Integrating environmental variables and WorldView-2 image data to improve the prediction and mapping of Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug) damage in plantation forests     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

This study integrated environmental variables together with high spectral resolution WorldView-2 imagery to detect and map Thaumastocoris peregrinus damage in Eucalypt plantation forests in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The WorldView-2 bands, vegetation indices and environmental variables were entered separately into PLS regression models to predict T. peregrinus damage. The datasets were then integrated to test the collective strength in predicting T. peregrinus damage. Important variables were identified by variable importance (VIP) scores and were re-entered into a PLS regression model. The VIP model was then extrapolated to map the severity of damage and predicted T. peregrinus damage with an R² value of 0.71 and a RMSE of 3.26% on an independent test dataset. The red edge and near-infrared bands of the WorldView-2 sensor together with the temperature dataset were identified as important variables in predicting T. peregrinus damage. The results indicate the potential of integrating WorldView-2 data and environmental variables to improve the mapping and monitoring of insect outbreaks in plantation forests. The result is critical for plantation health monitoring using a new sensor which contains important vegetation wavelengths.  相似文献   

利用地面三维激光扫描进行桥梁挠度变形分析     

赵立都  向中富  周银  马下平  张双成  司梦元  陈茂霖  胡川  潘建平 《测绘通报》2022,(5):95-100

针对常规桥梁挠度变形分析方法仅能获取有限数量离散监测点的几何变形,且存在自动化程度低、效率低、局限性大的问题,本文提出了一种基于点云数据的桥梁挠度变形分析方法。首先通过地面三维激光扫描仪获取桥梁变形体上的点云数据,经过精确配准,获取可靠点云数据。然后利用滑动窗口法得到桥梁线形,并通过两期线形叠差分析得到桥梁挠度变化。最后以跨度40 m+65 m+40 m的连续钢构桥实体工程为试验对象,利用本文方法发现该桥梁存在最小值为8 mm、跨中最大值为17.5 mm、平均值为14.9 mm的挠度变形。结果表明,该方法理论严密、计算效率高、简单实用。研究结果对三维激光扫描技术在变形监测领域的深度应用有重要借鉴意义。  相似文献   

典型矿区深层地下水重金属含量特征及健康风险评价——以皖北矿区为例   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

林曼利  桂和荣  彭位华  孙林华  陈松  李致春 《地球学报》2014,35(5):589-598

以皖北矿区为例,分析测试了不同含水层(松散、煤系、太灰、奥灰)中的6种重金属元素(Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni),对其含量特征及健康风险评价进行了研究。结果表明,6种重金属在不同含水层含量大小次序各不一样,从整体来看,研究区地下水中所测重金属含量依次为NiZnPbCuCdCr,与太灰水一致;整体地下水中Cr、Cu和Zn均未超过(GB/T14848—93)中Ⅲ类水质标准,Cd、Pb和Ni有部分水样超过标准限值。化学致癌物Cd和Cr在各含水层所致健康危害风险值数量级在10-6~10-4 a-1,Cr健康风险值在各含水层中均大于Cd,Cr在煤系含水层危害风险值(1.29×10-4 a-1)已超过美国环境保护局(USEPA)最大可接受风险(1×10-4 a-1),为研究区首要的环境健康风险管理控制指标。化学非致癌物Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni四种重金属健康危害风险值较小,数量级在10–11~10-8 a-1,Pb和Ni健康危害风险值相对较高,也应引起重视。各含水层总的健康风险值大小次序为:煤系太灰奥灰松散,前三者已超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的(5×10-5 a-1)最大可接受风险,其中煤系含水层总的健康风险值为1.46×10-4 a-1,已超过USEPA(1×10-4 a-1)推荐的最大可接受风险。对矿区深层地下水开展重金属含量分析和健康风险评价,可为地下水水资源的开采利用和保护提供参考。  相似文献   

