有机酸盐热模拟产物中芳烃馏分特征及其地质意义     

雷天柱  夏燕青  靳明  邱军利  刘宗银  方琳浩 《沉积学报》2010,28(6):1250-1253

为了研究有机酸盐生烃演化特征,对有机酸盐进行了270℃、320℃、360℃、400℃和430℃一系列温度点的热模拟,实验结果表明,有机酸盐会大量转化为酮系列化合物,酮化合物最大产率阶段为320℃到360℃,其中360℃时产率最高,其转化率可达有机酸盐加入量的39%,400℃后产率急剧下降。这表明脂肪酸镁向酮系列化合物的最大转化温度段稍早或一致于有机质大量生烃阶段,但该类化合物对热较敏感,高温下不易保存,因此酮作为评价有机酸盐生烃贡献强度的指标只能适合于中—低温演化阶段的烃源岩。  相似文献   

东准噶尔蒙西斑岩铜钼矿床脉体特征及其形成机制   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

张永  梁广林  吴倩怡  吴琪  张征峰  吴慧平  屈迅  徐兴旺 《岩石学报》2010,26(10):2997-3006

蒙西斑岩铜钼矿床位于东准噶尔伊吾县琼河坝花岗岩北侧,以发育细脉、网脉状矿化为特征。脉体类型多样,包括石英脉、石英硫化物脉和硫化物脉等。根据脉体力学成因机制,其又可划分为水压破裂充填脉和构造破裂充填脉。构造破裂充填脉体按破裂形成的位错特征有正断与逆断两种。地表石英脉产状陡立,明显受断裂控制。脉体体积分数统计结果显示流体富集区呈向北缓倾的带状分布于深100～400m范围内,并与矿化富集带有较好的对应关系。脉体富集带内,脉体以共轭形式存在,一组为倾角较小的逆断破裂充填脉,另一组为倾角较大的正断破裂充填脉,他们可能为缓倾逆冲剪切带的次级破裂与充填脉,即富矿带内脉体是沿矿区低角度逆冲断裂次级破裂面充填的。矿区地表及深部(400m以下)脉体以陡立为主,矿化较弱。矿区流体的运移具先沿水压直立破裂往上运移,进入剪切带后沿剪切带次级破裂侧向和向上运移,并在剪切带中富集成矿。低温矿物组合脉体穿切高温矿物组合脉体的特征说明脉体形成过程矿区处于隆升构造环境,这对斑岩铜矿成矿有利。  相似文献   

中国太阳能供热采暖技术的现状与发展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑瑞澄 《中国勘察设计》2010,(7):68-71

本文介绍了我国太阳能供热采暖技术的发展现状及工程实例,指出了该项技术与国际先进水平的差距及存在的主要问题,提出了太阳能供热采暖今后在我国的发展趋势、发展目标和重点任务。  相似文献   

Species richness,diversity and density of understory vegetation along disturbance gradients in the Himalayan conifer forest     

Kesang WANGCHUK  András DARABANT  Prem Bahadur RAI  Maria WURZINGER  Werner ZOLLITSCH  Georg GRATZER 《山地科学学报》2014,11(5):1182-1191

