规划类清洁发展机制项目开发的政策分析与建议     

曾少军  李翠平 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(3):187-192

 从规划类清洁发展机制（P-CDM）项目提出的背景出发,介绍了P-CDM项目开发的基本框架,对现阶段开发此类项目在指定国家主管机构审批、开发过程中的技术问题,指定的经营实体审定和减排量销售等方面所面临的困境进行了详细分析。针对上述问题,从政策选择角度,建议进一步完善国家主管机构的管理办法,发挥行业组织和科研机构的优势,解决P-CDM项目开发中存在的技术问题,通过规模效应促进P-CDM项目的市场建设,进一步简化相关的国际规则,以真正降低P-CDM项目开发的交易成本。  相似文献   

应对气候变化的国际技术协议评述   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

裴卿  王灿  吕学都 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(5):261-265

 国际技术协议通过促进技术的转让与升级,在发展中解决气候变化问题,因此受到越来越多的关注。根据"巴厘路线图"中的重要议题,在对国际技术协议进行简要介绍的基础上,评价了国际技术协议内在的价值与局限性。最后对国际技术协议的前景进行了展望,指出国际技术协议应当着眼于通过促进环境友好的先进技术由发达国家向发展中国家的转让,推动在应对气候变化领域内更深层次的南北合作,实现发展中国家的可持续发展,逐步解决气候变化问题。同时,为中国如何参与国际技术协议给出了建议。  相似文献   

以科学发展观为指导，积极应对气候变化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

韦力行 《气象研究与应用》2008,29(2):1-4

气候变化已经对全球生态、环境、经济和社会可持续发展以及外交和国家安全产生极大影响,引起各国政府、公众和学术界的极大关注。气候变化关系人类的生存和发展,应对气候变化实现可持续发展具有重要性和紧迫性。我们要以科学发展观为指导,把握好共同但有区别的责任,积极应对气候变化。  相似文献   

哈大齐工业走廊经济与环境协调发展评价指标体系——基于脆弱性视角的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

万鲁河  张茜  陈晓红 《地理研究》2012,31(9):1673-1684

采用聚类分析与方差分析相结合并借助碎石图的方法,并结合哈大齐工业走廊建设的特点,建立了包括经济和环境两大系统的一整套评价指标体系,在此基础上,构建了脆弱性评价模型及分级标准,并对哈大齐三个城市的经济与环境协调发展系统进行了评价。结果表明:(1)该指标体系构建方法较好的解决了指标在选取时的信息重叠和筛选后的指标存在片面性的问题;(2)哈大齐三个城市经济与环境协调发展系统综合脆弱性总体上随着城市的发展由重度脆弱逐渐过渡到轻度脆弱状态,且经济系统脆弱性基本好于环境系统脆弱性;(3)2007年,制约哈尔滨经济与环境协调发展系统脆弱性主要是环境治理指数,制约大庆和齐齐哈尔的主要是环境污染指数。  相似文献   

水资源可持续利用规划耦合模型与应用   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8  

蒋业放  梁季阳 《地理研究》2000,19(1):37-44

介绍了水资源可持续利用规划耦合模型和应用实例。从数学形式上看,它是多目标优化模型,目标函数选用自由度较高并具竞争性的系统状态指标;约束条件应该包括各相关子系统的状态模拟方程,使模拟与优化实现耦合。在研究实例中,选用了GDP和COD排放量指标来表征研究区的经济发展和环境状况,约束条件主要包括水资源系统模拟模型和宏观经济系统扩大再生产—投入产出耦合模型。由于水资源可持续利用规划决策是半结构化的决策问题,开发决策支持系统辅助决策有助于提高决策的科学性和有效性。  相似文献   

网格技术研发情况综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

龚强 《测绘与空间地理信息》2005,28(4):12-13

网格是继互联网的前两个浪潮Internet和Web之后的第三次浪潮,迅速受到全世界的瞩目。美国、欧洲、日本、韩国、中国等都启动了大型网格研究计划,并得到了产业界的支持。综述了各国网格技术研发情况。  相似文献   

Land reclamation in Egypt: A study of life in the new lands   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hanne Kirstine Adriansen   《Geoforum》2009,40(4):664-674

For decades, Egypt has tried to increase its agricultural area through reclamation of desert land. The significance of land reclamation goes beyond the size of the reclaimed area and number of new settlers and has been important to Egyptian agricultural policies since the 1952-revolution. This paper examines from a micro-perspective, the life of Egyptians resettled in the new lands. The first part of the paper provides an introduction to the discourses of land reclamation, to the policies of reclaimed land distribution, and to the background of the settlers. The second part is based on fieldwork in a village in the new lands; it is inhabited by graduates who have received land under the Mubarak Project. The analysis shows that they move there in hope of making a better life especially for their children. Nevertheless, the settlers have difficulties building a sense of belonging to the new villages, and lack of good schools and other public services may cause families to split up. For some, however, resettlement in the new lands entails new social and economic possibilities. The paper concludes that while land reclamation may not be ecologically or economic sustainable, the new lands provide settlers with new opportunities.  相似文献   

