Response of vertical deformation on faults to remote strong earthquakes     

荆燕张世中  李宏熊玉珍  刘凤秋孙启伟董建业  张鸿旭陈葛天 《地震学报(英文版)》2007,20(2):172-179

Vertical coseismic deformation on non-causative fault caused by remote strong earthquakes(epicentral distance≥1500 km,MS≥7.0)are observed by fault-monitoring instruments of new type during recent two years.The monitor-ing result shows,delay time,maximum amplitude and duration of vertical deformation on the non-causative faulthave remarkable close relationship with earthquakes magnitude and epicentral distance.The delay time of verticalcoseismic deformation have positive linear relationship with epicentral distance.The velocity of coseismic defor-mation is 5.5 km/s,close to the velocity of surface wave in granite.The logarithms of maximum amplitude of co-seismic deformation and epicentral distance have remarkable linear relationship with magnitude.The greater themagnitude and the closer the epicentral distance are,the bigger the maximum amplitude of coseismic deformationon non-causative fault will be.Relative to the epicentral distance,the magnitude is the most important factor to theduration of coseismic vertical deformation on the non-causative fault.Stronger earthquake causes longer vibrationduration of coseismic deformation.The experiential equation of co-seismic deformation faults obtained by thiswork is significant on the coseismic deformation research.  相似文献   

Embryo dune development on a large,actively accreting macrotidal beach: Calais,North Sea coast of France     

Edward J. Anthony  Stéphane Vanhée  Marie‐Hélène Ruz 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(4):631-636

Sediment budget data from an 18‐month topographic survey were analysed with data from brief experiments on wind parameters, beach moisture contents, bedforms and sand mobilization in order to monitor conditions and patterns of embryo dune development over a flat 150–1000 m wide accreting upper beach. The surface conditions over the upper beach locally affect aeolian transport, but net dune development over time depends on sustained strong winds and their orientation. Incoming marine sand supplied by storms and onshore winds is reorganized by the dominant offshore to longshore winds into elongated embryo dunes over this upper beach, imprinting a regional morphology of long‐term longshore dune ridge development. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Rigid‐plastic seismic design of reinforced concrete structures     

J. L. Domingues Costa  R. Bento  Vsevolod Levtchitch  M. P. Nielsen 《地震工程与结构动力学》2007,36(1):55-76

In this paper a new seismic design procedure for Reinforced Concrete (R/C) structures is proposed—the Rigid‐Plastic Seismic Design (RPSD) method. This is a design procedure based on Non‐Linear Time‐ History Analysis (NLTHA) for systems expected to perform in the non‐linear range during a lifetime earthquake event. The theoretical background is the Theory of Plasticity (Rigid‐Plastic Structures). Firstly, a collapse mechanism is chosen and the corresponding stress field is made safe outside the regions where plastic behaviour takes place. It is shown that this allows the determination of the required structural strength with respect to a pre‐defined performance parameter using a rigid‐plastic response spectrum, which is characteristic of the ground motion alone. The maximum strength demand at any point is solely dependent on the intensity of the ground motion, which facilitates the task of distributing required strength throughout the structure. Any artificial considerations intended to adjust results according to empirical observations are avoided, which, from a conceptual point of view, is considered to be an advantage over other simplified design procedures for seismic design. The procedure is formulated using a step‐by‐step format followed by a design example of a 4‐storey‐R/C‐plane‐frame. Results are compared with refined NLTHA and found to be extremely encouraging. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Long‐period earthquake ground displacements recorded on Guadeloupe (French Antilles)     

P. Jousset  J. Douglas 《地震工程与结构动力学》2007,36(7):949-963

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近40 a青海湖流域逐日降水和气温变化特征   总被引：2，自引：6，他引：2  

孙永亮  李小雁  许何也 《干旱气象》2007,25(1):7-13

利用青海湖流域内刚察气象站1958～2001年的逐日降水和气温资料,分析了流域内的气候变化特征.结果表明,日降水量P≤5 mm的降水总量以9 mm/10 a的速率显著减少,已从1960s的130.8 mm/a减少为1990s的116.2 mm/a,而P≥20 mm的降水总量以9 mm/10 a的速率显著增加,已从29.7 mm/a增加为36.9 mm/a;连续无降水最长天数由1960s的32 d/a增加为1990s的45 d/a,至少10 d连续无降水总天数由103 d/a增加为145 d/a.逐年平均温度40 a来明显升高,已从1960s的-0.7℃升至1990s的0.1℃,且与逐年极端低温升高有较好相关性.1990s与1960s的同日平均气温相比,已有261 d变暖(占年天数的71.2%),且主要发生在冬季.这种气候变化特征对流域内的青海湖水位和河川径流有重要影响.  相似文献   

