The applicability of the N2 method to the estimation of torsional effects in asymmetric base‐isolated buildings     

David Koren  Vojko Kilar 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(8):867-886

The paper deals with the applicability of the extended N2 method to base‐isolated plan‐asymmetric building structures. The results obtained by the usual pushover analysis of a 3D structural model are further combined with the aid of linear dynamic (spectral) analysis to account for the dynamic effects caused by structural asymmetry. In the paper, the method has been applied to the seismic analysis of a mass‐eccentric four‐storeyed RC frame building isolated with lead rubber bearings. Three different positions of the center of isolation system (CI) with respect to the center of mass (CM) and the center of stiffness of the superstructure (CS) were considered. The response was analyzed for three different eccentricities, three different torsional to lateral frequency ratios of the superstructure, and two ground motion intensities. The stiffness of the isolators was selected for three different protection levels, which resulted in elastic as well as moderately to excessively damaged superstructure performance levels. The results are presented in terms of the top, base and relative displacements, as well as the stiff/flexible side amplification factors. A more detailed insight into the nonlinear behavior of the superstructure is given in a form of ductility factors for the flexible and stiff side frames. The results of the extended N2 method for selected lateral load distributions are compared with the average results of nonlinear dynamic analyses. It was concluded that the extended N2 method could, with certain limitations, provide a reasonable prediction of the torsional influences in minor to moderately asymmetric base‐isolated structures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The energy-cycle analysis of the interactions between shallow and deep atmospheric convection     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2013

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Investigating the Dominant Source for the Generation of Gravity Waves during Indian Summer Monsoon Using Ground-based Measurements     

Debashis NATH  CHEN Wen 《大气科学进展》2013,30(1):153-166

Over the tropics,convection,wind shear(i.e.,vertical and horizontal shear of wind and/or geostrophic adjustment comprising spontaneous imbalance in jet streams) and topography are the major sources for the generation of gravity waves.During the summer monsoon season(June-August) over the Indian subcontinent,convection and wind shear coexist.To determine the dominant source of gravity waves during monsoon season,an experiment was conducted using mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere(MST) radar situated at Gadanki(13.5 N,79.2 E),a tropical observatory in the southern part of the Indian subcontinent.MST radar was operated continuously for 72 h to capture high-frequency gravity waves.During this time,a radiosonde was released every 6 h in addition to the regular launch(once daily to study low-frequency gravity waves) throughout the season.These two data sets were utilized effectively to characterize the jet stream and the associated gravity waves.Data available from collocated instruments along with satellite-based brightness temperature(TBB) data were utilized to characterize the convection in and around Gadanki.Despite the presence of two major sources of gravity wave generation(i.e.,convection and wind shear) during the monsoon season,wind shear(both vertical shear and geostrophic adjustment) contributed the most to the generation of gravity waves on various scales.  相似文献   

GRAPES全球模式次网格对流过程对云预报的影响研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

谭超  刘奇俊  马占山 《气象学报》2013,71(5):867-878

50 km分辨率下的GRAPES全球模式对赤道及低纬度地区云水、云冰、云量和格点降水的预报较实际观测偏少。为解决这一问题,在模式原有的格点尺度云方案基础上,将次网格对流过程的影响作为源汇项,加入到云水、云冰和总云量的预报方程中。结合云和地球辐射能量系统(CERES)与热带降雨测量(TRMM)等卫星云观测资料,进行了改进后的云方案与原云方案预报结果的对比分析。结果显示,考虑了对流对格点尺度云含水量和云量预报的影响后,GRAPES全球模式预报的云和格点降水在赤道及低纬度地区有明显改善,水凝物含水量和总云量的预报结果与实况较为接近,格点降水在总降水中的比例由原来的5%提高到25%。研究进一步表明,次网格对流过程对格点尺度云和降水的影响取决于上升气流质量通量的分布和强度,上升气流的质量通量在对流活动强烈的低纬度热带地区较强,其最大值出现在650—450 hPa高度,因此,次网格对流的卷出过程对中云的影响最为明显。对高云和低云也有一定程度的影响,使云顶变高,云底变低。  相似文献   

Numerical Study on the Initiation of the Severe Convective Weather in Chongqing on 6 May 2010          下载免费PDF全文

SUN Yixin  FANG Juan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(3):364-378

As a follow-up of a previously published article on the synoptic background of the development of the severe convective weather that happened in Chongqing on 6 May 2010, this study further examines the initiation of the severe convective weather via a better high-resolution simulation with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. It is found that the cold front approaching Chongqing from the northwest played a critical role in the initiation of the severe convective weather. As the cold front approached Chongqing, the low-to-mid level updrafts ahead of the front acted to increase the atmospheric lapse rate via the stretching effect, which in combination with the low-level diabatic heating induced by the sensible heat fluxes and infrared radiation emitted from the ground surface led to the continuous decrease of the low-level static stability and the increase of the convective available potential energy (CAPE) in Chongqing area. This provided necessary unstable energy for the development of deep moist convection. Furthermore, along with the reaching of a nearly east-west-oriented mesoscale convergence line from the southeast of Chongqing, the outflow right above the cold front began to interact with that above the mesoscale convergence line and induced distinct convergence at the altitude of approximately 1-2 km in the triangular area sandwiched by the cold front and the mesoscale convergence line. It is found that the updrafts associated with this convergence provided lifting necessary for the initiation of the severe convection. The sensitivity experiment without the terrain west of Chongqing indicates that the local topography did not play an important role in the initiation of this severe convective weather.  相似文献   

