Victims from volcanic eruptions: a revised database   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

J.-C. Tanguy  C. Ribière  A. Scarth  W. S. Tjetjep 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1998,60(2):137-144

 The number of victims from volcanism and the primary cause(s) of death reported in the literature show considerable uncertainty. We present the results of investigations carried out either in contemporary accounts or in specific studies of eruptions that occurred since A.D. 1783. More than 220 000 people died because of volcanic activity during this period, which includes approximately 90% of the recorded deaths throughout history. Most of the fatalities resulted from post-eruption famine and epidemic disease (30.3%), nuées ardentes or pyroclastic flows and surges (26.8%), mudflows or lahars (17.1%), and volcanogenic tsunamis (16.9%). At present, however, international relief efforts might reduce the effects of post-eruption crop failure and disease, and at least some of the lahars could be anticipated in time by adequate scientific and social response. Thus, mitigation of hazards from pyroclastic flows and tsunamis will become of paramount importance to volcanologists and civil authorities. Received: 3 August 1997 / Accepted: 10 April 1998  相似文献   

EVOLUTION LAW OF DRYNESS AND WETNESS IN KUNMING IN RECENT 300 YEARS     

严华生  谢应齐  赵筱青  曹杰  周传喜  罗兰仙 《热带气象学报(英文版)》1998,4(2):208-214

Using indexes of dryness and wetness in historical record over the recent recent years and rainfall data over the tatest century, the work involves itself with the study of climatological evolution of dryness and wetness. periodic variations of climate and interannual laws of variation. The discussion also covers the subjects of effects of El Nino. sunspot, predictors of general circulation on climatic variation of dryness and wetness. There arc main conclusions as follows: (1) The main cyclic variations of climate are 40 and 11 years in Kunming. the former being subject to that of El Nino and the latter to that of sunspots. They are two principal factors for periodic variations of dryness and wetness in Kunming. (2) A close relationship exists between interannual variations and general circulation factors for Kunming. The comprehensive influence as imposed by ENSO and allocations of W.C.E. patterns of circulation in the westerly are ma.tor weather and climate causes for the interannual variations of precipitation in Kunming.  相似文献   

陕西省城市气象灾害及防御          下载免费PDF全文

武麦凤  王旭仙  胡淑兰  刘欣 《山西气象》2004,(2):29-31

山西省农业气象情报系统通过采用VB语言以及在VB中应用Word完成了向Windows操作平台的移植，在功能上进行了进一步的完善，操作快捷、准确、方便，使有关服务材料的快速制作成为可能。达到预期目标。  相似文献   

农业气象服务潜在经济效益的理论评估方法初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张云惠  王勇 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2004,27(1):22-24

气象科技服务的效益问题，一直是气象学界关心的问题之一。然而，天气预报与生俱来的一个特点就是其产品具有它固有的不确定性，探讨农业气象科技服务经济效益的理论方法，无论是对于提高气象科技服务的社会经济效益，还是对于提高气象部门的自身经济效益都显得十分重要。本文采用离散模式和概率统计等方法对农业气象决策服务潜在经济效益的理论评估方法进行了初步探讨，并以一些个例进行说明。  相似文献   

The influences of the tectonic subsidence and the siltation on the situation of preventing flood disasters in the Dongting Lake area     

LAI Hongzhou  MO Duowen 《地理学报》2004,14(2):226-234

With the long-term data of the geodetic sea level measurements undertaken in the Dongting Basin and the recent sediment data of Dongting Lake, we analyze the tectonic subsidence rate of the Dongting Basin and the sedimentary rate of Dongting Lake. From the point of view of geomorphology and hydrogeology, we distinguish the two different spatial concepts between "the basin of Dongting Lake" and "the Dongting Basin". Then, we discuss the influences of the tectonic subsidence and the siltation on the levees and the space of storing flood. The better quality of levees is required due to the tectonic subsidence and the siltation, and the difficulties of preventing flood disasters are increasing. The space of storing flood is not affected by the tectonic subsidence, but by the siltation. At present, the sedimentary rate of Dongting Lake is higher than the tectonic subsidence rate of the Dongting Basin. The tectonic subsidence capacity of the Dongting Basin counteracts a part of sedimentary capacity, and the shrinking tendency of Dongting Lake is restrained to a certain extent, but the tectonic subsidence is harmful to the situation of preventing flood disasters in the Dongting Lake area.  相似文献   

农业气象月报自动生成系统     

朱兰娟王小良  姜纪红 《气象科技》2004,32(5):381-383

为了方便农业气象人员编写农业气象月报，省去农业气象人员统计分析资料的时间，杭州市气象局自行设计和研制了“农业气象业务综合信息网”软件系统，该系统可以对农业气象月报资料进行自动处理，生成农业气象月报，月报材料可通过该系统传输到所属各站，实现资料共享。  相似文献   

山西断陷盆地带与灾害高风险区   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘惠敏  苏桂武  邓砚  高庆华 《地震学报》2004,26(4):440-447

山西省是我国地震、洪涝、气象和地质灾害及农作物生物灾害等众灾频发的地区.研究表明，山西断陷盆地带的形成与发展，为这些灾害的孕育发生创造了有利环境和条件，致使盆地地区成为山西地震、洪涝、气象和地质灾害及农业生物灾害等众灾频发，且相互作用、相互强化最严重的地区；加之盆地地区恰是山西人口、工农业生产和社会经济财产最集中的部位，两方面因素的共同影响，使得该地区成为山西最严重的灾害高风险区. 为了减轻山西省的自然灾害，保障其社会经济可持续发展，必须将盆地地区作为山西省的减灾重点区域，并进行综合减灾.   相似文献   

运城市农业气候特点分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

裴秀苗 《山西气象》2002,(3):17-20,31

对运城市的农业气候特点，主要气象灾害进行了统计分析，总结出主要气象灾害的发生规律和时空分布特点，根据农业生产的实际，针对各种气象灾害、提出切合实际、科学合理的防卸措施和生产建议，为地方部门合理安排农业生产提供科学依据。  相似文献   

广西矿产资源开发的环境问题与对策建议   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韦龙明  何国朝  谢世业  周奇明  张玲 《矿产与地质》2002,16(6):372-374,383

广西因矿产资源开发而引发的环境问题比较普遍，矿山乱采滥挖，人为造成许多地质灾害，矿山在开采，选矿过程中产生的“三废”，容易造成环境的严重污染，上述问题制约了矿山的可持续发展，通过对问题的分析，探讨矿山地质环境保护的对策，提出两点建议。  相似文献   

地球自然灾害发生原因初探     

刘祯 《吉林地质》2001,20(3):64-68

本文根据应力与应变原理对地球上自然灾害发生的原因进行了分析研究，根据灾害发生原因的不同，将其分为一般灾害和特殊灾害两种类型。本文还介绍了每种灾害类型的特点，危险及其相互关系，通过综合研究，掌握了地球上各种自然灾害发生的原因后，人类对各种灾害的预防工作就会变被动为主动。  相似文献