基于观测系统模拟试验的海表气象观测站点布局方案研究     

刘丽丽  李英华  王雪莲  王炜  吴彬贵  邱晓滨  陈靖 《气候与环境研究》2019,24(6):711-722

为了科学设计黄渤海海洋气象边界层观测站网并研究观测网布局对数值天气预报模式的影响,本文采用模式误差、海洋气象要素特征区域资料统计分析和观测系统模拟试验（OSSE）方法,根据边界层雾、层云降水、小风与中等风速天气条件设计布局方案,并分析站点观测要素对数值预报模式的要素预报的影响。模拟试验数据使用了每6 h NCEP再分析资料FNL（NCEP Final Operational Global Analysis data）、NCEP每天平均的高分辨率海温资料RTG_SST（Real-Time Global Sea Surface Temperature）和石油平台、浮标站等每小时实况观测资料,评估了黄渤海海洋气象站网布局各个方案的优缺点。评估结果表明,湿度和风的要素预报受实况风向风速条件影响,偏东和偏北风个例湿度要素预报较好。然而,在偏南中等风速个例中,风场预报要素更接近实况。温度场的分析综合结果显示,在海气相互作用影响较大的天气过程中,特征区域布站能明显提高温度要素的预报准确率。最后,综合分析多项模拟试验的结果,给出了改进数值预报准确率的海洋布站建议。  相似文献   

优化方法在库岸斜坡稳定性评价中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

梁燕  李同录  李萍  陶福平 《水文地质工程地质》2009,36(6):114-117

对三峡库区归州老滑坡在库水位从175m下降到145m过程的滑坡稳定性进行研究,通过黄金分割方法优化计算时步,利用MIDAS/GTS有限元软件分析了库水位下降时岸坡内孔隙水压力的变化及由此引起的岸坡稳定性变化,确定了库水位下降量与库岸斜坡稳定安全系数的关系,结果表明:将优化方法用到库岸斜坡稳定性分析中,可提高计算效率;在库水位下降过程中,斜坡的稳定安全系数不是单调降低,而存在一个极小值;三峡库区归州老滑坡基本稳定。  相似文献   

地震与气象异常   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王尚彦  谷晓平 《贵州地质》2009,26(2):136-140

本文介绍了地震前和地震后气象异常的一些研究成果。统计结果表明,强震前1～4年震中地区出现干旱的概率比较大。我国寒冷时期地震的频数远较温暖时期高,地震前震中地区有增温现象。海洋和周缘发生特大地震过后,北半球和中国气温下降明显,黄河和长江可能出现洪灾。地震前、地震时和地震后,地震与气象的关系,是一个值得探索研究的领域。  相似文献   

刘山岩铜锌矿床成矿地质特征及成矿预测     

蔡锦辉  韦昌山  李铭  罗俊华 《华南地质与矿产》2009,(1):20-25

刘山岩铜锌矿是一座探明资源量面临枯竭的矿山。为寻求新的资源量,探讨该矿区进一步找矿的希望,解决矿山的生存问题,本文通过对刘山岩铜锌矿的地质勘察及开采期间的资料系统整理和研究,对过去的找矿思路进行仔细地分析,提出了刘山岩铜锌矿区深部找矿的具体方向,并对矿区进行了必要的物探工作,对隐伏矿体进行了矿体群的预测。  相似文献   

资源潜力评价中典型矿床与区域矿产编图思路讨论   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨合群  董福辰  谭文娟  肖朝阳  姜寒冰  张开春 《西北地质》2009,42(3):56-62

根据新一轮全国矿产资源潜力评价工作需要,首先按矿产预测类型选择典型矿床编制典型矿床成矿要素图-典型矿床预测要素图-典型矿床成矿模式图和预测模型图,然后再按预测研究工作区范围编制区域地质建造构造矿产图-区域成矿要素图-区域预测要素图-区域成矿模式图和预测模型图。讨论了有关图件的编制思路,并提出了图中突出显示成矿要素和预测要素的方法。  相似文献   

Identification of diffusion parameters in a nonlinear convection–diffusion equation using the augmented Lagrangian method     

T. K. Nilssen  K. H. Karlsen  T. Mannseth  X.-C. Tai 《Computational Geosciences》2009,13(3):317-329

Numerical identification of diffusion parameters in a nonlinear convection–diffusion equation is studied. This partial differential equation arises as the saturation equation in the fractional flow formulation of the two-phase porous media flow equations. The forward problem is discretized with the finite difference method, and the identification problem is formulated as a constrained minimization problem. We utilize the augmented Lagrangian method and transform the minimization problem into a coupled system of nonlinear algebraic equations, which is solved efficiently with the nonlinear conjugate gradient method. Numerical experiments are presented and discussed. This work was partially supported by the Research Council of Norway (NFR), under grant 128224/431.  相似文献   

