不同岩石破裂全过程的声发射序列分形特征试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴贤振  刘祥鑫  梁正召  游勋  余敏 《岩土力学》2012,33(12):3561-3569

通过对不同岩性的岩石进行单轴压缩声发射试验,获取岩石破裂全过程中的载荷-轴向变形曲线及声发射参数,观察试件破裂失稳时的破坏情况,分析破坏过程的载荷变化关系。着重对比了不同岩石的不同力学性质、岩石声发射序列的时域特征和声发射序列的分形特征。研究结果表明,采用声发射率、能率可以很好地描述岩石破裂损伤的整个阶段;计算岩石声发射率、声发射能率的关联维数,可得出岩石破裂过程的声发射序列具有分形特征;岩石破裂过程的声发射分维值D反映了岩石内部微裂隙的统计演化规律;不同岩性的岩石破裂过程的声发射参数序列的分形特征具有一定的共性;归纳总结出岩体声发射序列分维曲线的演化模式,即波动→持续下降演化模式,提出可以将分维值的持续下降作为岩体破裂失稳的前兆。  相似文献   

A comprehensive study on the parameters setting in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method applied to hydrodynamics problems     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshfree, Lagrangian particle method which has advantages in handling solids with extremely large deformation. Like any other numerical methods, cares must be taken to ensure its desirable accuracy and stability through considering several correction techniques in calculation. The selection of values for parameters in those correction approaches is a key step in SPH simulation, which is always difficult for new beginners to deal well with effectively. This paper examines the common inconsistency and instability problems in SPH method and studies its computational efficiency when applied to hydrodynamics problems with material strength like soil column collapse. We analyzed in detail how the correction techniques mitigate these inconsistency and instability problems. Also, the numerical testing results associate with different values for the parameters used in the correction techniques are provided for better understanding the influence of these parameters and for finding out the desirable values. It is found that (1) the SPH method is easily subjected to an inconsistency problem in the boundary area due to the boundary deficiency, and it can be treated well by adopting “virtual particles” contributing to the particle summations. (2) The numerical oscillation in SPH simulation can be mitigated effectively by artificial viscosity with the suggested parameter values. (3) The tension cracking treatment, artificial viscosity and artificial stress work well in removing the tensile instability problem in SPH method. In addition, the nearest neighboring particle searching (NNPS) algorithm, spacing ratio, smoothing length and time step influence the efficiency and accuracy of SPH method significantly. It is shown that SPH method with suggested parameters values can produce a very good result compared with the experimental result.  相似文献   

基于SRTM DEM的地形起伏度对天水市黄土滑坡的影响分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宿星  魏万鸿  郭万钦  王思源  王国亚  吴玮江  叶伟林 《冰川冻土》2017,39(3):616-622

以天水市辖区30 m分辨率的SRTM DEM数据为基础,首先利用GIS空间分析模块中邻域统计分析法,依次选取2×2、3×3、4×4、…、28×28、29×29、30×30共29个矩形邻域分析窗口,运用均值变点分析法进行最佳计算单元的计算分析。结果表明：12×12的网格大小（12.96×10⁴ m²）为曲线突变的拐点,作为曲线由陡变缓的阈值,确定12×12的网格大小（12.96×10⁴ m²）为研究区地形起伏度计算的最佳单元,生成研究区地形起伏度分级图。进而采用确定性系数法（CF）、证据权法、信息量法和条件概率法对研究区发育的黄土滑坡灾害与地形起伏度之间的相关关系进行了定量分析。研究结果表明,区内地形起伏度影响因子层中地形起伏度60~120 m的分级因子层为黄土滑坡灾害的易发因子层,而其中60~90 m区间的值最大,为黄土滑坡灾害的优势因子区间,对滑坡的响应最敏感。  相似文献   

地震反射剖面揭示的苏北盆地北缘构造特征及其演化     

陆一锋  徐永清  刘茂争 《江苏地质》2017,41(4):624-630

苏北盆地位于下扬子板块东北部鲁苏隆起的南侧,由于构造位置特殊,其构造演化比较复杂。利用高分辨率反射剖面资料,得到苏北盆地北缘清晰的地下结构和断裂形态。结果表明,整个剖面以大东凸起为对称轴,两侧箕状凹陷近似对称发育,涟南凹陷呈南深北浅的形态,涟北凹陷呈南浅北深的形态,该凹陷内正断层发育。这些研究成果为建立研究区的构造演化模式提供了重要的信息,推测自白垩纪末期以来,研究区在印度板块碰撞和太平洋板块碰撞影响下,拉张裂隙和挤压隆起2种作用交替进行,形成了对称箕状凹陷。  相似文献   

沿河县上覆第四系堆积物下伏泥岩类型滑坡失稳机制分析     

汪旭涛  王凯  朱念 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(8):813-818

建立小寨滑坡水文地质模型,模拟其在不同降雨条件下的渗流场分布及稳定性变化。结果表明,该类型滑坡的失稳演化过程主要分为上覆Q4el+dl堆积阶段、接触带泥岩富水风化阶段和风化带富水软化阶段,风化带富水软化程度与滑体的高渗透性和滑床的隔水特性密切相关,是滑坡失稳破坏的决定性因素;滑坡的发生是因地表降雨下渗受阻,在上覆堆积层及下伏泥岩层间形成富水带,富水加速泥岩风化,并在坡体内形成强风化泥岩软弱层,随地质过程持续,泥岩强风化层逐渐加厚形成软弱带,在极端暴雨气候条件下,软弱带发生蠕变,地表开裂,滑坡形成。  相似文献   

