南极1∶5000地形图测绘关键技术及相关问题处理——以南极维多利亚地站为例     

徐敏  初启凤  阳俊  袁如金  周亮 《测绘工程》2016,25(1):73-76

从国家南极科学考察工作的实际需求出发,以南极拟新建站址维多利亚地1∶5 000地形图测绘为例,阐述进行南极特殊区域地形图测绘工作在数据获取及地形图测绘相关数据处理方面所遇到的问题,介绍南极特殊区域测绘与常规区域测绘生产的不同,以及在关键工序存在的问题及处理方法,为今后开展相关的地形图测绘工作提供技术依据。  相似文献   

大区域无人机影像数据的快速几何处理     

孙磊  郭海涛  李传广  李海滨  姜春雪 《测绘工程》2016,25(3):35-40

无人机遥感影像快速几何处理被广泛应用于灾害应急监测与评估、军事侦察等领域。针对目前多数商业软件所依赖的硬件平台成本昂贵、软件开发过程复杂等问题,面向通用硬件平台,提出一种大区域无人机影像数据的快速几何处理方法。对制约处理效率的各关键算法进行优化和改造,实现大区域无人机影像数据的快速几何处理;在影像连接点匹配、正射纠正和影像镶嵌的处理过程中,均应用基于多核CPU并行处理技术,提高整体处理效率。多组无人机影像数据处理试验表明,该方法能够大幅提高处理效率,对硬件平台要求低,具有推广应用价值。  相似文献   

无人机航测水域控制点布设方案的精度试验     

陈良浩  朱彩英  徐青  蓝朝桢 《测绘科学》2016,41(7):205-210

针对大面积水域航测控制点布设困难,成果精度难以保障的问题,该文重点研究了在其周边区域布设控制点的方法,提出采用密周边隔基线的区域网控制点布设方法,逐步增加控制点布设间距,减少控制点数量,优化区域网控制点布设方案。相比于传统航测区域网控制点布设方法,其需要的外业控制点则更少,而达到的成果精度相当,提高了经济效益。试验显示,控制点采用"密周边2~12条基线间距布设"可满足测制1∶500大比例尺地形图精度的要求。  相似文献   

Estimation of surface chlorophyll on an exposed mudflat using digital colour-infrared (CIR) photography     

R. J. Murphy  T. J. Tolhurst  M. G. Chapman  A. J. Underwood 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,59(4):625-638

The usefulness of field-based digital Colour-InfraRed (CIR) photography to quantify concentrations of chlorophyll on the surface of exposed mudflats is investigated. Multiple images, each 626 mm by 467 mm, were acquired during Austral summertime using a Duncantech three-band CIR camera from two areas of mudflat in the upper reaches of Sydney Harbour. Sediment samples were obtained from within the field of view of the camera and their chlorophyll concentration was estimated spectrophotometrically. After the camera images were normalised to compensate for the effects of variations in the intensity of downwelling solar radiation, chlorophyll was estimated for each 0.9 mm square pixel using a suite of five different vegetation indices. Regression analysis was used to determine the strength of the relationship between the index values and the estimates of chlorophyll from the in situ samples. Indices constructed from near-infrared and red bands were found to have the strongest relationships with in situ chlorophyll estimates (R² ranging from 0.28 to 0.79) and indices derived from near-infrared and green bands the weakest (R² ranging from 0.16 to 0.22). The vegetation indices highlighted complex small-scale variability in chlorophyll distribution that was not evident in the original camera images. These findings indicate that field-based CIR photography will provide a useful tool for the non-destructive determination of benthic chlorophyll.  相似文献   

Seasonal and inter-annual variation in occurrence and biomass of rooted macrophytes and drift algae in shallow bays     

J. Berglund  J. Mattila  O. Rnnberg  J. Heikkil  E. Bonsdorff 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,56(5-6):1167-1175

Submerged rooted macrophytes and drift algae were studied in shallow (0–1 m) brackish soft-bottom bays in the Åland Islands, N Baltic Sea, in 1997–2000. The study was performed by aerial photography and ground-truth sampling and the compatibility of the methods was evaluated. The study provided quantitative results on seasonal and inter-annual variation in growth, distribution and biomass of submerged macrophytes and drift algae.On an average, 18 submerged macrophyte species occurred in the studied bays. The most common species, by weight and occurrence, were Chara aspera, Cladophora glomerata, Pilayella littoralis and Potamogeton pectinatus. Filamentous green algae constituted 45–70% of the biomass, charophytes 25–40% and vascular plants 3–18%. A seasonal pattern with a peak in biomass in July–August was found and the mean biomass was negatively correlated with exposure. There were statistically significant differences in coverage among years, and among levels of exposure. The coverage was highest when exposure was low. Both sheltered and exposed bays were influenced by drift algae (30 and 60% occurrence in July–August) and there was a positive correlation between exposure and occurrence of algal accumulations. At exposed sites, most of the algae had drifted in from other areas, while at sheltered ones they were mainly of local origin.Data obtained by aerial photography and ground-truth sampling showed a high concordance, but aerial photography gave a 9% higher estimate than the ground-truth samples. The results can be applied in planning of monitoring and management strategies for shallow soft-bottom areas under potential threat of drift algae.  相似文献   

Is there evidence of increased pup production in northwest Atlantic harp seals, Pagophilus groenlandicus ?     