基于灰色系统的原煤回采成本预测分析     

刘传志  汪云甲  李永峰 《测绘工程》2005,14(2):57-60

运用灰色预测理论结合VB编程,对煤炭回采成本中的各组成部分分别建立了预测模型,对平煤集团某煤矿的原煤回采成本进行了预测.经检验并与多项式回归方法及实际回采成本作对比,结果较为理想,使煤炭回采成本的预测更加符合实际,为煤炭回采成本的控制提供可靠的依据.  相似文献   

On the scavenging of SO2 by cloud and raindrops: II. An experimental study of SO2 absorption and desorption for water drops in air     

C. J. Walcek  H. R. Pruppacher  J. H. Topalian  S. K. Mitra 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1983,1(3):291-306

For the purpose of testing our previously described theory of SO₂ scavenging a laboratory investigation was carried out in the UCLA 33 m long rainshaft. Drops with radii between 250 and 2500 m were allowed to come to terminal velocity, after which they passed through a chamber of variable length filled with various SO₂ concentrations in air. After falling through a gas separating chamber consisting of a fluorocarbon gas the drops were collected and analyzed for their total S content in order to determine the rate of SO ₂ absorption.The SO₂ concentration in air studied ranged between 1 and 60% (v). Such relatively large concentrations were necessary due to the short times the drops were exposed to SO₂ in the present setup. The present experimental results were therefore not used to simulate atmospheric conditions but rather to test our previously derived theory which is applicable to any laboratory or atmospheric condition. Comparison of our studies with the results from our theory applied to our laboratory conditions led to predicted values for the S concentration in the drops which agreed well with those observed if the drops had radii smaller than 500 m. In order to obtain agreement between predicted and observed S concentrations in larger drops, an empirically derived eddy diffusivity for SO₂ in water had to be included in the theory to take into account the effect of turbulent mixing inside such large drops.In a subsequent set of experiments, drops initially saturated with S (IV) were allowed to fall through S-free air to determine the rate of SO ₂ desorption. The results of these studies also agreed well with the results of our theoretical model, thus justifying the reversibility assumption made in our theoretical models.In a final set of experiments, the effects of oxidation on SO₂ absorption was studied by means of drops containing various amounts of H₂O₂. For comparable exposure times to SO₂, the S concentration in drops with H₂O₂ was found to be up to 10 times higher than the concentration in drops in which no oxidation occurred.  相似文献   

缓变地形下β效应的Rossby代数孤立波     

宋健  刘全生  杨联贵 《地球物理学进展》2013,28(4)

正压流体中,从准地转位涡方程出发采用摄动方法和时空伸长变换推导了在缓变地形下β效应的Rossby代数孤立波方程,得到Rossby波振幅满足带有缓变地形非齐次Benjamin-Davis-Ono(BDO)方程的结论.通过分析孤立Rossby波振幅的演变,指出了β效应、地形效应是诱导Rossby孤立波产生的重要因素,说明了在缓变地形强迫效应和非线性作用相平衡的假定下,Rossby孤立波振幅的演变满足非齐次BDO方程,给出在切变基本气流下缓变地形和正压流体中Rossby波的相互作用.  相似文献   

Perfectly matched layer-absorbing boundary condition for finite-element time-domain modeling of elastic wave equations   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Zhao Jian-Guo  Shi Rui-Qi 《应用地球物理》2013,10(3):323-336

The perfectly matched layer (PML) is a highly efficient absorbing boundary condition used for the numerical modeling of seismic wave equation. The article focuses on the application of this technique to finite-element time-domain numerical modeling of elastic wave equation. However, the finite-element time-domain scheme is based on the second-order wave equation in displacement formulation. Thus, the first-order PML in velocity-stress formulation cannot be directly applied to this scheme. In this article, we derive the finite-element matrix equations of second-order PML in displacement formulation, and accomplish the implementation of PML in finite-element time-domain modeling of elastic wave equation. The PML has an approximate zero reflection coefficients for bulk and surface waves in the finite-element modeling of P-SV and SH wave propagation in the 2D homogeneous elastic media. The numerical experiments using a two-layer model with irregular topography validate the efficiency of PML in the modeling of seismic wave propagation in geological models with complex structures and heterogeneous media.  相似文献