We investigated whether species richness, diversity and density of understory herbaceous plants differed along logging(gap) and grazing(primarily by cattle) disturbance gradients, and sought to identify drivers of richness, diversity and density of understory vegetation of logged sites. A factorial experiment was conducted in the mixed conifer forest of Gidakom in Western Bhutan. Levels of the logging treatment included small(0.15 – 0.24 ha), medium(0.25 – 0.35 ha) and large(0.36 – 1.31 ha) gaps. The grazing treatment included grazed(primarily by cattle) and ungrazed(where herbivores were excluded by a fence) plots nested within each gap. Data were collected from 12 gaps(4 replicates at each level of logging) using the point intercept method. Shannon Weaver Diversity and Margalef's indices were used to estimate species diversity and describe species richness, respectively. Soil samples were analyzed for pH and nutrients. The interaction effect of logging and grazing was significant(p≤0.001) only on species diversity. Relative to ungrazed areas, species diversity was significantly higher(0.01≤p≤0.05) in medium grazed gaps. Under grazed conditions, soil P was negatively correlated with gap size and species diversity. While species diversity was positivelycorrelated(0.01≤p≤0.05) with soil N in grazed plots species richness was positively correlated(0.001≤p≤0.01) with soil N in ungrazed plots. Relative density of Yushania microphylla and Carex nubigena were higher under ungrazed conditions. Our study suggests that the combined effect of cattle grazing and logging results in higher species diversity of understory vegetation in medium and grazed gaps in mixed conifer forests of Bhutan,whereas increase or decrease in relative density of major species is determined primarily by the independent effects of grazing and logging. From management perspective, forest managers must refrain from creating large gaps to avoid loss of nutrients(mainly P and N), which may eventually affect tree regeneration. Managers intending to maintain understory vegetation diversity must consider the combined effects of grazing and logging, ensuring low to moderate grazing pressure.  相似文献   

复杂地形区陆面资料对WRF模式模拟性能的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何建军  余晔  刘娜  赵素平  陈晋北 《大气科学》2014,38(3):484-498

本文利用WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式耦合Noah陆面过程模式,对比研究了使用不同精度陆面资料:WRF默认陆面资料、中国1 km分辨率数字高程模型数据集、2006年MODIS（MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer）土地利用和植被覆盖度资料,WRF模式对兰州地区冬季气象场模拟结果的差异。结果表明,近地面气温对陆面资料的精度非常敏感,而风场对陆面资料的精度不敏感,WRF模式对气温的模拟效果好于对风场模拟。采用高精度且时效性好的陆面资料后,WRF模拟的近地面气温准确率提高了15.8%,模拟的夜间气温改进幅度较白天大。陆面资料可影响整个边界层温度场分布,准确的陆面资料对提高WRF模式模拟近地面乃至整个边界层气象场至关重要。尽管风速模拟误差较大,但总体上WRF模式能较准确地模拟出研究区的风场演变特征。使用新的陆面资料后WRF模拟的风速误差略有减小,风向误差略有增加。干旱半干旱区冬季数值模拟需要注意土壤湿度初值和模式初始积分时刻对模拟结果的影响。  相似文献   

城市地铁变形监测数据处理     

杨国东  詹福雷 《东北测绘》2014,(2):6-8,11

为确保地铁施工安全进行变形监测是非常重要的手段,而变形监测的最终目的是预测,即对观测物的未来形态进行预报和分析。时间序列的原理是找出事物随时间变化的规律,从而对数据变化趋势做出正确的分析和预报。本文通过对时间序列的研究对长春地铁繁荣路站的变形监测数据进行了分析和预报。  相似文献   

珠江三角洲不同成土母质发育水稻土镉活动性差异及其影响因素     

王佳鑫  侯青叶  叶丹君  杨忠芳  余涛 《现代地质》2023,37(1):197-207

随着我国经济社会的快速发展,土壤重金属的超标问题越来越突出,尤其是Cd。土壤Cd活动性受到各种因素的影响,但成土母质对土壤Cd活动性影响的研究成果还鲜有报道。以珠江三角洲为研究区,系统采集了由第四纪沉积物、酸性侵入岩和陆源碎屑岩3种不同成土母质发育形成的水稻土样品235件,查明了土壤理化特征,探讨了Cd全量及其活动态的影响因素。结果表明：不同成土母质发育形成的水稻土理化性质、Cd全量及其活动态的影响因素存在差异。第四纪沉积物发育形成的水稻土CaO、K₂O、Na₂O、TFe₂O₃、阳离子交换量(CEC)、pH、有机质、黏粒平均含量显著高于酸性侵入岩和陆源碎屑岩,Cd超标最为严重,不同方法提取的Cd活动态含量也最高;陆源碎屑岩发育形成的水稻土中Cd全量与土壤理化指标的相关性均强于其他两类成土母质;酸性侵入岩发育形成的水稻土中Cd全量与土壤理化指标的相关性较弱。Cd全量对其活动态含量有重要影响,此外,第四纪沉积物发育的水稻土中Cd活动态含量与pH、有机质和TFe₂O₃  相似文献   

