独山港表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险的Monte Carlo模拟          下载免费PDF全文

陈德慧  许恒韬  钱健  周青松  宋伟华 《海洋学研究》2016,34(2):65-74

基于沉积物重金属污染风险评估系统的不确定性和随机性,采用Monte Carlo模拟技术定量刻画沉积物重金属含量数据分布特征,并通过与潜在生态风险指数法的综合集成,评估了独山港海域表层沉积物重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg和As)的潜在生态风险水平。结果表明,港区中Cu、Pb和Zn为中等污染,Cd、Cr、Hg和As为轻微污染;综合污染指数C_d处于轻微污染的概率为38.32%,处于中等污染的概率为61.68%。所有7种重金属污染程度以及潜在生态风险指数RI均为轻微级。敏感性分析表明,Cu、Zn和Cr对C_d和RI起主导作用。  相似文献   

新疆阿拉山口区域现代物流产业发展分析   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2  

刘海燕  张小雷  杨德刚  师晓玲  邓峰 《干旱区地理》2005,28(3):404-408

研究新疆西部阿拉山口区域物流活动,分析该区域发展物流产业的优势所在,着重分析论述该区域在地缘区位、物流腹地和市场、国际人通道以及与中亚五国产业互补等方面发展现代物流的优势所在,并找出组织发展阿拉山口现代物流的制约因素,最后针对制约该区域发展现代物流的因素,提出促进该区域发展现代物流的一些措施。从而起到促进该区域物流产业作为主导产业的发展,促成今后阿拉山口区域物流产业的规模化、一体化、集约化的发展。同时,这对优化新疆沿边产业结构、区域物流经济发展有借鉴作用。  相似文献   

Container ports,local benefits and transportation worker earnings     

Peter V. Hall 《GeoJournal》2009,74(1):67-83

Over the past 50 years, containerization has both enabled and reflected the articulation of increasingly concentrated and complex global trade flows. Once close infrastructural, economic and institutional ties between seaports and port cities have been loosened, since major ports now serve producers and consumers in widely dispersed hinterlands. This process has been especially intense in North America, where west coast ports serve markets across the continent. At the same time, many of the external costs of increased port activity are incurred in port cities. Hence, questions about the changing nature of employment in port and related goods-handling sectors have become increasingly important for understanding the share of economic benefits received by port cities. This paper focuses on the effects of containerization, and related changes in transportation regulation, on port-logistics worker earnings in major United States port cities since 1975. A difference-in-differences framework is used to examine the relative annual earnings of dock, trucking and warehouse workers in major container port cities. The analysis shows that, with notable exceptions, port-logistics worker earnings in major container ports are not necessarily higher than those of comparable workers. The findings provide further insights into the strained relationship between seaports and port cities in the era of containerization and economic globalization.

Peter V. HallEmail:

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Abatement of air pollution at an aegean island port utilizing shore side electricity and renewable energy     

《Marine Policy》2017

The air pollutant emissions of the ships at port represent a small percentage of the overall emissions from shipping however they are concentrated in a small area. In Mytilene, Lesvos, the port is located within the city limits, resulting in air pollution, congestion and noise, especially during the tourist season. The aim of this study is to estimate the quantities of particulate matter and CO₂ emitted by ships in the port of Mytilene and to explore the potential of shore side electricity to reduce the emissions. The emissions were estimated using the bottom–up methodology, based on the activity of the ships in the port (berthing, maneuvering). Simulation of renewable energy sources was made using Homer Energy microgrid simulation software. The results showed that between the 10th and 20th of August 2012, there were 40 calls of passenger ships, tankers and bulk carriers in the port of Mytilene, emitting 441 kg of PM₁₀ and 282 metric tonnes of CO2. About 63% of PM₁₀ and 77% of CO₂ were emitted at the berthing phase and the remaining during the maneuvering. These emissions could be reduced by providing electricity to the ships from a hybrid renewable energy system with wind turbines and photovoltaics, connected to the grid. Simulations showed that the total energy requirements of the ships in the port of Mytilene could be covered by four 1.5 MW wind turbines combined with a 5 MW photovoltaics. With this configuration, renewable energy will exceed the ships' electricity needs for most of the time in order not to increase the power station's load. The excess energy could be fed to the islands' grid, so a costly battery storage system is not necessary to handle the variations of alternative energy. In this way, a considerable reduction of the CO₂ and PM₁₀ emissions by the ships in the port occurs, providing a viable solution for a cleaner and healthier environment.  相似文献   

Seafarers' access to jurisdictions over labour matters     

《Marine Policy》2017

The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 outlines a framework for states to enforce jurisdiction over maritime labour matters, including the Flag State, Port State and Labour Supplying State. However, the Convention does not provide explicit guidance on jurisdiction determination. This article argues that seafarers should have the right to access the jurisdictions of member states, and that future amendment to the Convention should confirm this right. This paper first analyses current theories of maritime labour jurisdiction. Secondly, it conducts a comparative doctrinal analysis regarding adjudicative jurisdiction principles in common law and civil law systems. Thirdly, in three case studies involving concurrence jurisdictions of member states, this article finds that the authority of any single member state is not reliably accessible to seafarers, in particular when the state has no strong link with the seafarers. This article recommends that seafarers’ rights in the Convention to choose one jurisdiction from relevant member states should be confirmed in a future amendment.  相似文献   

