Cross helicity and related dynamo     

N. Yokoi 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-2):114-184

The turbulent cross helicity is directly related to the coupling coefficients for the mean vorticity in the electromotive force and for the mean magnetic-field strain in the Reynolds stress tensor. This suggests that the cross-helicity effects are important in the cases where global inhomogeneous flow and magnetic-field structures are present. Since such large-scale structures are ubiquitous in geo/astrophysical phenomena, the cross-helicity effect is expected to play an important role in geo/astrophysical flows. In the presence of turbulent cross helicity, the mean vortical motion contributes to the turbulent electromotive force. Magnetic-field generation due to this effect is called the cross-helicity dynamo. Several features of the cross-helicity dynamo are introduced. Alignment of the mean electric-current density J with the mean vorticity Ω , as well as the alignment between the mean magnetic field B and velocity U , is supposed to be one of the characteristic features of the dynamo. Unlike the case in the helicity or α effect, where J is aligned with B in the turbulent electromotive force, we in general have a finite mean-field Lorentz force J ?×? B in the cross-helicity dynamo. This gives a distinguished feature of the cross-helicity effect. By considering the effects of cross helicity in the momentum equation, we see several interesting consequences of the effect. Turbulent cross helicity coupled with the mean magnetic shear reduces the effect of turbulent or eddy viscosity. Flow induction is an important consequence of this effect. One key issue in the cross-helicity dynamo is to examine how and how much cross helicity can be present in turbulence. On the basis of the cross-helicity transport equation, its production mechanisms are discussed. Some recent developments in numerical validation of the basic notion of the cross-helicity dynamo are also presented.  相似文献   

New mechanism of generation of large-scale magnetic field in a sheared turbulent plasma     

N. Kleeorin  I. Rogachevskii   《Planetary and Space Science》2007,55(15):2315-2318

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台风“温比亚”引发豫东“18.8”极端降水的特征与成因分析          下载免费PDF全文

康邵钧  康庄  朱蒙 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2023,17(2):36-43

利用多源气象资料，对台风“温比亚”引发豫东降水的极端性特征及极端降水产生机制进行分析，提炼预报着眼点。此次降水是河南继驻马店“75·8”暴雨之后的又一次罕见特大暴雨，表现为过程雨量极大、破极值站数最多、降水强度极大、强降水时段集中的特征。结果表明：（1）高低空系统耦合为特大暴雨的发生发展创造了良好的环境条件，极端降水的产生主要受台风北侧螺旋云系影响，并有持续不断的强回波单体在同一个地点移动，冷空气与台风环流相互作用是重要的预报着眼点，重点分析台风和副热带高压的相对运动及西风带对台风的引导作用。（2）河南东部水汽输送条件一直处于较好的状态，这是降水维持较长时间的重要因素，急流中心区域和强度的变化对降水量多少有指示意义。（3）豫东地区对流不稳定和斜压不稳定均比较明显，低层MPV1<0、MPV2>0的区域与强降水落区有较好的对应关系。（4）强辐合中心位于台风中心的北侧，降水强度与辐合强度有较好的对应关系，螺旋度大值区分布对强降水的分布区域有较好的指示意义。  相似文献   

2019年6月17日河北张家口线状对流中的龙卷环境场与特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

姬雪帅  石文伯  郭宏  张曦丹 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2023,17(1):77-82

利用常规气象资料、NCEP FNL 1°×1°再分析资料以及卫星雷达资料，对2019年6月17日发生在张家口的一次与线状对流伴随的龙卷天气进行分析。结果表明：（1）龙卷天气发生在对流层中低层高能中心、强垂直风切变以及中层强风速区的环境中。（2）中低层强的正水平螺旋度、低层强辐合与高层强辐散配置为龙卷发生提供了有利的环境条件。（3）在对流不稳定区，边界层辐合线是对流的触发条件，弧状云线的发展加强和上冲云顶的识别分析有利于判断对流云团的发展趋势，对强对流的短临预警有重要参考意义。（4）通过雷达资料与风场反演分析，线状对流中的龙卷是由γ中尺度涡旋在低层强辐合与上升气流的拉伸下形成的。强辐合区主要位于3 km高度以下。  相似文献