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341.
Three‐dimensional texture of natural pseudotachylyte: Pseudotachylyte formation mechanism in hydrous accretionary complex 下载免费PDF全文
Yohei Hamada Gaku Kimura Jun Kameda Asuka Yamaguchi Mari Hamahashi Rina Fukuchi Yujin Kitamura Shin'ya Okamoto 《Island Arc》2018,27(2)
Melt‐origin pseudotachylyte is the most reliable seismogenic fault rock. It is commonly believed that pseudotachylyte generation is rare in the plate subduction zone where interstitial fluids are abundant and can trigger dynamic fault‐weakening mechanisms such as thermal pressurization. Some recent studies, however, have discovered pseudotachylyte‐bearing faults in exhumed ancient accretionary complexes, indicating that frictional melting also occurrs during earthquakes in subduction zones. To clarify the pseudotachylyte generation mechanism and the variation of slip behavior in the plate subduction zone, a pseudotachylyte found in the exhumed fossil accretionary complex (the Shimanto Belt, Nobeoka, Japan) was re‐focused and microscopic and three‐dimensional observations of the pseudotachylyte‐bearing fault were performed based on optical, electron, and X‐ray microscope images. Based on the patterns contained in the fragment, the pseudotachylyte is divided into four domains, although no clear domain boundaries or layering structures are not found. Three‐dimensional observation also suggests that the pseudotachylyte were fragmented or isolated by cataclasite or carbonate breccia. The pseudotachylyte was rather injected into the surrounding carbonate breccia, which is composed of angular fragments of the host rock and a matrix of tiny crystalline carbonate. The pseudotachylyte volume was extracted from the X‐ray microscope image and the heat abundance consumed by the pseudotachylyte generation was estimated at 2.18 MJ/m2, which can be supplied during a slip of approximately 0.5 m. These observations and calculations, together with the results of the previous investigations, suggest hydrofracturing and rapid carbonate precipitation that preceded or accompanied the frictional melting. Dynamic hydrofracturing during a slip can be caused by rapid fluid pressurization, and can induce abrupt decrease in fluid pressure while drastically enhancing the shear strength of the shear zone. Consequently, frictional heating would be reactivated and generate the pseudotachylyte. These deformation processes can explain pseudotachylyte generation in hydrous faults with the impermeable wall rock. 相似文献
342.
邢台地区新近沉积粉质粘土的土性分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以邢台地区新近沉积粉质粘土为例,对其土性进行分析,介绍了其在SEM下观察及X-射线衍射分析结果;并对该土的地基评价与处理方法进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Degradations of reactive brilliant red X‐3B solution by both conventional UV irradiation and microwave electrodeless UV irradiation were investigated. Degradation processes were studied by UV–VIS spectrophotometry, total organic carbon (TOC), high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE), conductivity, pH value, and ion chromatography. The results of color removal (%) and TOC removal (%) showed that the degradation by microwave electrodeless UV irradiation was more effective than by conventional UV irradiation. The results of UV–VIS absorption spectra and HPCE analyses indicated that the degradation of reactive brilliant red X‐3B was occurred at the conjugation system first, the benzene ring and the naphthalene ring later. The reactive brilliant red X‐3B was cleaved into some new small compounds and eventually most of the organic substances were mineralized to CO2 and H2O. The results of the conductivity analysis suggested that the degradation has mainly occurred in the first 40 min of reaction. The pH value of reactive brilliant red X‐3B solution was decreased first and then was increased. The results of inorganic anions analysis hinted that many of the N, Cl, and S elements from reactive brilliant red X‐3B were still attached in organic molecules. 相似文献
347.
介绍了X射线荧光法工作原理及其在金矿勘查的物理基础和寻找金矿依据,通过在桂北金矿区勘查的应用,表明了该方法可缩小找金矿的靶区,确定隐伏金矿体位置,划分金矿体的边界,达到缩短找矿周期的目的. 相似文献
348.
E. Trbert 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2012,333(4):297-300
The intensity patterns of some Rydberg line series in the X‐ray spectra of foil‐excited fast ion beams bear a resemblance to patterns seen with SN remnants or after charge exchange (CX). Closer scrutiny of the ion‐foil interaction process reveals why this is no more than a chance resemblance, because the underlying processes are very different. However, electron beam ion traps are suitable for CX observations (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
349.
M.R. Collier F.S. Porter D.G. Sibeck J.A. Carter M.P. Chiao Dj. Chornay T. Cravens M. Galeazzi J.W. Keller D. Koutroumpa K. Kuntz A.M. Read I.P. Robertson S. Sembay S. Snowden N. Thomas 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2012,333(4):378-382
We describe current progress in the development of a prototype wide field‐of‐view soft X‐ray imager that employs Lobster‐eye optics and targets heliophysics, planetary, and astrophysics science. The prototype will provide proof‐of‐concept for a future flight instrument capable of imaging the entire dayside magnetosheath from outside the magnetosphere. Such an instrument was proposed for the ESA AXIOM mission (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
350.
K. Dennerl C.M. Lisse A. Bhardwaj D.J. Christian S.J. Wolk D. Bodewits T.H. Zurbuchen M. Combi S. Lepri 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2012,333(4):324-334
While X‐ray astronomy began in 1962 and has made fast progress since then in expanding our knowledge about where in the Universe X‐rays are generated by which processes, it took one generation before the importance of a fundamentally different process was recognized. This happened in our immediate neighborhood, when in 1996 comets were discovered as a new class of X‐ray sources, directing our attention to charge exchange reactions. Charge exchange is fundamentally different from other processes which lead to the generation of X‐rays, because the X‐rays are not produced by hot electrons, but by ions picking up electrons from cold gas. Thus it opens up a new window, making it possible to detect cool gas in X‐rays (like in comets), while all the other processes require extremely high temperatures or otherwise extreme conditions. After having been overlooked for a long time, the astrophysical importance of charge exchange for the generation of X‐rays is now receiving increased general attention. In our solar system, charge exchange induced X‐rays have now been established to originate in comets, in all the planets from Venus to Jupiter, and even in the heliosphere itself. In addition to that, evidence for this X‐ray emission mechanism has been found at various locations across the Universe. Here we summarize the current knowledge about solar system X‐rays resulting from charge exchange processes (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献