Variations in melt supply along an orthogonal supersegment of the Southwest Indian Ridge(16°–25°E)     

Caicai Zha  Jian Lin  Zhiyuan Zhou  Xubo Zhang  Min Xu  Fan Zhang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(5):94-104

The orthogonal supersegment of the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge at 16°–25°E is characterized by significant along-axis variations of mantle potential temperature. A detailed analysis of multibeam bathymetry,gravity, and magnetic data were performed to investigate its variations in magma supply and crustal accretion process. The results revealed distinct across-axis variations of magma supply. Specifically, the regionally averaged crustal thickness reduced systematically from around 7 Ma to the present, indicating a regionally decreasing magma supply. The crustal structure is asymmetric in regional scale between the conjugate ridge flanks, with the faster-spreading southern flank showing thinner crust and greater degree of tectonic extension. Geodynamic models of mantle melting suggested that the observed variations in axial crustal thickness and major element geochemistry can be adequately explained by an eastward decrease in mantle potential temperature of about40°C beneath the ridge axis. In this work, a synthesized model was proposed to explain the axial variations of magma supply and ridge segmentation stabilities. The existence of large ridge-axis offsets may play important roles in controlling melt supply. Several large ridge-axis offsets in the eastern section(21°–25°E) caused sustained along-axis focusing of magma supply at the centers of eastern ridge segments, enabling quasi-stable segmentation. In contrast, the western section(16°–21°E), which lacks large ridge-axis offsets, is associated with unstable segmentation patterns.  相似文献   

基于地幔动力学模拟推断云南地区剪切波各向异性源的深度          下载免费PDF全文

朱涛 《地球物理学报》2018,61(3):948-962

地震各向异性与地幔对流导致的变形存在因果关系,因此地幔对流模拟可被用来预测地震各向异性,并推测剪切波各向异性地幔源的深度.本文建立了基于地震速度结构的地幔对流模型来预测云南地区剪切波分裂的快波方向,它同时受地表板块运动和地幔内部的温度扰动所驱动.通过与观测结果进行对比分析,推测在云南地区西北部和东部区域,剪切波各向异性源主要存在于岩石圈中.在西南部和四川盆地及其西缘,地幔流动可能是剪切波各向异性的主要贡献者,各向异性层分别位于210~330 km和170~330 km深度,导致西南部剪切波各向异性的地幔可能处于大幅度的剪切变形状态,而四川盆地及其西缘主要处于中等强度的剪切变形状态.  相似文献   

The role of overstrength on the seismic performance of asymmetric-plan structures     

Kaan Kaatsız  Halûk Sucuoğlu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(4):412-431

Uneven distribution of seismic demand in asymmetric-plan structures is a critical concern in earthquake-resistant design. Contemporary seismic design strategies that are based on linear elastic response, single load reduction factor, and uniform ductility demand throughout an asymmetric system generally lead to unsatisfactory performance in terms of realized ductilities and nonuniform damage distribution due to strong torsional coupling associated with asymmetric-plan systems. In many cases, actual nonlinear behavior of the structure displays significant deviation from what is estimated by a linear elastic, force-based seismic design approach. This study investigates the prediction of seismic demand distribution among structural members of a single-story, torsionally stiff asymmetric-plan system. The focus is on the effect of inherent unbalanced overstrength, resulting from current force-based design practices, on the seismic response of code-designed single-story asymmetric structures. The results obtained are utilized to compile unsymmetrical response spectra and uniform ductility spectra, which are proposed as assessment and preliminary design tools for estimating the seismic performance of multistory asymmetric structures. A simple design strategy is further suggested for improving the inelastic torsional performance of asymmetric systems. Providing additional strength to stiff edge members over their nominal design strength demands leads to a more balanced ductility distribution. Finally, seismic responses of several asymmetric case study structures designed with the aid of the proposed strategy are assessed for validating their improved performance.  相似文献   

基于不同模型的大型湖泊水气界面气体传输速率估算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

肖启涛  张弥  胡正华  肖薇  王伟  刘寿东  段洪涛  李旭辉 《湖泊科学》2018,30(3):790-801

气体传输速率是湖泊水—气界面温室气体交换通量的重要驱动因子,但其估算具有不确定性.本研究选择3种不同的参数化方程估算大型(面积2400 km2)浅水(平均水深1.9 m)湖泊——太湖水—气界面的气体传输速率,探讨大型湖泊气体传输速率的控制因子和变化范围,为估算模型的选取提供参考.结果表明,气体传输速率的两个重要参数风应力和水体对流混合速率存在夜间高、白天低的变化特征,因此气体传输速率也存在夜间高、白天低的变化特征.总体上太湖气体传输速率主要由风力控制,可以通过风速函数估算得到.太湖水—气界面气体传输速率的年均值为1.27~1.46m/d.因气体传输速率存在空间变化,单一站点参数化的模型可能不适合其他区域湖泊水—气界面气体传输速率的估算,但湖泊的面积可能是一个有效的预测因子.  相似文献   

使用跳跃扩散模型的咖啡价格期权定价（英文）     

Tesfahun BERHANE  Molalign ADAM  Guriju AWGICHEW  Eshetu HAILE 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(1):111-120

