大同市区二十年地下水动态研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

范建明 《地下水》2003,25(2):95-97

本文首先分析了大同市地下水开采与地下水降深之间的对应关系，同时分析了影响地下水动态的其它因素，然后将地下水开采和大气降水量这两个影响地下水动态的主要因素与地下水动态进行复相关计算，求出相关方程，并进行不同开采量的地下水降深预测，最后根据这些地下水动态研究结果提出了解决大同市水问题几项对策建议。本文的研究结果同时表明，地下水动态研究非常必要且现实意义明显。通过动态变化可以了解地下水的补排及储水介质的变化情况，利用动态变化规律可以预测水文地质条件的变化趋势，根据地下水动态变化特点可采取有针对性的、灵活的取水方案。可以说，地下水动态研究成果在水资源的开发、利用、保护中具有极大的可利用价值。  相似文献   

GIS支持下的吉林西部水质预警研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

董志颖  李兵  孙晶 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(1):56-58

借助于GIS强大的空间分析功能，采用共享软件，对水质进行预警，并将预警结果与其它地理信息相叠加，提出了GIS支持下的水质预警的方法和流程。以吉林西部潜水水质为例进行预警研究，结果表明，该区已有25％的地区出现了不同程度的警性，并呈恶化趋势。  相似文献   

TRMM PR雷达与阜阳雷达降水资料的对比研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王成刚  葛文忠  魏鸣 《遥感学报》2003,7(4):332-336

选取了1998年与1999年HUBEX观测资料，将TRMM卫星上的星载降雨雷达PR与阜阳的713数字化天气雷达资料在以下3个方面做了比较：(1)强度场的分布；(2)平均反射率廓线；(3)灵敏度。分析、比较结果可知阜阳雷达在探测灵敏度和水平方向的分辨率要高于PR，但由于波束宽度、衰减和资料转化过程计算误差的原因，其远距离处的观测值与真实值有一定偏差。PR波长短，对衰减敏感，尤其是在垂直方向上经过强衰减后，订正值仍偏小。但由于探测方式的不同PR在水平方向上不存在衰减的问题，且其资料分布均匀，因此提出一种用PR资料来订正地基雷达资料的方法用以提高地基雷达探测的精确度。  相似文献   

Weather as a Chronic Hazard for Road Transportation in Canadian Cities   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Jean Andrey  Brian Mills  Mike Leahy  Jeff Suggett 《Natural Hazards》2003,28(2-3):319-343

Inclement weather creates a chronic hazard for Canadian travellers. Past studies indicate that road collision rates increase during precipitation, although the magnitude of theincrease varies from study to study, partly as a result of variations in weather and driving conditions,but also because of differences in methods. The goal of the current study is to improve ourunderstanding of the links between weather and travel risk in mid-sized Canadian cities by using astandardized method for analyzing data from six cities with different climates: Halifax-Dartmouth,Ottawa, Québec, Hamilton, Waterloo Region, and Regina. The study has four interrelated objectives: (1) Toconduct a sensitivity analysis to determine the extent to which risk estimates vary depending onthe criteria used to define precipitation events and `normal' conditions; (2) To compare therelative risk of collision and injury during precipitation relative to `normal' conditions; (3) Todetermine the extent to which weather-related risks vary fordifferent Canadian cities; and (4) To explore any differences in collision characteristics between events and controls, especially as theyvary from city to city. Results are based on a matched-pair analysis, using six-hour time blocks over afour-year period, 1995 to 1998. Results indicate only modest sensitivity to the criteria used to define precipitation events and `normal' conditions. On average, precipitation is associated with a 75 percentincrease in traffic collisions and a 45 percent increase in related injuries, as compared to `normal'seasonal conditions, but risk levels vary depending on the characteristics of the weather event.Both sensitivity to specific weather conditions and weather-related accident profiles vary from city tocity in ways that are not easily explained.  相似文献   

Hazard Zoning for Landslides Connected to Torrential Floods in the Jerte Valley (Spain) by using GIS Techniques   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Carrasco  R.M.  Pedraza  J.  Martin-Duque  J.F.  Mattera  M.  Sanz  M.A.  Bodoque  J.M. 《Natural Hazards》2003,30(3):361-381

The Jerte Valley is anortheast-southwest tending graben located in the mountainous region of west central Spain (Spanish Central System). Mass movements have been a predominant shaping process on the Valley slopes during the Quaternary. Present day activity is characterized as either `first-time failure' (shallow debris slides and debris flows) or `reactivations' of pre-existing landslides deposits.A delineation of landslide hazard zoningwithin the Valley has been carried out by using the detailed documentation of a particular event (a debris slide and a sequel torrential flood, which occurred on the Jubaguerra stream gorge), and GIS techniques. The procedure has had four stages, which are: (1) the elaboration of a susceptibility map (spatial prediction) of landslides; (2) the elaboration of a map of `restricted susceptibility' in the particular case of slopes that are connected to streams and torrents (gorges); (3) the elaboration of a digital model which relates the altitude to the occurrence probability of those particular precipitation conditions which characterized the Jubaguerra event and (4) the combination of the probability model with the `restricted susceptibility map', to establish `critical zones' or areas which are more prone to the occurrence of phenomena that have same typology as this one.  相似文献   

