中国东部地区人为气溶胶影响东亚夏季风爆发和推进过程的数值模拟   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

邓洁淳  徐海明  马红云  江志红 《热带气象学报》2014,30(5):952-962

使用一个高分辨率的公用大气环流模式(CAM5.1)研究我国东部地区人为气溶胶对东亚夏季风爆发和推进过程的影响。结果表明,CAM5.1模式能很好地模拟出南海夏季风爆发前后大尺度环流的季节性转变。南海夏季风在中国东部地区人为气溶胶的影响下提前2候爆发,并且可能是影响1993年后南海夏季风提前爆发的重要原因。人为气溶胶使得低纬度地区的东西风分界线在5月中旬明显向东扩展,南海地区出现显著的西/西南风差值气流,同时赤道纬向西风提前向北增强。人为气溶胶中硫酸盐和黑碳气溶胶含量的季节变化通过改变大气的热力结构,影响我国东部地区大气低层环流场,减弱夏季风前期北上的西南风暖湿气流,而相反地增强了其盛期在华北地区的偏南风分量,造成东亚夏季风北边缘从5月上旬—6月初缓慢北移至长江中下游地区,而后在7月中旬加速向北推进,且到达的最北位置要偏北1个纬度。  相似文献   

三参数云微物理方案中气溶胶谱函数对云滴谱影响的数值模拟研究     

邓玮  孙继明  雷恒池 《气候与环境研究》2019,24(6):693-710

观测和分档方案的数值模拟都证明气溶胶的谱分布特征对云滴谱的演变有直接影响继而作用于降水的发展。目前广泛使用的总体双参数云滴谱方案因为表征云滴谱的预报量不足,在凝结过程中云滴谱呈不正常的拓宽现象。因此在参数化方案中,气溶胶谱对云滴谱的影响未有明确结论。中科学院大气物理研究所(IAP)云降水物理与强风暴重点实验室(LACS)新研发的三参数方案(IAP-LACS)通过增加的预报量克服了云滴谱的拓宽问题,提高了云滴谱模拟的准确性。为了研究在参数化方案中气溶胶谱分布特征对云滴谱的影响,本文采用新方案进行WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting mode)大涡理想性试验,验证了新方案中气溶胶对数正态谱函数中数浓度、几何半径和标准差3个参量对云滴谱演变的影响。针对3个参量的敏感性试验表明新的气溶胶活化方案和三参数云滴凝结增长方案能够描述气溶胶谱对云滴谱演变的影响规律:气溶胶数浓度对云滴谱影响最显著,数浓度越高活化生成的云滴数量越多,云滴半径越小,云滴谱趋向窄谱,气溶胶数浓度低时,云滴数量少、半径大。较大的几何半径使气溶胶谱向大粒径移动,导致大云滴生成,标准差对云滴谱的影响最不显著。  相似文献   

Impact of Different Aerosols on the Evolution of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer          下载免费PDF全文

SUN Dan  DUAN Min-Zheng  LV Da-Ren  WANG Pu-Cai  WANG Yong  ZHANG Xiao-Ling 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(2):82-87

The present work analyzes the effect of aerosols on the evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over Shangdianzi in Beijing.A one-dimensional ABL model and a radiative transfer scheme are incorporated to develop the structure of the ABL.The diurnal variation of the atmospheric radiative budget,atmospheric heating rate,sensible and latent heat fluxes,surface and the 2 m air temperatures as well as the ABL height,and its perturbations due to the aerosols with different single-scattering albedo (SSA) are studied by comparing the aerosol-laden atmosphere to the clean atmosphere.The results show that the absorbing aerosols cause less reduction in surface evaporation relative to that by scatting aerosols,and both surface temperature and 2 m temperature decrease from the clean atmosphere to the aerosol-laden atmosphere.The greater the aerosol absorption,the more stable the surface layer.After 12:00 am,the 2 m temperature increases for strong absorption aerosols.In the meantime,there is a slight decrease in the 2 m temperature for purely scattering aerosols due to radiative cooling.The purely scattering aerosols decrease the ABL temperature and enhance the capping inversion,further reducing the ABL height.  相似文献   