Health risk assessment for typical and abandoned chromium-contaminated sites     

Hongyan Deng  Gangcai Chen 《中国地球化学学报》2014,33(4):382-386

Chromium pollution were investigated by sampling the abandoned chromium contaminated sites in Chongqing. Its health risk was assessed following the procedures made by USEPA. The results showed that the most seriously polluted land was found at the former production area （G4） with average Cr（VI） concentration of 3369.2 mg kg-1 on the surface soil. The assessment indicated that there was high risk of non-carcinogens for children. The assessed risk of the first layer of office area （G1） for children, chromium slag transition （G2）, drainage pipeline chromium slag transition （G3） and production area （G4） for both children and adults were not acceptable （〉1.00× 106）. It was strongly suggested that the accessible measures of remediation should be taken for a portion of contaminated sites before the reuse of abandoned lands.  相似文献   

山东省沂南县东部土壤重金属生态健康风险评价          下载免费PDF全文

刘同  刘传朋  邓俊  康鹏宇  王凯凯  赵玉岩 《中国地质》2022,49(5):1497-1508

【研究目的】 山东是中国矿业与农业发达省份、沂南县东部堪称其代表。掌握当地土壤重金属污染及对生态健康风险的影响对生态环境保护有重要意义。【研究方法】 系统调查分析表层土壤样品4779件,获取Hg、Cd、Cr、Ni、As、Cu、Pb、Zn等元素分布最新数据,并用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和健康风险评估模型等评价研究了生态健康风险及相关问题。【研究结果】 （1）上述重金属均量与临沂市土壤背景值大致相当,仅Hg略偏高且变异系数最大,指示当地土壤Hg受人类活动影响明显。与国家农用地土壤污染风险筛选值相比,Cu、Cr、Ni是相对主要超标元素,As、Cd、Cu、Pb超标倍数大,它们均可能会产生生态健康危害;（2）据地累积指数平均值,该区土壤总体无污染,据单样值,Hg、Cu污染最突出,其他6元素污染较轻;（3）生态风险方面,Hg、Cd是主要生态风险元素,As、Cu次之。高生态风险区为铜井镇南东部、界湖镇西北金场附近以及县城西部主城区3个片区;（4）人体健康风险方面,重金属对成人不具有非致癌风险和致癌风险,极个别地区对儿童具有非致癌风险和致癌风险,Cr、As是主要非致癌风险元素,As致癌风险最大。【结论】 沂南县东部土壤质量总体较好,铜井镇南东部、界湖镇西北金场附近以及县城西部主城区3个片区为高生态风险区,Hg、Cr、As为主要生态健康风险元素。  相似文献   

赣南北部黄陂河流域离子型稀土矿地区水质与健康风险评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘斯文  黄园英  赵文博  魏吉鑫  徐春丽  马嘉宝  刘久臣  黄采文 《岩矿测试》2022,(3):488-498

水质安全和健康是保障中国赣南老区乡村振兴发展的重要因素。赣南离子型稀土矿长期开发利用,导致浸矿剂和矿体中重金属元素等危害人体健康的物质进入水循环系统,给周边乡村饮用水卫生安全带来了潜在风险。目前,针对当地复垦后稀土矿及周边地区水质和健康风险缺乏系统调查评价,本文以《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)为评价依据,选择赣南北部黄陂河流域典型离子型稀土矿及周边的水体开展调查研究,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱/质谱等技术测定锰、镉等元素含量,采用水质指数(WQI)、危害商(HQ)、致癌风险(CR)评价了锰和铅等9种指标及其健康风险。结果表明：地表水中的异常指标有氨氮(平均值750μg/L)、锰(平均值207μg/L),地下水中的异常指标有氨氮(平均值4533μg/L)、锰(平均值4009μg/L);世界卫生组织(WHO)公布的Ⅰ类致癌物砷在地表水及地下水均未见异常。WQI显示研究区内85.7%的地表水适宜饮用。地表水及地下水中氨氮的HQ平均值<1,对人类健康没有不良影响;地下水中锰的HQ平均值>1,可能会对人类健康产生不良影响。地表水及地下水中致癌元素砷的CR值分布区...  相似文献   

