Disruption of Routine Behaviors Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill     

Vanessa Parks  Leah Drakeford  Michael R. Cope  Tim Slack 《社会与自然资源》2018,31(3):277-290

This paper frames the unfolding impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill as a process of lifeway disruption, analyzing the degree to which residents of spill affected communities were prevented from undertaking routine behaviors during the disaster. Special attention is paid to the influence of time, natural resource employment, and community sentiment. Drawing on data from the Louisiana Community Oil Spill Survey, the results show that people in the spill impacted region were prevented from engaging in routine behaviors, though this disruption has steadily decreased over time, suggesting a general trend toward recovery. Consistent with the renewable resource community concept, the results also show that those with ties to the fishing industry were more likely to be prevented from undertaking routine behaviors than were nonfishers. Finally, community sentiment is shown to ameliorate routine behavior disruption, thus, promoting resilience. Overall, these results challenge notions of monolithic paths to disaster recovery.  相似文献   

长江中下游地区1988—2010年遥感土壤湿度的时空变化          下载免费PDF全文

王国杰  娄丹  谭龚  任冉 《大气科学学报》2018,41(2):228-238

利用农业气象站观测资料对长江中下游地区1988-2010年遥感土壤湿度进行了验证,并与NCEP和ERA-Interim土壤湿度做了对比分析。研究表明,ECV遥感土壤湿度冬季平均土壤湿度最高,春季和秋季次之,夏季平均土壤湿度最低;这种季节性干湿变化与农业气象站观测资料一致。但是,NCEP和ERA-Interim土壤湿度再分析资料,则夏季平均土壤湿度高,春季和秋季次之,而冬季平均土壤湿度最低;这种季节性变化与ECV遥感土壤湿度和农业气象站观测资料呈反位相。就年际变化而言,ECV遥感土壤湿度与农业气象站观测资料和两套再分析资料均有较高的一致性,并在春季和秋季最高,尤其是在长江以北地区和长江以南洞庭湖、鄱阳湖两大湖区,相关系数达到0.7~0.9;而夏季一致性最低,相关系数仅为0.4左右。在研究时段,ECV土壤湿度在冬季明显增加,在夏季则有明显下降趋势。  相似文献   

Viable insertion in agribusiness value chains? Seaweed farming after Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) in Iloilo Province,the Philippines          下载免费PDF全文

Edo Andriesse  Zack Lee 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2017,38(1):25-40

This article provides one of the first academic assessments of upstream agribusiness value chain and rural livelihood challenges after the November 2013 Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan), which devastated many coastal communities in the central Philippines. Based on a survey and semistructured interviews among fisherfolk, seaweed farmers and other stakeholders in Iloilo Province, this article lays bare the limited viability of the seaweed value chain as a result of the recurring typhoon threat, other environmental pressures and an ineffective regional political economy. Since Typhoon Yolanda, the marginalized communities have depended on horizontal coordination and support from international civil society. The empirical results show that enhanced information dissemination and public sector cooperation are necessary for the seaweed value chain to become more inclusive. The results could also have a wider significance for rural development in other coastal areas in Southeast Asia, namely in the spheres of adaptive strategies amidst vulnerability, upstream vertical coordination and upgrading.  相似文献   

基于灾损定量识别的河南省冬小麦晚霜冻风险区划     

余卫东  胡程达  张轩宇 《气象与环境科学》2017,40(3):1-6

利用河南省30个农业气象观测站1981-2008年的冬小麦观测资料和气象资料,基于晚霜冻指数和灾度计算了河南省冬小麦晚霜冻发生概率和灾害程度。通过在WOFOST作物模型中增加霜冻影响过程,实现了晚霜冻灾损定量提取,建立了以晚霜冻危险性、暴露性和脆弱性为评价因子的风险评估模型,按照高风险区、次高风险区、中等风险区、次低风险区和低风险区5个等级标准进行了河南省冬小麦晚霜冻风险区划。区划结果表明:冬小麦晚霜冻风险程度较高的地区主要分布在河南省沈丘、卢氏和林州等地,其风险指数都在0.6以上;低风险区主要分布在伊川、巩义、信阳、南阳、太康、濮阳和杞县等地,风险指数都在0.2以下。  相似文献   