这篇文章旨在构建一个期权定价模型以减少与埃塞俄比亚咖啡价格波动相关的风险。我们使用从埃塞俄比亚商品交易所(ECX)获得的2011年5月31日至2018年3月30日期间记录的埃塞俄比亚每日(WSDA3)咖啡价格来分析其咖啡价格的波动。本文使用跳跃扩散模型对咖啡价格进行建模和期权定价,应用最大似然法估计模型参数,使用均方根误差(RMSE)来对模型进行验证。结果表明Merton和双指数跳跃扩散模型的RMSE值分别为0.1093和0.0783,模型模拟结果与实际数据非常吻合,说明采用蒙特卡罗技术得到的WSDA3价格来对期权定价时,双指数跳跃扩散模型比Merton模型更为有效。  相似文献   

扩散对流温盐台阶结构的数值模拟     

徐岩  刘香全  宋仁刚  岑显荣  郭双喜  周生启 《热带海洋学报》2019,38(1):11-18

热盐驱动下的扩散对流现象是海洋中高纬度海域普遍存在的一种现象, 对其进行数值模拟可更细致地研究海洋小尺度动力过程。文章分析了扩散对流的形成机制, 建立了二维方腔模型, 通过有限体积法求解控制方程, 对其分层现象进行了数值模拟。研究给出了流场的温度及盐度随时间演化的关系, 展现了流场中速度的涡旋结构, 分析了温盐台阶结构的生成、合并的演化过程, 并对其物质和能量的输运进行了初步的理论解释。另外, 对不同热流密度情况下的扩散对流现象进行了对比研究, 发现随着热流密度的增加, 台阶结构的演变速率变快, 而且上边界冷却对其演化速率具有促进作用, 但热流密度的改变并没有对台阶结构的演变趋势产生明显的影响。  相似文献   

用热成风螺旋度诊断强对流灾害天气     

胡润山 《气象科技》2008,36(1):15-19

对2006年7月中下旬由西太平洋地区生成,登陆我国,并对我国造成严重影响的强热带风暴"碧利斯"(0604号)和台风"格美"(0605号)的基本情况做了详细的总结,并基于武汉暴雨所AREM(Advanced Regional Eta Model)模式预报的700 hPa流场、900 hPa风场及降水量场,就模式对台风登陆时间、登陆地点、移动路径及其引发的附近最大风力和降水过程的预报情况做了分析.结果表明:"碧利斯"达强热带风暴强度,于7月14日12:50在福建霞浦登陆,后西行,造成位于21°N以北、28°N以南东西向的带状雨区,"格美"为台风强度,于7月25日15:50在福建晋江围头镇登陆,后西行,造成华东南地区近西南-东北走向的雨带,两台风给沿途及附近省份造成严重的气象灾害和人、财损失;AREM模式总体上对两台风附近最大风速,风雨带的基本位置、形态、走势、强度预报较好,对一些强降水中心的预报较为理想,但多数强中心的预报与实况存在位置和强度上的偏差;模式对于台风登陆时间和地点的预报较好,偏差较小,对于两台风西行走势的预报也基本符合实况,但也存在一定的预报位置偏差.  相似文献   

春末初夏异常环流对云南雨季开始期的影响     

刘瑜  赵尔旭  黄玮  朱勇  陶云 《干旱气象》2007,23(3):17-22

通过小波分析表明云南目前处于雨季开始期偏早的年代际变化中。2006(2005)年是云南雨季开始特早(晚)的异常年,把这2个雨季开始期相反的极端异常年进行对比分析,发现云南雨季偏早(晚)的4月主要环流特征差异是:200 hPa对流层东西风交界线比多年平均偏北(南);500 hPa中高纬环流有(不)利于冷空气南下;850 hPa北印度洋赤道纬向西风较常年偏强(弱),孟加拉湾南部苏门答腊岛附近的对流较常年偏强(弱)。  相似文献   

A multipoint study of a substorm occurring on 7 December, 1992, and its theoretical implications   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

N. J. Fox  S. W. H. Cowley  V. N. Davda  G. Enno  E. Friis-Christensen  R. A. Greenwald  M. R. Hairston  M. Lester  M. Lockwood  H. Lühr  D. K. Milling  J. S. Murphree  M. Pinnock  G. D. Reeves 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(11):1369-1384

On 7 December 1992, a moderate substorm was observed by a variety of satellites and ground-based instruments. Ionospheric flows were monitored near dusk by the Goose Bay HF radar and near midnight by the EISCAT radar. The observed flows are compared here with magnetometer observations by the IMAGE array in Scandinavia and the two Greenland chains, the auroral distribution observed by Freja and the substorm cycle observations by the SABRE radar, the SAMNET magnetometer array and LANL geosynchronous satellites. Data from Galileo Earth-encounter II are used to estimate the IMF B_z component. The data presented show that the substorm onset electrojet at midnight was confined to closed field lines equatorward of the pre-existing convection reversal boundaries observed in the dusk and midnight regions. No evidence of substantial closure of open flux was detected following this substorm onset. Indeed the convection reversal boundary on the duskside continued to expand equatorward after onset due to the continued presence of strong southward IMF, such that growth and expansion phase features were simultaneously present. Clear indications of closure of open flux were not observed until a subsequent substorm intensification 25 min after the initial onset. After this time, the substorm auroral bulge in the nightside hours propagated well poleward of the pre-existing convection reversal boundary, and strong flow perturbations were observed by the Goose Bay radar, indicative of flows driven by reconnection in the tail.  相似文献   

A new method to reconstruct the ionospheric convection patterns in the polar cap     

P. L. Israelevich  A. I. Ershkovich 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(6):743-748

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