Seismic strain rates and distributed continental deformation in the northern Andes and three-dimensional seismotectonics of northwestern South America   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Freddy Corredor 《Tectonophysics》2003,372(3-4):147-166

Remote sensing and field studies of several extensional basins along the northern margin of the Gulf of Aden in Yemen show that Oligocene–Miocene syn-rift extension trends N20°E on average, in agreement with the E–W to N120°E strike of main rift-related normal faults, but oblique to the main trend of the Gulf (N70°E). These faults show a systematic reactivation under a 160°E extensional stress that we interpret also as syn-rift. The occurrence of these two successive phases of extension over more than 1000 km along the continental margin suggests a common origin linked to the rifting process. After discussing other possible mechanisms such as a change in plate motion, far-field effects of Arabia–Eurasia collision, and stress rotations in transfer zones, we present a working hypothesis that relates the 160°E extension to the westward propagation since about 20 Ma of the N70°E-trending, obliquely spreading, Gulf of Aden oceanic rift. The late 160°E extension, perpendicular to the direction of rift propagation, could result from crack-induced extension associated with the strain localization that characterises the rift-to-drift transition.  相似文献   

A gradient plasticity model for lüders band propagation     

H. -B. Mühlhaus  J. Boland 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1991,137(4):391-407

At the onset of plastic deformation some materials exhibit non-monotonic behaviour in that after initially yielding the flow stress decreases with continuing strain, passing through a minimum. Strain softening destabilizes homogeneous configurations and results in the formation of bands of localized deformation. Within these bands the macro and microscales of the deformation overlap and accordingly terms have to be included in the evolution equation for the plastic strain to provide the necessary information on the material's behaviour at the next smaller scale. In the model chosen here the evolution equation has the form of a reaction diffusion equation, whereby physically the diffusion term accounts for the nonlocal interaction between dislocations on neighbouring slip planes. The model predicts the band propagation velocity, the width of the propagation front and the strain profile.  相似文献   

考虑震相清晰度时的最优化定位方法     

聂永安  姚兰予 《地震地磁观测与研究》1993,14(2):1-6

在文献[1]的基础上详细讨论了各台站直达波初动震相清晰度存在差异时如何利用井下和地面观测资料联合确定震源位置、发震时刻及区域平均波速的最优化方法。理论和实际检验表明,对于一个台网而言,考虑各台站震相清晰度间的差异,会使定位主要依赖于震相清晰的台站的资料,而震相不太清晰的台站的资料只对定位起参考作用。从而提高了整个台网定位的可信度。  相似文献   

Effects of periodic fluctuations of micro‐polar boundary conditions on shear localizations in granular soil–structure interaction     

Babak Ebrahimian  Asadollah Noorzad  Mustafa I. Alsaleh 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(7):855-880

In this work, the interface behavior between an infinite extended narrow granular layer and a rough surface of rigid body is investigated numerically, using finite element method in the updated Lagrangian (UL) frame. In this regard, the elasto‐plastic micro‐polar (Cosserat) continuum approach is employed to remove the limitations caused by strain‐softening of materials in the classical continuum. The mechanical properties of cohesionless granular soil are described with Lade's model enhanced by polar terms, including Cosserat rotations, curvatures, and couple stresses. Furthermore, the mean grain diameter as the internal length is incorporated into the constitutive relations accordingly. Here, the evolution and location of shear band, within the granular layer in contact with the rigid body, are mainly focused. In this regard, particular attention is paid to the effects of homogeneous distribution and periodic fluctuation of micro‐polar boundary conditions, prescribed along the interface. Correspondingly, the effects of pressure level, mean grain diameter, and stratified soil are also considered. The finite element results demonstrate that the location and evolution of shear band in the granular soil layer are strongly affected by the non‐uniform micro‐polar boundary conditions, prescribed along the interface. It is found that the shear band is located closer to the boundary with less restriction of grain rotations. Furthermore, the predicted thickness of shear band is larger for higher rotation resistance of soil grains along the interface, larger mean grain diameter, and higher vertical pressure. Regarding the stratified soil, comprising a thin layer with slightly different initial void ratio, the shear band moves towards the layer with initially higher void ratio. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

宏观非均匀性对岩石微震序列类型和破裂方式影响的数值试验研究     

李宇彤  焦明若 《地震》2005,25(4):98-104

运用岩石破裂过程分析RFPA^2D系统．研究了岩石介质宏观非均匀性（含裂纹）对宏观力学行为和微震序列类型的影响。通过对5种不同岩石介质结构的宏观非均匀性样本进行破裂过程的数值模拟,发现非均匀程度不同会产生不同地震序列类型,主要有：前震-主震-余震型、主震型和震群型。此外,对5种不同均质度系数的岩石样本破裂过程的模拟。结果表明,岩石介质结构的宏观非均匀性不仅对岩样宏观强度和宏观变形非线性行为有显著的影响,而且也显著地影响试样破裂模式。随着非均匀程度的降低,主破裂呈现脆断模式,而随着非均匀程度的增加而呈现韧性破坏特征。  相似文献   