Stenson  G. B.; Hammill  M. O.; Kingsley  M. C. S.; Sjare  B.; Warren  W. G.; Myers  R. A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2002,59(1):81-92

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Historical Landscape Change in Yellowstone National Park: Demonstrating the Value of Intensive Field Observation and Repeat Photography          下载免费PDF全文

Judith l. Meyer  Yolonda Youngs 《Geographical review》2018,108(3):387-409

Although transportation and outdoor recreation are well‐recognized aspects of national parks, few studies have explored these aspects from the perspective of human geography as a means of analyzing historical landscape change. This paper offers an innovative synthesis of methods for studying cultural landscape change over time through a case study of the historical geography of transportation, tourism, and outdoor recreation along the Howard Eaton Trail (HET) in Yellowstone National Park. We conducted research through a field course that combined repeat photography, archival research, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and traditional field methods. Results indicate that a combination of repeat photography and other methods can create an effective means of evaluating cultural landscape change; even short field courses provide opportunities for students and faculty to conduct collaborative research that provides powerful, multidimensional, situated‐learning experiences; and repeat photography creates datasets that may benefit future research and teaching.  相似文献   

Stream network expansion: a riparian water quality factor     

P. J. Wigington  T. J. Moser  D. R. Lindeman 《水文研究》2005,19(8):1715-1721

Little is known about how active stream network expansion during rainstorms influences the ability of riparian buffers to improve water quality. We used aerial photographs to quantify stream network expansion during the wet winter season in five agricultural catchments in western Oregon, USA. Winter stream drainage densities were nearly two orders of magnitude greater than summer stream densities, and agricultural land use was much more abundant along transient portions (e.g. swales, road ditches) of stream networks. Water moving from agricultural fields into expanded stream networks during large hydrologic events has the opportunity to bypass downstream riparian buffers along perennial streams and contribute nonpoint‐source pollutants directly into perennial stream channels. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Potential of time‐lapse photography for identifying saturation area dynamics on agricultural hillslopes          下载免费PDF全文

Rasmiaditya Silasari  Juraj Parajka  Camillo Ressl  Peter Strauss  Günter Blöschl 《水文研究》2017,31(21):3610-3627

Mapping saturation areas during rainfall events is important for understanding the dynamics of overland flow. In this study, we evaluate the potential of high temporal resolution time‐lapse photography for mapping the dynamics of saturation areas (i.e., areas where water is visually ponding on the surface) on the hillslope scale during natural rainfall. We take 1 image per minute over a 100 × 15 m² depression area on an agricultural field in the Hydrological Open Air Laboratory, Austria. The images are georectified and classified by an automated procedure, using grey intensity as a threshold to identify saturation area. The optimum threshold T is obtained by comparing saturation areas from the automated analysis with the manual analysis of 149 images. T is found to be highly correlated with an image brightness characteristic defined as the greyscale image histogram mode M (Pearson correlation r = 0.91). We estimate T as T = M + C where C is a calibration parameter assumed to be constant during each event. The automated procedure estimates the total saturation area close to the manual analysis with mean normalized root mean square error of 9% and 21% if C is calibrated for each event and taken constant for all events, respectively. The spatial patterns of saturation are estimated with a geometric mean accuracy index of 94% as compared to the manual analysis of the same photos. The patterns are tested against field observations for one date as a preliminary demonstration, which yields a root mean square error of the shortest distance between the measured boundary points and the automatically classified boundary as 23 cm. The usefulness of the patterns is illustrated by exploring run‐off generation processes of an example event. Overall, the proposed classification method based on grey intensity is found to process images with highly varying brightnesses well. It is more efficient than the manual tracing for a large number of images, which allows the exploration of surface flow processes at high temporal resolution.  相似文献   

免像控无人机航测技术在舟曲县立节北山滑坡-泥石流灾害应急处置中的应用     

周小龙  贾强  石鹏卿  何斌  郭富赟  胡文博  李攀龙 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2022,33(1):107-116

近年来,无人机航测技术在地质灾害防治领域广泛应用,特别是在突发性地质灾害应急处置中优势显著。免像控无人机航测技术能够快速获取测绘数据,跟传统航测方法相比,极大的节约了时间和人力成本。文中利用大疆精灵Phantom 4 RTK无人机,对甘肃省舟曲县立节北山滑坡-泥石流灾害进行免像控航测数据获取和处理。根据航测成果快速获取了滑坡形态特征、泥石流沟道特征等相关参数, 分析了滑坡变形迹象,并应用实地测量数据进行免像控航测精度评价分析。研究结果表明:滑坡形态特征、泥石流沟道特征、变形迹象均与实地相符,检核点精度满足《低空数字航空摄影测量内业规范》（GH/Z 3003—2010）数据生产规范,成果数据可用于灾害体变形特征分析、几何参数快速提取,辅助分析评估险情、灾情。对突发性地质灾害应急处置中无人机测绘数据的快速获取工作具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献