辽东湾北部海域营养状况与趋势评价   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

田金  宋伦  王年斌  周遵春  薛克  吴金浩 《海洋通报》2007,26(6):113-118

根据 1999-2006 年 6-8 月的调查数据,分析辽东湾北部海域的营养水平及变化趋势,以了解辽东湾北部海域营养水平的分布特点及污染状况.由 E 值和 CN/CP 值的总体评价结果来看,辽河口、双台子河口和大凌河口海域的富营养化程度较高,属于磷中等限制潜在性富营养区,而锦州湾海域污染相对较轻,属于中度营养区;在时空分布上,辽东湾北部海域 1999 年与 2006 年污染较为严重,中间年份污染相对较轻.针对辽东湾的具体环境用 CN/CP 值的评价模式更能揭示出营养盐限制对富营养化的影响.  相似文献   

两个同源地不同路径热带气旋的大尺度场对比分析     

舒锋敏  林良勋 《海洋预报》2007,24(4):102-108

本文利用NCEP/NCAR再分析格点资料,着重对8903号"BRENDA"和0601号"珍珠"两个同源地进入南海后不同路径的典型热带气旋的大尺度环境场进行对比分析。结果表明:西风槽的强弱和东移的快慢、西太平洋副高的形状变化和东退西进、冷空气的强弱和南下路径及热带气旋内部的不对称结构是造成二者移动路经差异的主要原因。另,印缅槽的变化也对其路径差异有一定的作用。  相似文献   

中国西部地区基于经验模型的土壤水分反演     

马浩  江涛  蔡玉林 《测绘科学》2008,(Z1)

地表土壤水分含量的时空分布信息是十分重要的,常常作为水文模型、气候模型、生态模型的输入参数,同时,也是干旱预报、农作物估产等工作的重要指标。被动微波遥感是监测土壤含水量最有效的手段之一。相比红外与可见光,它具有波长长,穿透能力强的优势。相比主动微波雷达,被动微波辐射计具有监测面积大、周期短,受粗糙度影响小,对土壤水分更为敏感,算法更为成熟的优势。目前,已研究出许多反演土壤水分的方法.本课题的主要内容是借助AMSR-E土壤水分影像数据、MODIS归一化植被指数(NDVI)影像数据和MODIS分类影像数据,利用ENVI软件进行遥感图像数据处理,运用统计分析方法建立NDVI与土壤水分的经验模型,研究中国西部地区稀疏植被覆盖区土壤水分的反演。  相似文献   

Calculating Pollution Indices by Heavy Metals in Ecological Geochemistry Assessment and a Case Study in Parks of Beijing   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

龚庆杰  邓军  向运川  王庆飞  杨立强 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2008,19(3)

Pollution index is a powerful tool for ecological geochemistry assessment. The commonly used pollution indices by heavy metals in soils and sediments were classified as two types of single index and integrated index in an algorithm point of view. Four single indices of contamination factor (or concentration factor), ecological risk factor, enrichment factor, and index of geo-accumulation were illustrated, and the reference values for calculating single indices were distinguished into background levels and threshold pollution values. Eight integrated indices were divided into two groups. One group is suitable for the normal distribution single indices including the sum, average, weighted average,vector modulus, and Nemerow pollution indices, and the other for log-normal distribution including the product, root of product, and weighted power product pollution indices. Using background levels as reference values, five contamination classes were divided, and the terminologies are suggested for the single and integrated indices to unify the assessment results. Software of EGAPI was developed in a single document interface to calculate the four single and eight integrated indices by heavy metals to assess the quality of soil and sediment ecological geochemistry. Pollution indices by heavy metals of Cu,Pb, and Zn in soils in parks of Beijing were calculated using EGAPI software, and these five contamination classes and terminologies suggested in this study were evaluated and used. Results ofintegrated indices of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils indicated that the soil qualities are unpolluted as a whole and varied from low polluted to unpolluted status from the center to the outskirts of Beijing City.  相似文献   

高空大气温度变化趋势不确定性的研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郭艳君 《地球科学进展》2008,23(1):24-30

IPCC第4次评估报告指出：近50年来,全球对流层温度趋于升高、平流层趋于下降;同时强调了研究结果中普遍存在的不确定性,造成不确定性的主要原因是原始资料、台站选取和不同均一化方法。从理论基础入手,系统地总结了国内、外近年来高空大气温度长期变化趋势的研究成果及其不确定性产生的主要原因,详细介绍了高空大气温度序列的质量控制和均一化方法,并对我国探空台站温度序列的不确定性进行了探讨。利用静力学方法进行质量控制,以最大资料缺测率30%作为序列取舍标准,用两相回归法和再分析序列均一化处理116个中国探空站高空温度序列。研究结果表明,1958年以来我国对流层中低层趋于升温,其中1980年以后升温尤为明显;而平流层下层显示降温。   相似文献   

长江中下游湖泊沉积物铅污染记录——以洪湖、固城湖和太湖为例   总被引：13，自引：8，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