Globalising initiatives for gender equality and poverty reduction: Exploring ‘failure’ with reference to education and work among urban youth in The Gambia and Ghana     

Gareth A. Jones  Sylvia Chant 《Geoforum》2009,40(2):184-196

This paper focuses on what observers have perceived to be a failure of development leading to a ‘crisis of youth’ as increasing numbers of young people find it more difficult to gain education, access to health, a job and meet standard of living aspirations. For some, a possible escape is offered by migration to Europe, the United States or Australia, often illegally. For those remaining behind, however, international development agencies offer a ‘globalisation of solutions’ to employment, gender inequality and poverty through the millennium development goals and the programmes to attain them. In this paper we do not take the failures of development at face value but look at local contexts to present a more complex picture of the relation between education, work and social life. Based on fieldwork conducted in urban areas of The Gambia and Ghana, we argue that rather than education as a catch-all solution we need to give more attention to the costs incurred by and for young people in pursuing education and training, to the operation of and actual opportunities in labour markets, and to patterns of gender socialisation which give women limited scope to exercise agency. This paper explores key gender dimensions of work and education among low-income urban youth noting that despite on-going efforts to increase young women’s enrolment in schools and access to employment, gender inequalities have been far from eradicated. Our field interviews reveal how social expectations that women should perform the bulk of reproductive labour in their youth as well as in adulthood and constraints placed on young women’s personal freedom in respect of their social relationships reduce time dedicated to education and establish fewer contacts relevant to securing paid employment. The result is for men to end up with more educational qualifications, more skills, and higher-paying jobs, even if unemployment among young people in general remains a major problem.  相似文献   

Flexural isostasy in the Bolivian Andes: Chaco foreland basin development     

Claudia B. Prezzi  Cornelius E. Uba  Hans-Jürgen Gtze 《Tectonophysics》2009,474(3-4):526-543

The Chaco foreland basin was initiated during the late Oligocene as a result of thrusting in the Eastern Cordillera in response to Nazca–South America plate convergence. Foreland basins are the result of the flexural isostatic response of an elastic plate to orogenic and/or thrust sheet loading. We carried out flexural modelling along a W–E profile (21.4°S) to investigate Chaco foreland basin development using new information on ages of foreland basin strata, elastic and sedimentary thicknesses and structural histories. It was possible to reproduce present-day elevation, gravity anomaly, Moho depth, elastic thicknesses, foreland sedimentary thicknesses and the basin geometry. Our model predicted the basin geometry and sedimentary thicknesses for different evolutionary stages. Measured thicknesses and previously proposed depozones were compared with our predictions. Our results shed more light on the Chaco foreland basin evolution and suggest that an apparent decrease in elastic thickness beneath the Eastern Cordillera and the Interandean Zone could have occurred between 14 and 6 Ma.  相似文献   

Reproductive pattern and egg development of the deep-sea crab Paromola cuvieri (Brachyura,Homolidae) around the Canary Islands (NE Atlantic)     

《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2014

This work investigated the biology of Paromola cuvieri in the Atlantic Ocean, including reproductive patterns, sex structure, depth distribution and egg development. Females were more abundant than males, mainly at depths greater than 600 m. Males were dominant in size classes larger than 110 mm carapace width (CW), especially over 120 mm, for which only males were observed. The mean length of both sexes decreased with depth. P. cuvieri appears to have continuous reproduction throughout the year. Large females tend to spawn mainly between summer and winter, but smaller females spawn during the summer. Four maturity categories were identified based on the ovary colour, and these categories were histologically validated. Three categories of testes were identified according to their colour and morphology. Sexual maturity was estimated at sizes between 71.6 and 74.0 mm CW for females and at 91.0 mm CW for males. The relative growth showed changes along the ontogeny, at 73.6 mm CW (females) and 91.3–92.2 mm CW (males). Egg development appears to not be completely synchronous, and two colour patterns can be observed simultaneously. Four stages of egg development were found: eggs undivided and fully filled with yolk in orange egg masses; eggs with a free region of yolk visible in orange or red egg masses; embryos with slightly pigmented, crescent-shaped eyes in brown egg masses; and embryos with visible pigmented structures, enlarged eyes, segmented appendages and abdomen in brown egg masses. The mean number of external eggs carried by females in stage I was estimated to be 315,753±19,267. Three species of barnacle were observed on the exoskeleton: Poecilasma aurantia, Poecilasma crassa and Heteralepas microstoma (Cirripedia, Thoracica).  相似文献