四川邻水县华蓥山—西槽土壤Cu地球化学特征与生态健康     

赵筱媛  杨忠芳  程惠怡  马旭东  王珏  李志坤  王琛  李明辉  雷风华 《物探与化探》2022,(1):238-249

铜(Cu)是人体所必需的微量元素,目前我国还没有农作物Cu含量的推荐值,更缺少开发富Cu土地资源的土壤Cu含量标准。本文以四川省邻水县华蓥山—西槽耕地区为研究区,根据1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查获取的表层土壤、农作物及根系土中Cu含量数据调查结果,研究了土壤与农作物中Cu的含量及分布特征,分析了玉米籽实Cu生物富集系数(BAF)的影响因素,构建了玉米籽实Cu的BAF预测模型,提出了开发富Cu玉米和富Cu土地资源的Cu含量最佳赋值范围。研究结果显示:(1)研究区表层土壤Cu含量范围为(3.33～173)×10^-6,平均值、中位值分别为26.85×10^-6、25.60×10^-6。土壤Cu高值区主要分布在邻水县华蓥山玄武岩、碳酸盐岩与炭质页岩为成土母岩的地区,土壤Cu低值区分布在西槽侏罗系砂页岩为成土母岩的地区。(2)研究区玉米籽实Cu含量范围为(0.80～2.71)×10^-6,平均值为1.76×10^-6,中位值为1.82×10^-6。(3)为保证人体摄入Cu安全...  相似文献   

Classifying high-prevalence neighborhoods for cardiovascular disease in Texas     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in the state of Texas. In order to develop effective healthcare policies to combat CVD, it is essential to understand what types of communities are most affected. In this paper, we develop a classification scheme to segment high-prevalence communities based on selected social and demographic characteristics. We find that while many high-prevalence areas reflect traditional relationships between socioeconomic deprivation and poor health outcomes, a subset of more affluent communities in Texas are also affected. This suggests the importance of tailored approaches to prevention that account for this diversity among high-prevalence neighborhoods.  相似文献   

Using simulated data to investigate the spatial patterns of obesity prevalence at the census tract level in metropolitan Detroit     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Obesity is a serious public health problem in the United States. It is important to estimate obesity prevalence at the local level to target programmatic and policy interventions. It is challenging, however, to obtain local estimates of obesity prevalence because national health surveys such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) are not designed to produce direct estimates at the local levels (e.g. census tracts) due to small population samples and the need to preserve individual confidentiality. In this study we address the problem of estimating local obesity prevalence rates by implementing a spatial microsimulation modeling technique to proportionally replicate the demographic characteristics of BRFSS respondents to census tract populations in metropolitan Detroit. Obesity prevalence rates are examined for high and low spatial clusters and studied in relation to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) measures of low-income neighborhoods and local food deserts and CDC's measure of healthy and less healthy food environments currently used to target obesity reduction initiatives. This study found that obesity prevalence was largely clustered in the City of Detroit extending north into contiguous suburbs. The spatial patterns of highest obesity prevalence tracts were most similarly aligned with USDA-defined low-income tracts and CDC's less healthy food tracts. The locations of USDA's food desert tracts rarely overlapped with the highest obesity prevalence tracts. This study demonstrated a new methodology by which to assess local areas in need of future obesity interventions.  相似文献   

Shifting production/shifting consumption: A political ecology of health perceptions in Kumaon,India     

《Geoforum》2015

Despite rapid economic growth, India has not seen the improvements in food and nutritional security that other developing countries have had. This “Asian enigma” has generated a wealth of economistic analyses seeking to explain the persistence of poor nutrition, yet few studies have looked at everyday experiences of changing food systems, and how this impacts nutritional practices as well as the processes of subject formation. In this paper, I draw on qualitative research conducted in Uttarakhand, North India and examine how state-led shifts in agricultural production have resulted in changing food consumption practices and diminished perceptions of health. Villagers link this decreased health to increased chemicals in home-produced food, greater dependence on the market for food purchases, and generational changes in dietary preferences. Despite villagers’ cognizance of the negative health effects of these practices, they largely view these byproducts of capitalistic development with an air of inevitability. Following Mansfield (2011) this paper contributes to the political ecology of health literature by employing the concept of food as a “vector of intercorporeality” (Stassart and Whatmore, 2003:449) and bringing this into conversation with a poststructuralist understanding of subjectivity. I argue that within shifting landscapes of agriculture production and food consumption, notions of diminished health are indicative of the complex and always incomplete processes of subject formation. I view shifting health perceptions as intimate bodily resistances to agricultural development, and conclude that within agricultural development programs a focus on bodily health and well-being is a fecund platform for further experimental research that seeks to imagine development differently.  相似文献