Using terrestrial LiDAR to measure water erosion on stony plots under simulated rainfall     

Li Li  Mark A. Nearing  Mary H. Nichols  Viktor O. Polyakov  Michelle L. Cavanaugh 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(2):484-495

Terrestrial LiDAR scanning (TLS) technology is widely used to detect terrain elevation changes. This study examines the potential use of terrestrial LiDAR to measure erosion on small experimental plots at high resolution. Multitemporal TLS scans were conducted at six positions around plots (12 m²) with three slope treatments through 11 simulated rainfall applications. Surface elevation changes were quantified by comparing scans between rainfall simulations, and elevation changes greater than the level of detection were used to obtain volumetric change estimations. Erosion mass was estimated both by using soil bulk density and the density of sediment collected in runoff, and then compared to the erosion estimated from the runoff samples. Results showed: (1) with the aid of fixed reference controls in the form of concrete target surfaces of varying roughness, registration accuracy was better than 1 mm and mean level of change detection was less than 2.2 mm; (2) the average absolute relative errors of TLS-estimated eroded mass ranged from 6.8% to 31.8%, with greater values on 5% slope; (3) the TLS-estimated erosion accuracy was affected by erosion magnitude, the utilized material density and number of scan positions, and a grid size of 10 mm was found to be appropriate for this scale to estimate the volumetric changes; (4) the number of scan positions could be reduced to three while not significantly impacting volumetric change estimations; and (5) elevating the scanner resulted in much better accuracy for eroded mass estimations. This study suggests that using LiDAR to monitor soil erosion at the plot scale is feasible, and provides guidance about the level of accuracy one might expect in doing so. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

城市居住小区环境归属感评价——以大连市为例   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

李雪铭  刘巍巍 《地理研究》2006,25(5):785-791

研究居民对居住小区环境归属感,进行定量评价并揭示其规律,可为指导城市小区规划设计提供依据。本文以调查问卷的形式,对大连市的居住小区进行调查,充分考虑评价因子的代表性和多层次性的特点,选取5项一级指标和25个单项指标建立评价指标体系;采用层次分析法与地理信息系统软件Surfer 8.0相结合的方法,对大连市居住小区归属感进行初步评价。研究结果表明:影响居住小区归属感的主要因子有舒适感、识别感、安全感、交流感、成就感;大连市居住小区归属感的整体评价较好,市内四区存在差异;归属感的高值区域分布在生态环境风景区、商务活动中心、靠近海岸线的地方及交通便利的地方。  相似文献   

Testing slope effect on flow resistance equation for mobile bed rills          下载免费PDF全文

Costanza Di Stefano  Vito Ferro  Vincenzo Palmeri  Vincenzo Pampalone 《水文研究》2018,32(5):664-671

In this paper, a recently theoretically deduced rill flow resistance equation, based on a power‐velocity profile, is tested experimentally on plots of varying slopes in which mobile bed rills are incised. Initially, measurements of flow velocity, water depth, cross‐sectional area, wetted perimeter and bed slope conducted in 106 reaches of rills incised on an experimental plot having a slope of 14% were used to calibrate the flow resistance equation. Then, the relationship between the velocity profile parameter Γ, the channel slope, and the flow Froude number, which was calibrated using the 106 rill reach data, was tested using measurements carried out in plots having slopes of 22% and 9%. The measurements carried out in the latter slope conditions confirmed that (a) the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor can be accurately estimated using the proposed theoretical approach, and (b) the data were supportive of the slope independence hypothesis of rill velocity stated by Govers.  相似文献   

基于Argo资料的吕宋岛以东海域水团特征分析     

秦韬  谢骏  宋德海  丁扬  鲍献文 《海洋科学进展》2021,39(2):241-254

基于中国Argo实时资料中心发布的2004年1月至2017年12月Argo全球温盐资料,运用直线定位法和隶属关系,对吕宋岛以东海域(120°~140°E,10°~30°N)水团进行分析,划分出北太平洋次表层水团(NPSSW)和北太平洋中层水团(NPIW)的分布范围。次表层水团位于50~220 m深度,分布在10°~28°N范围内,温度16.61~27.60℃,盐度34.68~35.14,核心范围春夏季较大,秋冬季较小。中层水团位于280~900 m深度,分布在10~30°N范围内,温度3.67~16.55℃,盐度34.11~34.67,核心范围季节变化较弱,整体位于18°N以北。次表层与中层水团核心温盐具有一定的年际变化特征,次表层水团与气候变化相关性较好,核心温度和盐度均存在4 a的变化周期;而中层水团与气候变化相关性较差,核心温度和盐度则分别具有3.5 a和3 a的变化周期。  相似文献