济宁二号矿孤岛工作面冲击矿压危险及其控制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何烨  才庆祥  窦林名  张卫东 《岩土力学》2003,(Z2)

孤岛工作面及其周围巷道附近应力集中程度高,顶板运动剧烈,再加上地质构造的影响,采深较大时,冲击危险程度就高,很容易引发冲击矿压。《煤矿安全规程》要求孤岛工作面按冲击矿压危险工作面来管理。孤岛工作面冲击矿压危险检测预报及控制的技术是先分析冲击危险程度,确定冲击危险指数,提出早期预报;采用电磁辐射和钻屑法进行及时预报;采用卸压爆破进行处理,并采用电磁辐射和钻屑法检验防治措施的效果。实践证明,这套技术安全、可靠、有效,能够保证工作面的安全高效生产。  相似文献   

Paleoclimate reconstruction based on the timing of speleothem growth and oxygen and carbon isotope composition in a cave located in the rain shadow in Israel     

Anton VaksMiryam Bar-Matthews  Avner AyalonBettina Schilman  Mabs GilmourChris J Hawkesworth  Amos FrumkinAaron Kaufman  Alan Matthews 《Quaternary Research》2003,59(2):182-193

High-resolution ²³⁰Th/²³⁴U ages and δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C compositions of speleothems in Ma’ale Efrayim Cave located to the east of the central mountain ridge of Israel enable us to examine the nature of the rain shadow aridity during glacial and interglacial intervals. Speleothem growth occurred during marine glacial isotopic periods, with no growth during the two last marine isotope interglacial intervals and during the peak of the Last Glacial Maximum. This contrasts with speleothem growth in caves located on the western flank of the central mountain ridge, in the Eastern Mediterranean semiarid climatic zone, which continued throughout the last 240,000 yr. Thus, during glacial periods water reached both sides of the central mountain ridge. A comparison of the present-day rain and cave water isotopic compositions and amounts at the Ma’ale Efrayim Cave site with those on the western flank shows that evaporation and higher temperatures on the eastern flank are major influences on isotopic composition and the lack of rainfall. The δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C profiles of the speleothems deposited between 67,000 and 25,000 yr B.P. match the general trends of the isotopic profiles of Soreq Cave speleothems, suggesting a similar source (eastern Mediterranean Sea) and similar climatic conditions. Thus, during glacial periods the desert boundary effectively migrated further south or east from its present-day location on the eastern flank, whereas interglacial periods appear to have been similar to the present, with the desert boundary at the same position. The decrease in overall temperature and a consequent reduction in the evaporation to precipitation ratios on the eastern flank are viewed as the major factors controlling the decay of the rain shadow effect during glacial periods.  相似文献   

中尺度自忆模式在强降水预报中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

贾晓静  封国林  曹鸿兴 《大气科学》2003,27(2):265-272

根据大气自忆性原理提出的回溯时间积分格式应用于中尺度格点模式MM5,构建了中尺度自忆模式SMM5并做了短期强降水预报的实验.结果表明,SMM5模式与MM5模式相比,由于使用了多个时刻的场资料,预报精度有了明显的提高, SMM5预报的最大雨区的中心位置与降水量也比MM5更接近实际观测场.  相似文献   

天气学和天气预报的研究进展   总被引：14，自引：4，他引：14       下载免费PDF全文

陶诗言  赵思雄  周晓平  纪立人  孙淑清  高守亭  张庆云 《大气科学》2003,27(4):451-467

全面回顾了75年来中国科学院大气物理研究所科研人员在气团、锋面、梅雨、寒潮、阻高、副高、暴雨、高低空急流、亚澳季风区内涡旋和对流等现象的天气学研究进展及其在不同时期所取得的研究成果,总结了在短中期天气预报及短期气候预测领域在模式发展和改进以及在数值模拟等方面所取得的成就和进展.同时指出模式发展和预测在中国数值天气预报及短期气候预测方面所做出的贡献.  相似文献   

城市天气预报服务产品制作系统     

刘世祥  余勤  王小勇  何金梅  陈诚 《干旱气象》2003,21(2):12-14

利用FORTRAN和BASIC语言开发在WINDOWS．XX环境下运行的城市天气预报服务产品制作程序，包括报文采集、报文处理与翻译、报文检索与纠错、产品制作、产品输出与分发等内容，实现了大数量和多类型城市天气预报产品的自动制作。在保证准确、高效的专业预报服务中发挥了重要作用。  相似文献