The complex nature of creep movements on steeply sloping ground in Southern Rwanda     

Jan Moeyersons 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1988,13(6):511-524

Long term soil creep motion is often represented as a type of laminar flow, with velocity vectors parallel to the slope and constant in time. Records on a hillslope in Southern Rwanda reveal that creep movements there compare more with turbulent flow, characterized by a A1 humic horizon superlayer, creeping over a subsoil affected by more irregular creep deformation.  相似文献   

乔戈里峰北坡现代冰川的初步观察   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

秦大河瑟沃.  RJ 《冰川冻土》1989,11(2):125-136

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A survey of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations     

P. E. Kloeden  E. Platen 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1989,3(3):155-178

The development of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations has intensified over the past decade. The earliest methods were usually heuristic adaptations of deterministic methods, but were found to have limited accuracy regardless of the order of the original scheme. A stochastic counterpart of the Taylor formula now provides a framework for the systematic investigation of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations. It suggests numerical schemes, which involve multiple stochastic integrals, of higher order of convergence. We shall survey the literature on these and on the earlier schemes in this paper. Our discussion will focus on diffusion processes, but we shall also indicate the extensions needed to handle processes with jump components. In particular, we shall classify the schemes according to strong or weak convergence criteria, depending on whether the approximation of the sample paths or of the probability distribution is of main interest.  相似文献   

盛夏中国北方的超强区域性持续暴雨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周鸣盛 《气象》1994,20(7):3-8

将“６３．８暴雨”与“７５．８暴雨”的天气学特征作了系统的对比分析。研究表明：尽管这两次暴雨相隔１２年,主要暴雨落区相距５００ｋｍ以上,发生暴雨的低气压系统分别来自西南与东南等差别,而形成暴雨的基本天气学过程是非常相似的。概括这两次暴雨的环一种盛夏出现在中国北方的超强区域在气的概念模型。  相似文献   

Tectono-magmatic evolution of sheeted plutonic bodies along the north Giudicarie line (northern Italy)     

S. Martin  G. Prosser  L. Morten 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1993,82(1):51-66

Tectonized slices of foliated quartz-diorite/ quartz-gabbro rocks are exposed along the north Giudicarie line between Dimaro and Rumo (Western Trentino region, north-east Italy). They show geochemical and mineralogical similarities with the north-east corner of the Adamello batholith (Presanella pluton) and may be regarded as a northern apophysis lamella of Adamello. The intrusive bodies were emplaced within the Adria crust at a relatively shallow depth (approximately equal to 3 kbar) along a proto-Giudicarie line under transtensive conditions during late Oligocene. Only near Rumo has contact metamorphism on the Austroalpine basement been observed, whereas in other outcrops it has been tectonically removed by later movements along the Giudicarie line. In the Samoclevolamella a magmatic flow texture, which developed during the emplacement of a crystal mush at shallow depth, is recorded by the preferred alignment of plagioclase and hornblende. A solid state foliation, outlined by quartz crystal aggregates, green hornblende and biotite, has been observed mostly in the Rumolamella. This indicates that a later ductile deformation, which developed under decreasing temperatures, overprinted the intrusive rocks. This deformation probably reflects late Oligocene strike-slip movements along the Tonale and Giudicarie lines. Finally semi-brittle to brittle deformation overprints the foliated igneouslamellae producing cataclasites and pseudotachylites. Sometimes these structures are subsequently cut by prehnite and epidote bearing veins. During this event, the intrusivelamellae were decoupled from their contact aureole and carried over the Insubric Flysch of the southern Alps. This last tectonic phase may be correlated to the Upper Miocene neo-Alpine transpressive event along the Giudicarie Line. Correspondence to: S. Martin  相似文献   