一次MCS过程的特征分析   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

刘佳颖  魏建苏  姚丽娜  徐迎春 《气象科学》2013,33(1):89-94

对2010年9月7-8日江苏北部的中尺度对流系统(MCS)特征和暴雨过程进行了分析,应用卫星云图、热力和动力物理量诊断.结果表明:MCS是由若干个α和β中尺度对流云团组成,在MCS成熟阶段有一个逐渐发展成中尺度对流复合体(MCC)的过程;MCS出现在高温高湿对流不稳定的环境中,低层低涡的辐合和锋面的抬升作用为其提供了动力条件;强水中心与MCS云顶温度梯度最大值中心相对应,为暴雨落区预报提供了着眼点.  相似文献   

新疆天山北坡中部一次冰雹天气成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏勇  彭军  热苏力·阿不拉  王存亮  陈建民 《干旱气象》2013,(4):771-777,802

利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料、自动站资料和石河子CINRAD／CC多普勒天气雷达观测资料,对2010年7月11日发生在新疆天山北坡中部的一次强对流天气进行了综合分析。结果表明：这次冰雹天气发生在巴尔喀什湖低涡的环流背景形势下,较好的水汽条件、对流不稳定条件、0oC层和-20℃层的适宜高度以及较强的垂直风切变促使冰雹等强对流天气过程发生发展,同时山区和平原交界处的地形和热力不稳定作用对对流风暴的触发和发展成为冰雹云有着重要的作用。通过对多普勒雷达PUP产品的分析得出：这次强对流天气在组合反射率因子（CR）图出现了中心强度为63dBZ强对流单体和大面积〉50dBZ的强回波区;在反射率因子剖面（RCS）上表现为60dBZ强回波区的高度已达到5km,50dBZ强回波区的高度达到7．3km,整个回波顶高度达到12km的强回波墙,十分有利于冰雹的形成;在冰雹发生前期,平均径向速度图上出现了中气旋,促使对流风暴单体加强和维持;在冰雹形成区有低层辐合、高层辐散等特征;垂直累积液态含水量的跃增及其密度〉3．5g／m3十分利于冰雹的产生。  相似文献   

夏季乌拉尔长阻塞过程及其与热带热力异常关系个例分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李子仪  李双林  李国平 《大气科学》2013,37(3):731-744

2010和1998年均为长江洪涝年,这两年大气环流的一个共同特征是乌拉尔阻塞的频繁发生和异常维持。利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析的大气环流资料和向上射出长波辐射资料,对比分析了2010和1998年夏季乌拉尔地区环流持续异常的特征、大尺度环流形势、热带加热背景及其可能影响。结果显示:(1)2010年夏季乌拉尔发生了一次持续正异常过程,该过程是自1948年以来持续时间第二长(共37天)的,其最大异常中心在乌拉尔略偏西,持续时间比1998年的那次过程长(1998年的那次过程持续时间为22天);(2)异常过程期间存在行星波活动异常,2010年的过程行星波活动以2、4波的贡献为主,而1998年为1、2波的贡献为主;(3)异常过程期间,热带对流活动存在显著差异。这可能是它们行星波活动不同的原因;(4)两次异常过程期间,一个共同特点是在苏门答腊西侧的热带印度洋区域存在明显的对流增强。该区域强对流可能激发了类似东亚—太平洋遥相关型的波列向中高纬传播,从而调制行星波活动,再影响乌拉尔位势高度异常的形成和持续维持。  相似文献   

The Characteristics of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Activity with Severe Thunderstorm Wind in South and North China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

YANG Xin-Lin  SUN Jian-Hua 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):571-576

The characteristics of cloud-to-ground（CG） lightning activity with severe thunderstorm wind（STW） in South and North China are analyzed using CG lightning data, radar data, and serious weather reports. The percentage of positive CG（PCG） flashes with STW in North China is larger than that in South China. STW takes place during the period when the total CG and PCG density is increasing fastest. STW also occurs close to the high-value center of CG and PCG density. In North China, the CG and PCG density in the grid of STW maximizes approximately 20 minutes after the STW occurs; while in South China, the PCG density and percentage of PCG in the grid of STW maximizes about 10 minutes before the occurrence of STW. The high-value centers of CG density and PCG density in North China move slightly faster than those in South China, which is opposite to the rate of increasing CG activity.  相似文献   

一次强对流过程的多普勒雷达反演及预警分析     

韩文宇  杨丽丽  杨毅 《干旱气象》2014,(5)

为进一步了解2009年6月5日发生在安徽的一次飑线天气过程的流场结构,本文将两步变分法应用于安徽省合肥多普勒天气雷达资料的风场反演,并利用反演结果检验发生冰雹、大风以及闪电等强对流天气过程的预警条件。结果表明,该次天气过程主要受到东北冷涡的影响,另外高空西北冷气流和地面暖气流以及深层的垂直风切变促进了该次飑线强对流天气的发生;冰雹、大风以及闪电等强对流天气对应的一些特征量关系符合相关预警条件。  相似文献