西藏当雄错—姆错丙尼地区早二叠世拉嘎组及杂砾岩成因探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李晓勇  肖业斌  袁建芽  黄传冠  谢国刚  欧阳克贵 《江西地质》2001,15(4):247-252

本文通过1：25万《邦多区幅》和《措麦区福》区域地质调查，对西藏当雄错－姆错丙尼地区的早二叠世拉嘎组进行了地层生物及杂砾岩特征的研究，认为：所采生物化石均赋存于滑塌块体中，反映的地质时期为早二叠世Sakmarian-Artinskian期，而赋含滑塌块体的“基质”地层时代应稍晚于早二叠世Sakmarian-Artinskian期；沉积特征表明杂砾岩成因具冰海相和水下块体重力流的双重（复合）性质。  相似文献   

计算雷达截面的积分方程法     

嵇驿民  王宝瑞 《南京气象学院学报》1991,14(1):61-72

  相似文献   

Observations of nitric oxide fluxes over grass     

M. L. Wesely  D. L. Sisterson  R. L. Hart  D. L. Drapcho  I. Y. Lee 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,9(4):447-463

Eddy correlation measurements of NO vertical flux were made periodically from October 1983 through June 1984 at a height of eight meters above grass in northeastern Illinois, U.S.A. From 207 data points, each representing a 25 min average, 19 daytime cases and 8 nighttime cases were selected on the basis of steady, nonadvective atmospheric conditions. Each case was represented by a set of data constituting a 3 to 5 hr average. Concentrations of O₃, NO, and NO _y (from which NO₂ was inferred) and local atmospheric and surface conditions also were measured, to provide the information necessary to assess the relative importance of surface deposition, surface emission, and air chemistry on the observed NO flux. On the basis of a linear regression analysis applied with independent variables representing physical, chemical, and biological processes, surface uptake of NO was very small for data primarily collected in the daytime during spring, and measured deposition velocities at a height of 8 m were very small, much smaller than expected for NO₂. For the same time period, the surface emission rates of elemental nitrogen in NO were in the range of 1.4 to 4.2 ng m^-2 s^-1 for moist, unsaturated soils at temperatures near 15° C. These emissions were partially masked in the measured fluxes by rapid in-air chemical reactions involving O₃ and NO₂. The effects of rapid in-air chemical reactions involving O₃ were to decrease the (upward) flux of NO with height. While the information collected at night was too limited to strongly support hypotheses concerning emissions and deposition, a pathway for NO production by reactions involving NO₃ and related compounds was indicated. For daytime conditions, this production pathway is not evident, probably because of the relatively strong effects of photochemical reactions involving NO, NO₂, and O₃.Formerly with the Chemical Technology Division of Argonne National Laboratory and currently affiliated with Bio-Rad Laboratories, Digilab Division, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.  相似文献   

Effect of metamorphic reactions on thermal evolution in collisional orogens   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. LYUBETSKAYA  J. J. AGUE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2009,27(8):579-600

The effects of metamorphic reactions on the thermal structure of a collisional overthrust setting are examined via forward numerical modelling. The 2D model is used to explore feedbacks between the thermal structure and exhumation history of a collisional terrane and the metamorphic reaction progress. The results for average values of crustal and mantle heat production in a model with metapelitic crust composition predict a 25–40 °C decrease in metamorphic peak temperatures due to dehydration reactions; the maximum difference between the P–T–t paths of reacting and non‐reacting rocks is 35–45 °C. The timing of the thermal peak is delayed by 2–4 Myr, whereas pressure at peak temperature conditions is decreased by more than 0.2 GPa. The changes in temperature and pressure caused by reaction may lead to considerable differences in prograde reaction pathways; the consumption of heat during dehydration may produce greenschist facies mineral assemblages in rocks that would have otherwise attained amphibolite facies conditions in the absence of reaction enthalpy. The above effects, although significant, are produced by relatively limited metamorphic reaction which liberates only half of the water available for dehydration over the lifetime of the prograde metamorphism. The limited reaction is due to the lack of heat in a model with the average thermal structure and relatively fast erosion, a common outcome in the numerical modelling of Barrovian metamorphism. This problem is typically resolved by invoking additional heat sources, such as high radiogenic heat production, elevated mantle heating or magmatism. Several models are tested that incorporate additional radiogenic heat sources; the elevated heating rates lead to stronger reaction and correspondingly larger thermal effects of metamorphism. The drop in peak temperatures may exceed 45 °C, the maximum temperature differences between the reacting and non‐reacting P–T–t paths may reach 60 °C, and pressure at peak temperature conditions is decreased by more than 0.2 GPa. Field observations suggest that devolatilization of metacarbonate rocks can also exert controls on metamorphic temperatures. Enthalpies were calculated for the reaction progress recorded by metacarbonate rocks in Vermont, and were used in models that include a layer of mixed metapelite–metacarbonate composition. A model with the average thermal structure and erosion rate of 1 mm year^?1 can provide only half of the heat required to drive decarbonation reactions in a 10 km thick mid‐crustal layer containing 50 wt% of metacarbonate rock. Models with elevated heating rates, on the other hand, facilitated intensive devolatilization of the metacarbonate‐bearing layer. The reactions resulted in considerable changes in the model P–T–t paths and ～60 °C drop in metamorphic peak temperatures. Our results suggest that metamorphic reactions can play an important role in the thermal evolution of collisional settings and are likely to noticeably affect metamorphic P–T–t paths, peak metamorphic conditions and crustal geotherms. Decarbonation reactions in metacarbonate rocks may lead to even larger effects than those observed for metapelitic rocks. Endothermic effects of prograde reactions may be especially important in collisional settings containing additional heat sources and thus may pose further challenges for the ‘missing heat’ problem of Barrovian metamorphism.  相似文献   