微脉冲激光雷达反演半干旱区气溶胶消光系数方法     

宋嘉尧  张京朋  曲宗希  张文煜 《中国沙漠》2015,35(4):971-976

利用位于甘肃省榆中县兰州大学半干旱区气候与环境观测站的微脉冲激光雷达2008年春季的有效观测数据,对微脉冲激光雷达在半干旱区应用时不同反演方法的差别、参数的选取以及反演结果的差异及可能出现的原因进行了讨论。认为Klett法和Fernald法均能反映出大气气溶胶垂直分布的空间和时间特征,且结果较为一致。在晴朗无云及沙尘天气时,两种方法对于低层大气气溶胶消光系数反演结果基本相同,在接近实际探测高度时结果差异较大。有云天气下,Fernald法对于低层气溶胶的消光系数的反演结果同Klett法相比较小,在接近实际探测高度时差异较大。实际应用中,在半干旱地区利用微脉冲激光雷达对气溶胶消光系数进行反演时,对于高层气溶胶的信息获取,采用Klett法更为合理。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐市不同区域PM_(10)的监测与分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

马丽云  曹磊  李杨  刘新春 《干旱区地理》2010,33(2)

针对2007年5月~2008年3月乌鲁木齐市PM10(吸入颗粒物)冬、春季节的大气污染情况,应用乌鲁木齐市三个监测点的空气污染PM10监测资料,采用PM10国家《空气质量标准(GB3095-1996)》重量法数据处理方法,对乌鲁木齐市不同区域的空气污染PM10进行监测分析,结果表明:(1)在采暖期PM10浓度变化为天山区沙依巴克区(以下简称沙区)新市区,而在非采暖期天山区PM10浓度略高于新市区和沙区,三个采样点PM10浓度基本一致;(2)影响PM10的主要气象因素是降水,夏季降水对PM10粒子浓度清除影响较大,冬季微量降雪日,逆温、高湿对污染物聚集的加剧高于微雪的清除能力;(3)2001-2007年乌鲁木齐地区API(空气污染指数)趋于下降趋势,与PM10变化趋势一致,说明乌鲁木齐地区的环境污染有所改善。  相似文献   

Characteristics of climate change in the “significant impact zone” affected by aerosols over eastern China in warm seasons     

XiaoHui Shi  XiangDe Xu  LiAn Xie 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(5):730-739

Through analysis of the distribution pattern and changing characteristics of atmospheric aerosols over the East Asia region during warm seasons in recent 20 a and beyond as well as their possible interactive relationship with a variety of meteorological elements, it is found that the high-value zone of aerosol optical depth derived from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), its significant negative correlation zones in terms of sunshine duration (SD) and surface air temperature (SAT) and its significant positive correlation zones with low-level cloud amount (LCC) are co-located in the South China region during warm periods. Based on this finding, the region is referred to as a “significant impact zone” (SI zone) affected by aerosols. Then, a comparative analysis is made on variation differences of observed SAT, SD and LCC, etc. in different regions. It is also found that the LCC is increased and the SD is decreased within the “SI zone” over eastern China during the warm season. These characteristics are more evident than those beyond the zone, while the warming trend within the zone is evidently weaker than that outside it. Studies show that since recent 20 a, under the influence of aerosols, the LCC tend to increase substantially with a clear decrease of SD and an unnoticeable warming trend within the “SI zone”. Comparing with the climate change beyond the zone, the difference is significant. Therefore, the effects of atmospheric aerosols on climate is possibly one of the contributions to the difference of climate change existed between the southern and northern parts of the Eastern China during a warm season. Supported by the International Sci-Tech Cooperative Project under the auspices of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (No. 2004DFA06100)  相似文献   

Meso-scale effects of tropical deforestation in Amazonia: preparatory LBA modelling studies     

A. J. Dolman  M. A. Silva Dias  J.-C. Calvet  M. Ashby  A. S. Tahara  C. Delire  P. Kabat  G. A. Fisch  C. A. Nobre 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(8):1095-1110