基于QTM的线状图形自动化简算法探讨   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

焦健  魏立力  曾琪明 《测绘科学》2005,30(5):89-91

全球网格是由形成地球表面剖分的一系列区域所组成,八面体四分三角网(QTM)是其中一种具有层次性的网格。本文依据数据点在规则网格中的分布规律,提出了一种在QTM数据结构支持下的线状图形化简算法。该算法以经过每级QTM网格的数据点的平均值为标准,能自动地对比较平缓的线段进行较粗选点,而对相对复杂的线段进行较密选点。本文以及Dutton算法都能克服DouglasPeucker算法中难以客观和合理确定阈值的困难,但是本算法比Dutton算法简单,且具有更高的化简率,能更好地保留了线状图形的弯曲特征。  相似文献   

两系杂交稻制种的气候适应性研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

邓芳萍姚克敏  苏高利 《应用气象学报》2003,14(2):236-244

研究两系杂交稻的首要不育系———培矮64S制种的气候适应性, 一方面可为两系杂交稻的生产提供决策参考, 另一方面也可为其它不育系的研究提供借鉴。分析气候适应性时, 首先利用播种—抽穗天数及其对应的气象资料, 建立发育期模型; 然后利用自交结实率资料及其对应的气象资料建立育性量化模型, 并求出育性转换的光温指标; 最后将我国稻区35个站点42年 (1951~1992年) 的气象资料代入发育期模型, 求出各站点的可能出穗持续期 (最早出穗期—最晚出穗期的历期), 对比育性转换的光温指标, 确定培矮64S在80%、90%和95%保证率下连续不育 (可育) 的初、终日, 将连续不育期作为生产杂交稻种子的季节, 将连续可育期作为繁殖培矮64S的季节。结果显示:培矮64S仅能在海南岛及云贵高原中低海拔地区自交繁殖; 而在东北、云贵高原以外的稻区, 培矮64S均可用于生产两系杂交稻的种子, 各稻区制种季节的长短、起止日期与种植地的纬度、海拔高度相关。  相似文献   

ROOF BOUNDARY EXTRACTION USING MULTIPLE IMAGES     

Ahmed F. Elaksher  James S. Bethel  Edward M. Mikhail 《The Photogrammetric Record》2003,18(101):27-40

Urban area building extraction is one of the most challenging problems in photogrammetry. Well-extracted buildings are needed for a variety of applications, such as cartography, building GIS databases for cities, and urban planning. This paper presents a new technique to extract 3D building wire-frames using a robust multi-image line-matching algorithm. Although one pair of images is adequate to find the 3D position of two visibly corresponding image features, it is not sufficient to solve the general building extraction problem due to obscured parts in the building. Four images are used in this research to extract the building wire-frames. First the images are segmented into regions. Regions are then classified into roof regions and non-roof regions based on their size, shape, and intensity values. The roof region boundary pixels are located and used to find the region perimeters. Region correspondence is solved in a pair-wise mode over all images using the epipolar constraint, region size, region shape, and region intensity values. Image lines within the corresponding regions are matched over all images simultaneously by first creating a plane for each region line. Planes are then intersected simultaneously and geometric consistency is used to determine acceptance or rejection. Results with high overlap and sidelap aerial images are presented and evaluated. The results show the completeness and accuracy that this method can provide for extracting complex urban buildings. The average coordinate accuracy is about 0·8 m using 1:4000 scale aerial photographs scanned at 30 μ m. Six buildings were examined; the line detection rate is 98%.  相似文献   

城市规划区中的转角直线定线方法     

奚毓敏 《现代测绘》2003,26(2):15-17,27

本文介绍如何解决城市规划区域内转角无法定立或转角前后互不通视地段的定线工作，该方法是在间接定线方法基础上采用解析法计算出直线桩及转角桩的放样元素来解决定线工作。提高了平断面图的施测精度，满足了规划部门的要求，取到了较好的经济效益，大大地加快了线路的定线工作。  相似文献   

测量监理在城市地下管线施工中的作用     

邹学忠  赵小祥 《现代测绘》2003,26(5):37-38

本文主要介绍了为建立健全地下管线数据库，从而在城市地下管线施工过程中进行测量监理的作用及其重要性。  相似文献