet based on remote sensing,and their geo-climatic environmental changes     

《China Geology》2022,5(4):637-648

Based on the 16 scenes GF-1 satellite multi-spectral remote sensing images, through the adoption of data processing methods including orthorectification, geometric rectification, data fusion and image mosaic, integrated with field surveys, the remote sensing interpretation signs for the inland wetland types have been built, and the remote sensing survey of inland wetlands in Yadong region has been initiated, with six types of inland wetlands recognized in Yadong region, namely permanent rivers, seasonal rivers, lakes, salt lakes, alpine meadows, and inundated land. The spatial distribution characteristics and the spreading rules of these wetlands have also been revealed. Based on full understanding of the overall characteristics of the inland wetlands in the Yadong region, using the three phases of TM images acquired in 1989, 2003 and 2008 as well as the PMS2 data gathered by GF-1 in 2014, and the wide-range data (WFV3) gathered by GF-1 in 2020. As to the typical salt lakes, a long- time salt lakes transition study was carried out. The results show that the typical salt lakes in Yadong have been shrinking in the past three decades. The average annual shrinkage of Duoqing Co (Co means lake in Tibetan) was stronger than that of Gala Co, which are respective 87.30 hectares (usually short as ha; 1 ha equals to 0.01 km²) /a and 24.20 ha/a; the shrinkage degree of Gala Co was higher than that of Duoqing Co, shrank by 59.27% and 35.73% respectively. Based on the remote sensing survey results and an integrated analysis of the predecessors’ researchers, the reason for the shrinkage of the salt lakes is more inclined to geological factors. Geological process is manifested by a series of extensional faults at the bottom of the lake basin generated from tectonic activities, providing fluid infiltration channels, and inducing the eventual leakage of lake water to the lower strata. The result provides an important instance for understanding the evolution characteristics of wetlands and salt lakes in specific environment of the Tibetan Plateau.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献