2006年全球气候异常，多项纪录被打破   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

苗秋菊  张婉佩  沈永平 《气候变化研究进展》2007,3(1):50-053

 以世界气象组织发布的2006年全球变化状况的报告为基础，结合全球相关的资料报道，总结了2006年全球的气候变化特征：2006年为近百年来第5个最暖年，全球出现了大范围的气候异常，包括欧洲最暖的秋天、澳大利亚的严重干旱、非洲大角地区的极端干旱和严重洪涝、菲律宾群岛的暴雨，以及北极海冰面积的进一步减少等。  相似文献   

The Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Rainfall Triggering of Landslides near Lisbon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ricardo?M.?TrigoEmail author  José L.?Zêzere  Maria?L.?Rodrigues  Isabel?F.?Trigo 《Natural Hazards》2005,36(3):331-354

The majority of landsliding episodes in the area north of Lisbon are associated with rainfall events of short (less than 5 days) medium (5–20 days) or long duration (more than 20 days). The precipitation regime in Portugal is highly irregular, with large differences between wet and dry years. We have assessed the impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on both the winter precipitation and the timing and magnitude of associated landslide events. Results show that the large inter-annual variability of winter precipitation is largely modulated by the NAO mode. The precipitation composite corresponding to high NAO index presents a considerable lower median value (47 mm/month) than the corresponding low NAO index class (134 mm/month). The entire precipitation distribution associated with the low NAO index composite encompasses a wider range of values than the corresponding high NAO index composite. This non-linear behavior is reflected in the probability of occurrence of a very wet month (precipitation above the 90% percentile) that is just 1% for the positive NAO class and 23% for low NAO index months. Results for the low NAO class are crucial because these months are more likely associated with long-lasting rainfall episodes responsible for large landslide events. This is confirmed by the application of a 3-month moving average to both NAO index and precipitation time series. This procedure allowed the identification of many months with landslide activity as being characterized by negative average values of the NAO index and high values of average precipitation (above 100 mm/month). Finally, using daily data we have computed the return periods associated with the entire set of landslide episodes and, based on these results, obtained a strong linear relationship between critical cumulative rainfall and the corresponding critical rainfall event duration.  相似文献   

Large-scale wind structures in OB supergiants: a search for rotationally modulated Hα variability     

T. Morel  S. V. Marchenko  A. K. Pati  K. Kuppuswamy  M. T. Carini  E. Wood  R. Zimmerman 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,351(2):552-568

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Simulations of the axisymmetric magnetospheres of neutron stars     

S. S. Komissarov 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,367(1):19-31

In this paper we present the results of time-dependent simulations of the dipolar axisymmetric magnetospheres of neutron stars carried out within the frameworks of both relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and resistive force-free electrodynamics. The results of force-free simulations reveal the inability of our numerical method to accommodate the equatorial current sheets of pulsar magnetospheres, and raise a question mark about the robustness of this approach. On the other hand, the MHD approach allows us to make significant progress. We start with a non-rotating magnetically dominated dipolar magnetosphere and follow its evolution as the stellar rotation is switched on. We find that the time-dependent solution gradually approaches a steady state that is very close to the stationary solution of the pulsar equation found in 1999 by Contopoulos, Kazanas & Fendt. This result suggests that other stationary solutions that have the Y-point located well inside the light cylinder are unstable. The role of particle inertia and pressure on the structure and dynamics of MHD magnetospheres is studied in detail, as well as the potential implications of dissipative processes in the equatorial current sheet. We argue that pulsars may have differentially rotating magnetospheres which develop noticeable structural oscillations, and that this may help to explain the nature of the subpulse phenomena.  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠风沙活动强度特征   总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20  

俎瑞平  张克存  屈建军 《地理研究》2005,24(5):699-707

通过风资料的统计和计算,对塔克拉玛干沙漠风沙活动强度特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,塔克拉玛干沙漠年平均风速较小,在沙漠内部年平均风速与温度变化呈现“风热同步”现象;有效起沙风作用时间存在明显区域差异,随着风速等级的增加,其出现的频率相应减少,基本上都集中在6.1～10.0m/s之间;输沙势和最大可能输沙量,除若羌地区外,整个沙漠属于低风能环境,且存在很大区域差异,对输沙贡献最大的风速以9.0～11.0m/s为主。  相似文献