The Panama Ship Registry: 1917–2017     

《Marine Policy》2017

The Panama Ship Registry has its origins in the year 1917. Nowadays, Panama has the largest vessel registry in the world. The second placed registry in the world ranking is Liberia, which does not have even half the number of Panamanian ships. In this Centennial, the aim of this paper is to analyse the evolution of the Panamanian Registry, the structure of the Panamanian-flagged fleet and the level of compliance with international standards in relation to maritime safety and working conditions. To undertake the analysis, two different qualitative and quantitative approaches are compared and integrated for the evaluation of the Panama Ship Registry: the degree of ratification and enforcement of the Conventions and Recommendations of the International Maritime Organization and International Labour Organization, and the results of Panamanian flagged vessels in inspections carried out within the major Port State Control Memoranda of Understanding. This paper fills a research gap by discussing an approach to the concept of flag of convenience and flag State, Panama is more an international registry, whose role is becoming less important from the points of view of safety or working conditions. The fleet performance evolution has been very positive as evidenced by the data presented in this article regarding Port State Control.  相似文献   

填海工程建设前后丹东港海域泥沙冲淤变化特征与成因分析     

王晓明  冯秀丽  田动会  姜波  姜建新  滕珊 《海洋科学》2017,41(9):41-49

利用近年来水深地形数据和2010年全潮水文观测资料分析了丹东港海域在填海工程建设前后的冲淤变化特征,并阐述了冲淤变化的成因,以对该类型海域海洋工程的选址和海洋环境保护等提供科学依据。研究结果表明,研究区海底在工程建设前除靠近大东作业区的岬角处冲刷较大外,其他海域整体冲淤厚度小于0.2 m/a。工程建设后海底冲淤格局发生重新分布,主要表现在工程南侧普遍冲刷和东侧航道内及西南侧海域的淤积。利用刘家驹公式计算了工程建设前后的航道回淤强度,计算结果表明:工程后A点年均淤积厚度减小了0.09 m,B、C点年均淤积厚度分别增加了0.02、0.19 m。Mike21数值模拟结果显示,工程建设改变了原来的流场,造成研究区冲刷悬浮的泥沙在潮流的作用下重新搬运与沉积,同时波浪场也因工程的影响下蚀海底的能力增强。  相似文献   

海上丝绸之路起点——泉州港岸线变化的遥感动态研究     

施婷婷  徐涵秋  王帅  方灿莹  林中立  王美雅  唐菲 《地球信息科学学报》2017,19(3):407-416

泉州港作为古代海上丝绸之路的起点,今天又成为21世纪“一带一路”的新起点。本文以泉州港1990-2014年共6期的Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像为数据源,综合应用遥感和GIS技术提取了泉州港的海岸线及海域变化信息,从海岸线的长度、变化速率、分形维数、海域变化面积和海域利用类型5个方面进行海岸线变化及其驱动力分析。研究表明：近24年来,泉州港海岸线长度增加了37.78 km,海岸线的形状总体稳定,但在局部有明显变化。海岸线变化导致的海域变化面积为68.02 km²,其中,建设用地(城市和港口建设)占用的比例最大,围海养殖也是一个重要的利用类型。但泉州港围填海新增面积的利用率不高,超过一半的围填海面积尚未被合理地开发利用。总的来看,新城区建设、临港工业产业兴起和农渔业发展导致了泉州港海岸线的变化。  相似文献   

A survey of antifoulants in sediments from Ports and Marinas along the French Mediterranean coast     

Cassi R  Tolosa I  de Mora S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(11):1943-1948

Due to deleterious effects on non-target organisms, the use of organotin compounds on boat hulls of small vessels (<25 m) has been widely prohibited. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) resolved that the complete prohibition on organotin compounds acting as biocides in antifouling systems should commence in 2008. As a result of restrictions on the use of organotin based paints, other antifouling formulations containing organic biocides have been utilised. This survey was conducted to assess the contamination of replacement biocides in the marine environment following the ban of TBT-based paints. Surface sediments samples were collected in the major ports and marinas along the France Mediterranean coastline (Cote d’Azur) and analysed for organotin compounds, Irgarol 1051, Sea-nine 211^TM, Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid and Folpet. Every port and marina exhibited high levels of organotin compounds, with concentrations in sediments ranging from 37 ng Sn g⁻¹dry wt in Menton Garavan to over 4000 ng Sn g⁻¹dry wt close to the ship chandler within the port of Villefranche-sur-Mer. TBT degradation indexes suggested that fresh inputs are still made. Among the other antifoulants monitored, only Irgarol 1051 exhibited measurable concentrations in almost every port, with concentrations ranging from 40 ng g⁻¹dry wt (Cannes) to almost 700 ng g⁻¹dry wt (Villefranche-sur-Mer, ship chandler).  相似文献   

宁波舟山港主通道混凝土结构耐久性评估与维护技术     

李乐  方明山  王俊杰  李全旺  李克非 《海洋工程》2023,41(4):168-177

系统阐述宁波舟山港主通道跨海工程混凝土结构耐久性评估与维护技术。首先介绍宁波舟山港主通道工程概况及100年使用年限的总体要求;确定耐久性极限状态为海洋氯离子侵入引起的钢筋表面脱钝。针对此极限状态,建立了氯离子侵入过程的耐久性评估模型,确定了不同暴露条件下模型参数的统计规律;根据混凝土保护层厚度的现场实测数据和修正的暴露条件下氯离子扩散系数,对模型参数进行了更新;考虑施工阶段混凝土构件的耐久性附加措施,以某标段非通航孔桥为例,使用全概率方法计算了各类混凝土桥梁构件的失效概率和可靠指标;最终在混凝土构件耐久性评估的基础上,提出了某标段非通航孔桥各类混凝土构件的基本维护制度和维护周期。  相似文献