As part of the preparation for the Large-Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia, a meso-scale modelling study was executed to highlight deficiencies in the current understanding of land surface atmosphere interaction at local to sub-continental scales in the dry season. Meso-scale models were run in 1-D and 3-D mode for the area of Rondonia State, Brazil. The important conclusions are that without calibration it is difficult to model the energy partitioning of pasture; modelling that of forest is easier due to the absence of a strong moisture deficit signal. The simulation of the boundary layer above forest is good, above deforested areas (pasture) poor. The models’ underestimate of the temperature of the boundary layer is likely to be caused by the neglect of the radiative effects of aerosols caused by biomass burning, but other factors such as lack of sufficient entrainment in the model at the mixed layer top may also contribute. The Andes generate patterns of subsidence and gravity waves, the effects of which are felt far into the Rondonian area The results show that the picture presented by GCM modelling studies may need to be balanced by an increased understanding of what happens at the meso-scale. The results are used to identify key measurements for the LBA atmospheric meso-scale campaign needed to improve the model simulations. Similar modelling studies are proposed for the wet season in Rondonia, when convection plays a major role.  相似文献   

Mountain wave motions determined by the Esrange MST radar     

A. Réchou  V. Barabash  P. Chilson  S. Kirkwood  T. Savitskaya  K. Stebel 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(7):957-970

A European campaign of ground-based radar, lidar and optical measurements was carried out during the winter of 1996/1997 (28 December–2 February) to study lee waves in the northern part of Scandinavia. The participants operated ozone lidars, backscatter lidars and MST radars at ALOMAR/Andoya and Esrange/Kiruna, and an ALIS imaging system in Kiruna. The Andoya site was generally windward of the Scandinavian mountains, the Kiruna site on the leeward side. The goal of the experiment was to examine the influence of lee waves on the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs). This paper studies the radar data from MST-radar ESRAD located at Esrange [68.°N, 21.°E], i.e. in the lee of the mountains. We present three cases where strong lee waves were observed: in one case they propagated upwards to the lower stratosphere and in the other two cases they were trapped or absorbed in the troposphere. We examine the local waves and the direction and strength of the local wind using the radar, the synoptic meteorological situation using weather maps (European Meteorological Bulletin) and the synoptic stratospheric temperatures using ECMWF data. We observed that waves propagate up to the stratosphere during frontal passages. When anticyclonic ridges are present, the propagation to the stratosphere is very weak. This is due to trapping of the waves at or below the tropopause. We also show that the radar data alone can be used to characterise the different weather conditions for the three cases studied (through the variation of the height of the tropopause). The synoptic stratospheric temperatures in the three cases were similar, and were above the expected threshold for PSC formation. Lidar and visual observation of PSCs and nacreous clouds, respectively, showed that these were present only in the case when the lee waves propagated up to the lower stratosphere.  相似文献   

The effect of human activity on radiative forcing of climate change: a review of recent developments   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Keith P. Shine  Piers M. de F. Forster 《Global and Planetary Change》1999,20(4):70

Human activity has perturbed the Earth's energy balance by altering the properties of the atmosphere and the surface. This perturbation is of a size that would be expected to lead to significant changes in climate. In recent years, an increasing number of possible human-related climate change mechanisms have begun to be quantified. This paper reviews developments in radiative forcing that have occurred since the second assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and proposes modifications to the values of global-mean radiative forcings since pre-industrial times given by IPCC. The forcing mechanisms which are considered here include those due to changes in concentrations of well-mixed greenhouse gases, tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, aerosols composed of sulphate, soot, organics and mineral dust (including their direct and indirect effects), and surface albedo. For many of these mechanisms, the size, spatial pattern and, for some, even the sign of their effect remain uncertain. Studies which have attributed observed climate change to human activity have considered only a subset of these mechanisms; their conclusions may not prove to be robust when a broader set is included.  相似文献   

大气气溶胶的辐射与气候效应   总被引：34，自引：6，他引：34  

石广玉  王标  张华 《大气科学》2008,32(4):826-840

大气气溶胶的辐射与气候效应是目前全球气候变化研究的一个热点,也是一个难点问题。本文从介绍一些基本概念和科学问题入手,比较全面地回顾了我国,特别是中国科学院大气物理研究所建所以来有关方面的研究工作,重点在于探讨一些有待解决的科学问题。  相似文献