库区滑坡的次生灾害分析与研究——以藕塘滑坡为例          下载免费PDF全文

陈欢  廖景高 《探矿工程》2013,40(7):41-44

滑坡除直接成灾外,还会产生次生灾害,滑坡体落入江河中,可形成巨大涌浪,造成较大的危害。涌浪高度除受滑速、失稳体积、水深等重要因素的影响外,波浪的形成还要受水库地形、库面宽度、滑坡入库过程的持续时间以及滑坡体的宽度等因素的影响,尤其在峡谷地区更为显著,且波浪在传播过程中,还受到河谷两岸的阻碍、往返的折射以及波群的相互干扰或迭加等影响。以藕塘滑坡为例,在滑波局部失稳情况下采用潘家铮涌浪算法,计算和预测滑体冲入库区后的滑速和造成的涌浪高度,并且考虑了地震作用和滑坡前缘泡在水中所产生的阻力。  相似文献   

山东省栖霞市泥石流灾害的成生环境及危险性趋势分区评价     

田梅青  姜振泉  刘炜金  王经  许春莲 《地球科学与环境学报》2005,27(4):24-27

栖霞市是地质灾害多发区，主要地质灾害有泥石流、崩塌和滑坡，尤其是泥石流灾害频发，其形成主要受自然地理环境、地质条件和人类经济活动影响。因而在地质灾害调查成果基础上危险性趋势进行了分区评价，确定了泥石流灾，将泥石流的发育频度、面积密度和规模进行了分级，采用袭扰系数法对区内泥石流灾害的害的高危区、中危区和低危区，为泥石流灾害防治提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

一体化微信气象为农服务平台设计     

姚俊萌  单九生  余冬晖  蔡哲  郭瑞鸽  方朝阳  刘文英  杨爱萍 《气象科技》2016,44(3):387-391

一体化微信气象为农服务平台基于微信公众服务号"江西微农"进行二次开发,集天气预报、气象灾害预警、天气雷达、卫星云图等天气服务,病虫情报、农事指南、农业政策、农技推广等农业服务以及灾情互动、农情反馈、提问咨询等互动交流功能为一体,为用户提供了功能齐全、信息丰富、专业权威的气象、农业一体化综合服务。服务平台开发包括了"江西微农"后台管理系统,可以为省、市、县各部门管理员进行用户管理、消息推送、产品维护以及与用户交流提供方便易用的管理工具,显著减少业务维护工作量,实现省、市、县一体化管理,保障各项服务高效稳定运行。  相似文献   

山东省地质灾害信息管理系统建设与应用          下载免费PDF全文

赵菲  赵慧  刘妍芬  宋晓媚 《山东国土资源》2015,31(4)

山东省地质灾害较为频繁,为实现地质灾害适时查询功能,全面提升地质灾害防治能力,避免和最大限度的减轻地质灾害给人民生命财产造成的损失,建立山东省地质灾害信息管理系统具有十分重要的意义。系统采用了SOA体系架构,文章主要从基础数据库建设方面介绍了山东省地质灾害信息管理系统的建设过程,最后展示了系统的部分应用功能。  相似文献   

Major flood disasters in Europe: 1950–2005     

José I. Barredo 《Natural Hazards》2007,42(1):125-148

There is a need for comprehensive, standardised and georeferenced information on floods for political and economic decision-making. Relevant, accurate and up-to-date data is an important aspect for resource distribution, mitigation programmes, disaster monitoring and assessment. Despite this, there is a lack of spatial and thematic accurate global data for floods. In Europe, historic data on flood losses and casualties are neither comprehensive nor standardised, thus making long-term analyses at continental level difficult. In this article, we present a map and catalogue of the major flood events of the last 56 years in the European Union (EU), Bulgaria and Romania. This study is an effort to alleviate the lack of homogeneous and georeferenced information on flood disasters for large periods in Europe. The objectives of this paper are to identify and classify the major flood disasters of the last 56 years in the EU; to map the major flood disasters at pan-European scale with the support of a potential flood hazard map and ancillary GIS datasets; and to give a picture of the current situation for major floods in the EU on the basis of past events and current trends. The Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) of the Centre of Research on Epidemiology of Disasters in Brussels (CRED) and United States Office for Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) and NATHAN of Munich Re are two of the main public global databases for natural disasters. Information from EM-DAT and NATHAN on flood disasters producing more than 70 casualties and/or more than 0.005% of EU GDP in damage has been assessed for the production of the map and catalogue of major flood disasters in Europe.

José I. BarredoEmail:

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The trap of climate change-induced “natural” disasters and inequality     

《Global Environmental Change》2021

The purpose of the present paper is to disentangle the mechanisms that connect climate change-induced disasters, inequality and vulnerability by accounting for both directions of causality. We do so by means of a simultaneous equations approach on a panel of 149 countries from 1992 to 2018. The empirical analysis reveals that countries with higher levels of income inequality suffer greater damages when hit by a natural disaster. At the same time, inequality is found to increase the number of people affected by disasters. Our analysis discloses the existence of a vicious cycle that keeps some countries stuck in a disasters-inequality trap.  相似文献