蒋家沟砾石土的特性及其对斜坡失稳的意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王志兵  汪稔  胡明鉴  陈中学 《岩土力学》2010,31(Z2):206-211

云南蒋家沟是世界上著名的由降雨导致泥石流、浅层滑坡频发的沟谷之一。组成蒋家沟斜坡表层的砾石土具有孔隙度高、级配宽、不均匀系数大等特点,级配曲线为上凹型或双峰型,为内在不稳定性土。X射线衍射分析表明,粒径小于1 mm 的细粒部分主要由绿泥石和伊利石等黏土矿物及次生石英组成,黏土矿物会影响砾石土的物理力学性质。在环境电镜扫描中观测了砾石土的微观结构,发现一种特殊的“桥式”胶结结构,并在遇水条件下发生断裂,不仅降低了微弱黏聚力,而且土颗粒容易分离成粒径为数十微米的散微粒。这与砾石土中黏性部分具有高分散性有关。此外这些散微粒在自滤过程中会能发生运移,并在孔喉等处积聚而堵塞孔隙,会降低砾石土的渗透性以及有利于斜坡中暂态上层滞水的积聚。  相似文献   

土体本构模型对强度折减法分析基坑整体稳定性的影响     

胡安峰  陈博浪  应宏伟 《岩土力学》2011,32(Z2):592-597

运用有限元强度折减法对基坑工程进行整体稳定性分析时,已有研究主要采用摩尔-库伦模型对土体进行模拟,由于摩尔-库伦模型给出的基坑变形曲线与实测不符,故据此得到的基坑整体稳定安全系数也不甚合理。采用Plaxis硬化模型模拟开挖过程,在强度折减分析中采用特征点位移突变对基坑整体稳定性进行收敛判断,通过分析对比所选取的不同特征点的位移与折减系数的关系曲线,提出采用挡墙内侧开挖面附近土体作为收敛判断的判别点较为合理,其安全系数的取值与采用极限平衡法得到的结果比较接近,而摩尔-库伦模型所得到的计算结果则偏大。最后分析了基坑宽度、基底软土层厚度、挡墙插入深度和挡墙刚度等因素对基坑整体稳定性的影响,并比较了采用这两种不同土体本构模型对分析结果的影响  相似文献   

Seismic hazard disaggregation in performance‐based earthquake engineering: occurrence or exceedance?          下载免费PDF全文

Matthew J. Fox  Peter J. Stafford  Timothy J. Sullivan 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(5):835-842

Seismic hazard disaggregation is commonly used as an aid in ground‐motion selection for the seismic response analysis of structures. This short communication investigates two different approaches to disaggregation related to the exceedance and occurrence of a particular intensity. The impact the different approaches might have on a subsequent structural analysis at a given intensity is explored through the calculation of conditional spectra. It is found that the exceedance approach results in conditional spectra that will be conservative when used as targets for ground‐motion selection. It is however argued that the use of the occurrence disaggregation is more consistent with the objectives of seismic response analyses in the context of performance‐based earthquake engineering. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the exact conditional spectrum and generalized conditional intensity measure methods for ground motion selection          下载免费PDF全文

N. Simon Kwong  Anil K. Chopra 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(5):757-777

Two existing, contemporary ground motion selection and modification procedures – (i) exact conditional spectrum (CS‐exact) and (ii) generalized conditional intensity measure (GCIM) – are evaluated in their ability to accurately estimate seismic demand hazard curves (SDHCs) of a given structure at a specified site. The amount of effort involved in implementing these procedures to compute a single SDHC is studied, and a case study is chosen where rigorous benchmark SDHCs can be determined for evaluation purposes. By comparing estimates from ground motion selection and modification procedures with the benchmark, we conclude that estimates from CS‐exact are unbiased in many of the cases considered. The estimates from GCIM are even more accurate, as they are unbiased for most – but not all – of the cases where estimates from CS‐exact are biased. We find that it is possible to obtain biased SDHCs from GCIM, even after employing a very diverse collection of intensity measures to select ground motions and implementing its bias‐checking feature, because it is usually difficult to identify intensity measures that are truly ‘sufficient’ for the response of a complex, multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

FRICTIONAL SLIDING OF PLAGIOCLASE GOUGE UNDER LOWER-CRUST TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVELY LOW EFFECTIVE NORMAL STRESS          下载免费PDF全文

YAO Sheng-nan  HE Chang-rong 《地震地质》2016,38(2):290-302

The discovery of tremors on the lower crust portion of the San Andreas Fault has attracted more attention on the mechanical properties of the lower crust in recent years, and some experimental studies have been carried out to understand the mechanical behavior. Previous experiments under effective normal stresses of 200MPa have shown that pyroxene and plagioclase mineral separated from the gabbro and their mixtures all show velocity weakening in the lower-crust temperature range, which results in unstable slip when frictional sliding is the dominant deformation mechanism. This work is to examine whether the velocity-weakening behavior of plagioclase gouge also applies to relatively lower effective normal stress. Our experiments were performed under effective normal stress of about 100MPa, with a constant confining pressure control, with pore pressure of 30MPa and temperature of 100℃ to 600℃. We found that the frictional sliding of plagioclase are basically the same with the previous results obtained under effective normal stress of 200MPa, both of which show velocity weakening over the entire temperature range. The only difference is the out-of-trend drop of constitutive parameter a at 600℃ for the lower effective normal stress of 100MPa. It is thus concluded that reducing the effective normal stress has little effect on the sliding stability of plagioclase, and the previous conclusion made for mechanical behavior of the lower crust that unstable slips are possible therein also applies to the lower effective normal stress of 100MPa.  相似文献