南疆西部山区一次特大暴雨特征分析     

胡翠珍 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2002,25(3):9-11

通过对2001年9月22－23日南疆西北部山区特大暴雨的环流背景、物理量场、卫星云图分析，揭示了这场特大暴雨的物理机制和各要素场特征。  相似文献   

东亚地区春冬季与夏季大气环流异常相互关系的研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

孙力  安刚 《应用气象学报》2002,13(6):650-661

利用1951~2000年共50年的北半球500 hPa月平均高度距平场资料和奇异值分解技术（SVD），重点对东亚地区季节间大气环流异常的相互关系进行了初步探讨。结果表明，东亚地区季节间大气环流异常存在着较为密切的关联，并且这种明显的非同步联系具有时空相关显著的特点，尤其是夏季大气环流异常与其前冬和前春大气环流异常的联系更为密切。当前冬和前春北半球东亚大槽和北美大槽及蒙古高压偏强（或偏弱），极涡偏弱（或偏强），中高纬度盛行经向环流（或纬向环流），以及低纬和热带地区高度正距平（或负距平）明显时，则对应于夏季东亚地区西太平洋副高和鄂霍次克海阻高强度偏强（或偏弱），位置偏南（或偏北），贝加尔湖阻高强度也偏强（或偏弱），但位置偏西（或偏东）的大尺度环流形势出现。当春季北半球大气环流具有上述特点以及夏季鄂霍次克海阻高和西太平洋副高强度偏强（或偏弱），位置偏南（或偏北），且极涡较弱（较强）时，则东亚地区秋季大气环流对应于蒙古高压加强（或较弱），西太平洋副高减弱（或加强），并向南和向东移动（或移动较慢），极涡向南扩散（或扩散减弱），大气环流向冬季过渡加快（或减慢）。另外，大气环流异常还具有一定的持续性特征。  相似文献   

福州地热XG3深井应用气举反循环施工技术     

翁时瑞 《福建地质》2002,21(3):169-171

介绍了福州地热XG3深井采用气举反循环施工技术的实践过程和应用效果。  相似文献   

黄骅裂谷盆地第三系水循环和渗流场形成演化的重溯     

汪珊  张宏达  郭贵平 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2002,32(4):369-373

在简述盆地地质环境和含水系统、水文地质期与水压系统类型定位的基础上，通过建立数学模型，采用反演、比拟和地静压力等方法，模拟计算了各研究层在各研究时期泥岩压出水水头值（m),Es^2层的依次为2－28，2－26，2－6，2－16，0．5－3．5；Es^1层的依次为2－42，2－26，2－6，10－54，1－14；Ed层的依次为2－22，2－54，2－12；Ng层的依次为10－24，1－5；Nm层的为12－24。各研究层在各研究时期的压挤式水交替强度均小于1，累加值Es^2,Es^1,Ed层的均大于1，Ng，Nm层的小于1；Ed层渗入水交替强度为0.44。各研究层在各研究时期渗流场的高水压带位置和流动态具有相似性，并均以离心型流动型为主要特征。  相似文献   

On the oceanic impact of a data-assimilation method in a coupled ocean-land-atmosphere model     

Clemente A. S. Tanajura  Konstantin P. Belyaev 《Ocean Dynamics》2002,52(3):123-132

 Based on the Kalman filter theory, a new data-assimilation method has been used to improve the 3-D oceanic temperature field of the Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA) coupled general circulation model. This method is applied to assimilate surface and subsurface temperature of in situ measurements from the Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic project (PIRATA). The assimilation of the PIRATA data produces an improved representation of the thermal state of the ocean and allows a better estimation of other oceanographic quantities, like meridional heat fluxes and zonal currents. The present paper focuses on the tropical Atlantic and, in particular, it contains new reconstructed temperature profiles. One-month forecast experiments during 1999 were performed and the impact of the assimilation is discussed. Received: 24 April 2001 / Accepted: 8 March 2002  相似文献   

Changes in the mode of Southern Ocean circulation over the last glacial cycle revealed by foraminiferal stable isotopic variability     

Ulysses S Ninnemann  Christopher D Charles 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,201(2):383-396

Benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopic records from Southern Ocean sediment cores show that during the last glacial period, the South Atlantic sector of the deep Southern Ocean filled to roughly 2500 m with water uniformly low in δ¹³C, resulting in the appearance of a strong mid-depth nutricline similar to those observed in glacial northern oceans. Concomitantly, deep water isotopic gradients developed between the Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the Southern Ocean; the δ¹³C of benthic foraminifera in Pacific sediments remained significantly higher than those in the Atlantic during the glacial episode. These two observations help to define the extent of what has become known as the ‘Southern Ocean low δ¹³C problem’. One explanation for this glacial distribution of δ¹³C calls upon surface productivity overprints or changes in the microhabitat of benthic foraminifera to lower glacial age δ¹³C values. We show here, however, that glacial-interglacial δ¹³C shifts are similarly large everywhere in the deep South Atlantic, regardless of productivity regime or sedimentary environment. Furthermore, the degree of isotopic decoupling between the Atlantic and Pacific basins is proportional to the magnitude of δ¹³C change in the Atlantic on all time scales. Thus, we conclude that the profoundly altered distribution of δ¹³C in the glacial Southern Ocean is most likely the result of deep ocean circulation changes. While the characteristics of the Southern Ocean δ¹³C records clearly point to reduced North Atlantic Deep Water input during glacial periods, the basinal differences suggest that the mode of Southern Ocean deep water formation must have been altered as well.  相似文献   

Impact of precipitation seasonality changes on isotopic signals in polar ice cores: a multi-model analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Krinner  M. Werner 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2003,216(4):525-538