姚书春  薛滨  朱育新  夏威岚  李世杰 《第四纪研究》2008,28(4):659-666

2002～2005年在长江中下游的洪湖、固城湖和太湖分别采集了沉积物柱样钻孔,测定了总有机碳（TOC）和金属元素包括Pb,Al,Fe,Ti等,并采用²¹⁰Pb和¹³⁷Cs进行了近代沉积物定年。研究结果表明,洪湖钻孔平均沉积速率为0.15cm/a,固城湖平均沉积速率在0.067cm/a,太湖平均沉积速率为0.35～0.41cm/a。根据湖泊沉积物中铅元素与参考元素（Al,Fe和Ti）浓度和TOC的相关关系建立了回归方程,线性关系极显著（p<0.001）。根据回归方程获取了钻孔中铅的背景值变化,研究表明近代沉积物中金属铅不仅仅来源于自然的作用,而人类活动导致铅的累积发生时间都在20世纪70年代,从一个侧面也说明利用沉积物铅含量变化进行断代存在可能性。对太湖钻孔而言,其污染程度要高于洪湖和固城湖。研究结果表明近30年来洪湖和固城湖人为造成湖泊沉积物铅累积量在不断增加,其沉积物铅污染有进一步加重的趋势,应受到科学家和管理部门的关注。  相似文献   

氮气、氧气和空气水合物的合成及其拉曼光谱特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘昌岭  业渝光  卢海龙 《现代地质》2008,22(3):480-484

在-20℃和不同的压力下,在实验室内分别合成了氮气水合物(16MPa)、氧气水合物(13MPa)和空气水合物(15MPa),并对其N—N和O—O键伸缩振动的拉曼光谱特征进行了研究。结果表明,人工合成的水合物中的N—N和O—O键的拉曼位移与天然的空气水合物中的数据十分接近。在氮气水合物和空气水合物中,N—N键的拉曼峰值均为2322.4cm-1;O—O键的拉曼峰值在氧气水合物和空气水合物保持一致,均为1547.8cm-1。空气水合物分解的拉曼谱图表明,它不是氮气水合物和氧气水合物组成的混合物,而是由氮分子和氧分子共同生成的单一水合物,氮分子和氧分子同时进入水合物的大笼和小笼中。与空气中的氮、氧比例相比,水合物中氧分子明显富集,氮分子和氧分子的比例为2.4∶1。  相似文献   

汞元素的石油地质意义     

李广之  袁子艳  庄原  江浩 《物探与化探》2008,32(2):143-146,185

油气中都含有汞元素组分,汞的物理化学性质决定其可以从油气藏中向上垂向运移,根据采样介质类型及样品预处理的手段不同,地表中汞的分析方法可分为壤气、热释汞及土壤总汞分析方法。壤气汞、热释汞及土壤总汞指标都有着很好的示油气意义,同时也有着示断裂带的地质意义。  相似文献   

Estimation of LAI and above-ground biomass in deciduous forests: Western Ghats of Karnataka, India     

Rangaswamy Madugundu  Vyjayanthi Nizalapur  Chandra Shekhar Jha   《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008,10(2):211-1

This study demonstrates the potentials of IRS P6 LISS-IV high-resolution multispectral sensor (IGFOV  6 m)-based estimation of biomass in the deciduous forests in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Regression equations describing the relationship between IRS P6 LISS-IV data-based vegetation index (NDVI) and field measured leaf area index (ELAI) and estimated above-ground biomass (EAGB) were derived. Remote sensing (RS) data-based leaf area index (PLAI) image is generated using regression equation based on NDVI and ELAI (r² = 0.68, p ≤ 0.05). RS-based above-ground biomass (PAGB) image was generated based on regression equation developed between PLAI and EAGB (r² = 0.63, p ≤ 0.05). The mean value of estimated above-ground biomass and RS-based above-ground biomass in the study area are 280(±72.5) and 297.6(±55.2) Mg ha⁻¹, respectively. The regression models generated in the study between NDVI and LAI; LAI and biomass can also help in generating spatial biomass map using RS data alone. LISS-IV-based estimation of biophysical parameters can also be used for the validation of various coarse resolution satellite products derived from the ground-based measurements alone.  相似文献   

基于MODIS数据的雪面温度遥感反演(英文)     

Ji Zhou  Yunhao Chen  Jing Li  Yan Tang 《地球空间信息科学学报》2008,11(4):247-251

On the basis of simplification of the Planck function in a low temperature range, this paper revises the practical split-window algorithm and presents a method for retrieving snow surface temperature （Ts） based on MODIS data in the middle-latitude region. The application of this method in Qinghai Lake region reveals that it is feasible for the retrieval of Ts. Results of correlation analysis indicate that there was strong negative relationship between Ts and altitude. By analyzing three typical areas in which land cover was relatively homogenous, this paper discusses the relationship between Ts and normalized difference snow index （NDSI） and then presents a new concept named ＂NDSI-Ts space＂.  相似文献