Eastward subduction of the Indian plate beneath the Indo-Myanmese arc revealed by teleseismic P-wave tomography          下载免费PDF全文

Yu Gao  Jiansi Yang  Yu Zheng 《地震科学（英文版）》2022,35(4):243-262

The deep structure of the eastward-subducting Indian plate can provide new information on the dynamics of the India-Eurasia collision. We collected and processed waveform data from temporary seismic arrays (networks) on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, seismic arrays in Northeast India and Myanmar, and permanent stations of the China Digital Seismic Network in Tibet, Gansu, Qinghai, Yunnan, and Sichuan. We combined these data with phase reports from observation stations of the International Seismological Center on the Indian plate and selected 124,808 high-quality P-wave relative travel-time residuals. Next, we used these data to invert the 3-D P-wave velocity structure of the upper mantle to a depth of 800 km beneath the eastern segment of the arcuate Himalayan orogen, at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The results reveal a high-angle, easterly dipping subducting plate extending more than 200 km beneath the Indo-Myanmese arc. The plate breaks off at roughly 96°E; its fragments have passed through the 410-km discontinuity (D410) into the mantle transition zone (MTZ). The MTZ beneath the Tengchong volcanic area contains a high-velocity anomaly, which does not exceed the Red River fault to the east. No other large-scale continuous subducted plates were observed in the MTZ. However, a horizontally spreading high-velocity anomaly was identified on the D410 in some regions. The anomaly may represent the negatively buoyant 90°E Ridge plate or a thickened and delaminated lithospheric block experiencing collision and compression at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The Tengchong volcano may originate from the mantle upwelling through the slab window formed by the break-off of the subducting Indian continental plate and oceanic plate in the upper mantle. Low-velocity upper mantle materials on the west side of the Indo-Myanmese arc may have supplemented materials to the Tengchong volcano.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地塔中—巴楚地区奥陶系内幕不整合     

邓胜徽  杜品德  卢远征  黄智斌  景秀春  张师本  樊茹  杨芝林  李鑫 《地质论评》2015,61(2):324-332

塔里木盆地塔中-巴楚地区奥陶系内部存在一期重要的不整合。通过对数十口钻井的地层、古生物研究及与露头剖面的对比,发现该不整合的顶、底层位变化较大,地层缺失量在不同地区有所差异,可大致分为两种情况:其一是塔中地区,上奥陶统良里塔格组覆于鹰山组第三段(下奥陶统上部)之上,且有部分钻井良里塔格组下部也发育不全,缺失了至少11个牙形石带,相当于有17~20Ma的地层缺失;其二是巴楚地区,良里塔格组覆于鹰山组第二段或鹰山组第一段(中奥陶统下部)之上,缺失了至少8个牙形石带,相当于有约14Ma的地层缺失。上述地层缺失主要是由于中奥陶世以后塔里-巴楚地区出水成陆,碳酸盐岩地层受大气淡水溶蚀的结果。在不整合之下碳酸盐岩地层中形成的岩溶是十分重要的油气储层。因此,对该不整合的研究对于塔中、巴楚地区奥陶系,特别是鹰山组的油气勘探具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

Effects of land-use changes on organic carbon in bulk soil and associated physical fractions in China's Horqin Sandy Grassland     

YuQiang Li  YinPing Chen  ShaoKun Wang  WenDa Huang  JianPeng Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(1):0050-0058

The Horqin Sandy Grassland is one of the most seriously desertified areas in China's agro-pastoral ecotone due to its fragile ecology, combined with improper and unsustainable land management. We inves...  相似文献