For Central Greenland, water isotope analysis indicates a temperature difference of about 10°C since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, borehole thermometry and gas diffusion thermometry indicate that LGM surface temperatures were about 20°C colder than today. Two general circulation model studies have shown that changes in the seasonal precipitation timing in Central Greenland might have caused a warm bias in the LGM water isotope proxy temperatures, and that this bias could explain the difference in the estimated paleotemperatures. Here we present an analysis of a number of atmospheric general circulation model simulations mostly done within the framework of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project. The models suggest that the seasonal cycle of precipitation and surface mass balance over Central Greenland at the LGM might have been very different from today. This supports the idea that the accuracy of the water isotope thermometry at the LGM in Greenland might be compromised as a result of a modified surface mass balance seasonality. However, the models disagree on the amplitude and sign of the bias. For Central East Antarctica, a strong seasonality effect on the LGM isotopic signal is not simulated by any of the analyzed models. For the mid-Holocene (6 kyr BP) the models suggest relatively weak isotope paleothermometry biases linked to changes in the surface mass balance seasonality over both ice sheets.  相似文献   

Recent Precipitation Trends in Hungary in the Context of Larger Scale Climatic Changes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Domonkos  Peter 《Natural Hazards》2003,29(2):255-271

The time series of monthly precipitation totals from 14 Hungarian observing stations (1901–1998) were analysed to reveal the long term changes in precipitation characteristics occurred in the 20th century. A particular attention was given to the changes in the recent decades and their links with the larger scale climatic and circulation changes over Europe and the Atlantic.The statistical significancesof systematic changes are controlled by linear trend analysis and the Mann–Kendall test. The long term fluctuations are illustrated applying a 15-point Gaussian filter on the time series. The Standardised Precipitation Index is used to evaluate the changes in the drought event frequency. The relationships with larger scale changes are mostly discussed relying on contemporary papers, and the Grosswetterlagen Catalogue is used as well.The annual precipitation total decreased by 15–20% in Hungary during the 20th century. The decline is substantial in both halves of the century, but the precipitation sums in the transition seasons declined in the first 50 years, and the winter precipitation decreased in the latest decades. The precipitation total of the period November–February declined significantly in the last 50 years. In the same time the mean winter value of the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) increased, the positions of the main pressure patterns over the Atlantic are shifted northeastward, and lot of other coherent changes detected in the winter climate of the European–Atlantic region. The mean summer precipitation total has hardly changed, but the frequency of summer drought events increased. There are some signs of a shift of the Hungarian summer climate towards a Mediterranean like climate.  相似文献   

Late Holocene climates of the Near East deduced from Dead Sea level variations and modern regional winter rainfall     

Yehouda Enzel  Revital Bookman  David Sharon  Haim Gvirtzman  Uri Dayan  Baruch Ziv  Mordechai Stein 《Quaternary Research》2003,60(3):263-273

The Dead Sea is a terminal lake of one of the largest hydrological systems in the Levant and may thus be viewed as a large rain gauge for the region. Variations of its level are indicative of the climate variations in the region. Here, we present the decadal- to centennial-resolution Holocene lake-level curve of the Dead Sea. Then we determine the regional hydroclimatology that affected level variations. To achieve this goal we compare modern natural lake-level variations and instrumental rainfall records and quantify the hydrology relative to lake-level rise, fall, or stability. To quantify that relationship under natural conditions, rainfall data pre-dating the artificial Dead Sea level drop since the 1960s are used. In this respect, Jerusalem station offers the longest uninterrupted pre-1960s rainfall record and Jerusalem rains serve as an adequate proxy for the Dead Sea headwaters rainfall. Principal component analysis indicates that temporal variations of annual precipitation in all stations in Israel north of the current 200 mm yr⁻¹ average isohyet during 1940–1990 are largely synchronous and in phase (70% of the total variance explained by PC1). This station also represents well northern Jordan and the area all the way to Beirut, Lebanon, especially during extreme drought and wet spells. We (a) determine the modern, and propose the past regional hydrology and Eastern Mediterranean (EM) climatology that affected the severity and length of droughts/wet spells associated with multiyear episodes of Dead Sea level falls/rises and (b) determine that EM cyclone tracks were different in average number and latitude in wet and dry years in Jerusalem. The mean composite sea level pressure and 500-mb height anomalies indicate that the potential causes for wet and dry episodes span the entire EM and are rooted in the larger-scale northern hemisphere atmospheric circulation. We also identified remarkably close association (within radiocarbon resolution) between climatic changes in the Levant, reflected by level changes, and culture shifts in this region.  相似文献   

冬季北极涛动和华北冬季气温变化关系研究   总被引：33，自引：6，他引：33  

何春  何金海 《南京气象学院学报》2003,26(1):1-7

利用北极涛动指数（AOI）、NCEP／NCAR40a再分析资料中的海平面气压（SLP）、850、500、200hPa等压面高度场资料及中国160站月平均气温资料，运用小波分析，经验正交函数（EOF）分析等方法，分析了华北冬季气温和冬季北极涛动指数的变化特征及其关系。结果表明它们之间存在有着显著相关，特别是在年代际尺度上关系尤其密切。华北在20世纪70年代初以前为持续冷冬，80年代中期之后变为持续暖冬，其间相对正常，而冬季北极涛运指数亦存在类似的3个阶段，冬季北极涛动高（低）低数年，华北地区为暖（冷）冬年。其原因在于，北极涛动在于对流层低层和高层都可激发类似EU遥相关型的异常，通过影响西伯利亚高压和东亚大槽影响华北地区气温。强（弱）涛运年大气环流具有弱（强）东亚冬季风特征，西伯利亚高压减弱（增强），亚洲大陆地面东北风减弱（增强），高空东亚大槽减弱（增强）。  相似文献