考虑塑性应变率梯度的单轴压缩岩样轴向响应   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2  

王学滨  潘一山  于海军 《岩土力学》2003,24(6):943-946

基于剪切应变率梯度格式,采用解析方式研究了岩石材料在单轴压缩条件下的应变软化的结构响应。根据非局部连续介质模型,提出了一维二阶剪切应变率梯度格式。非局部剪切应变率与局部剪切应变率及其二阶梯度有关。将经典塑性理论中的局部剪切应变率替换为非局部剪切应变率,可以直接得到局部剪切应变率的封闭解析解,而不必通过将局部剪切应变对时间求导获得。通过对局部剪切应变率积分,得到了沿剪切带方向的相对剪切速度。试件峰值强度后的端部速度由弹性及塑性两部分构成。前一部分由虎克定律描述;后一部分与相对剪切速度有关。对弹性及塑性两部分速度求和,得到了单轴压缩岩样剪切破坏问题轴向响应的解析式。研究表明：试样高度越大、内部长度越小、剪切软化模量越大及泊松比越小,则岩样的轴向响应倾向于脆性。根据岩样与矿柱的相似性,岩样响应倾向于脆性,意味着矿柱将失去稳定性,发生矿柱岩爆。目前的基于剪切应变率梯度格式的主要优点是简洁。  相似文献   

不同弹模时圆形巷道围岩的应变局部化数值模拟     

王学滨  王玮  潘一山 《地质力学学报》2011,17(2):200-210

利用基于运动方程求解的FLAC程序模拟了不同弹性模量时圆形巷道的应变局部化过程。在计算中, 采用了"先加载, 后挖洞"方式。模拟结果表明, 在弹性模量中等或较小的条件下, 由于开挖卸荷而产生的围岩向空腔内部的"涌入"(运动)现象比较明显, 进而围岩中诱发了较多的破坏、V形坑或短剪切带式破坏。在上述条件下, 基于静力平衡的解析及数值方法不再适用, 而且是偏于不安全的。弹性模量越小, 开挖之后, 围岩维持其均匀周向(或环向)变形的能力越差, 这种轴对称变形越容易被打破, 也被打破得越早。尽管随着弹性模量的增加, 破坏单元数的变化并不是单调的, 但是在总体上, 随着弹性模量的增加, 破坏单元数目降低, 最大剪切应变增量急剧单调下降。   相似文献   

弹塑性介质内的波速变化     

赵纪生  陶夏新  欧进萍  师黎静 《岩土力学》2008,29(1):149-154

应用一个具体问题展开了波在固体在弹性、弹塑性和应变局部化阶段的传播特性的研究。当经典本构计算到材料出现应变局部化时失效、控制方程出现分叉现象时,非局部效应本构描述得以继续分析,破坏过程变形进一步体现。本构内引入梯度项的贡献,以牺牲了特高频率( )特性为代价,增强了控制方程的稳定性。阻尼的影响复杂得多,考虑滞变阻尼、且仅与质量有关时,阻尼对控制方程的稳定性没有贡献。如果阻尼考虑为与质量和刚度联合相关时,阻尼对控制方程稳定性是有一定的贡献。  相似文献   

Curvature analysis as a tool for subsidence-related risk zones identification in the city of Tuzla (BiH)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Francesco Stecchi  Marco Antonellini  Giovanni Gabbianelli   《Geomorphology》2009,107(3-4):316-325

Shallow Miocene salt deposits located below the city of Tuzla (BiH) have been exploited during the last 60 years by means of wells extracting salt-saturated groundwater brines. The massive extraction activities have led to severe subsidence accommodated by collapse and strain localization. Surface topography and geomorphology have been influenced and modified by several faults and fractures.A series of sequential topographical survey data collected during the last 50 years have been used to obtain the total subsidence envelope surface. In order to analyze the salt dissolution-related morphological development of the Tuzla topography and to identify the location of faults and fractures in the deformed area, we applied curvature analysis to the subsidence surface by means of two different analytical methods: the directional, two-dimensional curvature and the analytic Gaussian curvature. The comparison of the curvature maps with those of surface fractures visible in the area shows a good spatial agreement between the directional curvature and fracture intensity, whereas the subsurface normal faults are more evident in the Gaussian curvature maps.  相似文献   

地质体材料剪切带内部的常剪切应变点及速度分布分析     

王学滨 《地震学刊》2009,(4):368-375

对于峰后线性应变软化的地质体材料,剪切带内部的总剪切应变等于弹性剪切应变（由经典弹性理论描述）及由微结构效应而引起的局部塑性剪切应变（由非局部理论或梯度塑性理论描述）之和。若剪切应力-塑性剪切应变曲线的斜率的绝对值（称之为软化模董）小于剪切弹性模量的两倍,则在剪切带的任一剖面内存在两个总剪切应变不依赖于剪切应力的点,称之为常剪切应变点。在这两个点上,弹性剪切应变的降低和局部塑性剪切应变的增加处于平衡状态,总剪切速度达到它的最大值或最小值。在两个常剪切应变点之间,局部总速度随剪切应力率的降低而增加。剪切带内部的局部总速度分布是非线性的,这与通常采用的剪切带内部速度的线性分布假定（忽略微结构效应）不同。  相似文献