垃圾填埋场覆盖层土壤水运动信息测度分析          下载免费PDF全文

张文贤  张展羽  王康 《水科学进展》2009,20(6):838-844

垃圾填埋场覆盖层土壤水运动试验,分别采用活动性流场模型(ARM)与连续性模型对覆盖层土壤体积含水率进行模拟,用信息量和复杂性测度度量了ARM模型和连续性模型模拟水流运动的效果。大于(或小于)均值的土壤体积含水率分别进行了二元符号1(或0)编码,用基质熵和信息传递链测度系统信息含量,用涨落复杂度和有效测度复杂度度量了系统复杂程度。结果表明,信息含量和复杂性测度可用于比较ARM和连续性模型,与连续性模型相比,ARM模拟的水流运动系统信息含量增多,复杂程度增大,与实测值序列的差异较小,相比连续性模型,ARM更为有效地模拟了填埋场覆盖层土壤水流运动。  相似文献   

铁柱撑蒙脱石可见光催化降解活性艳橙性能及动力学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈秋强  吴平霄  李涛  李媛媛  邢宁 《矿物岩石》2009,29(2)

采用铁柱撑蒙脱石（Fe-Mt）作为光催化剂,与H2O2在可见光条件下形成异相photo—Fenton（异相光芬顿）试剂对活性艳橙（X—GN）进行降解实验,研究不同反应体系对X—GN的降解情况,以及X—GN浓度、PH值、催化剂用量、H2O2浓度、反应温度等不同因素对X—GN光解过程的影响。结果表明：可见光照射下,在反应温度为30℃,pH为3．0,H2O2浓度为4．9mmol／L,Fe—Mt用量为0．6g／L,Fe-Mt／H2O2的可见光体系下,降解X—GN效果最好,140min后X—GN的降解率为98．5％;在此基础上进行的动力学研究则表明反应接近于表观一级反应。  相似文献   

白鹤滩水电站坝址区玄武岩水一岩作用模拟及应用研究     

王建平  陆海凌 《地下水》2009,31(1):44-47

采用水一岩作用线型规划的模拟方法,以白鹤滩水电工程为实例,从水化学方面对坝区复杂水文地质条件作定量分析评价。建立由目标函数和约束条件方程组构成的数学模型,利用Excel规划求解的功能对其进行求解,为评价坝区水文地质条件提供了依据。  相似文献   

不同排水条件下砂-黄土界面的剪切力学特性     

洪勇  周蓉  郑孝玉  凌贤长 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(4):1073-1081

为了研究异质土在不同排水条件下的力学机理,进行了一系列环剪试验,对单一黄土、单一砂、砂-黄土组成的异质土在剪切力学特性上的差异及其产生机理进行了比较分析。结果表明：在不同排水条件下,砂-黄土组成的异质土在相互接触剪切的过程中,剪切应力变化形态和抗剪强度与单一黄土、单一砂之间存在显著差异,即砂-黄土组成的异质土在其剪切过程中呈现出了黏性土的剪切力学特征;在相同剪切速率条件下,砂-黄土组成的异质土在不同排水条件下的抗剪强度比单一黄土和单一砂的抗剪强度至少降低了71%和51%。不同排水条件下砂-黄土的剪切力学性质出现了差异,其主要原因与剪切面处砂与黄土之间的相互作用以及剪切面处土体内孔隙水状态有关。  相似文献   

考虑力学参数关联的非均质煤概率模型   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张春会  赵全胜  于永江 《岩土力学》2011,32(2):564-570

何考虑煤的力学参数之间的关联性是非均质煤储层模拟的关键。通过试验获得了阜新五龙矿某工作面102组煤样的弹性模量、单轴抗压和抗拉强度,定义了弹性模量无量纲因数、单轴抗压强度无量纲因数和抗拉强度无量纲因数及拉弹因数比、压弹因数比5个物理参数,并对试验数据进行统计分析,结果表明,（1）煤的弹性模量、单轴抗压强度和抗拉强度均具有统计分布特征,可以用Weibull分布描述;（2）弹性模量因数、单轴抗压强度因数和抗拉强度因数三者之间存在关联性;（3）拉弹因数比和压弹因数比都符合Weibull分布。以弹性模量为基准,建立了考虑参数关联的非均质煤随机概率模型,开发了相应的虚拟煤体生成程序。研究了2个数值算例,算例1分别按考虑力学参数关联和不考虑力学参数关联两种方法生成煤的力学参数,并与试验数据进行对比,结果表明,前者获得的结果与试验数据更接近;算例2对比了2种方法赋值的平面应变煤样单轴压缩下的宏观应力-应变曲线和煤样破坏过程,结果表明,考虑力学参数关联比不考虑力学参数关联得到的模拟结果更合理,利用文中模型能更好地模拟煤的非均质力学特性。  相似文献   

基于信息熵与多重分形理论的非均匀流动分析     

朱磊  杨金忠  王康  周清 《地球科学》2009,34(6):1037-1042

根据粘土和壤土中非均匀水流运动的示踪试验, 研究了土壤水非均匀流动模式, 并基于信息熵与多重分形理论探讨了多孔介质中流动的非均匀性质.不同土质试验研究的分析结果表明, 各深度信息熵与特征长度具有相反的变化趋势.非均匀流动多重分形特性分析表明, 非均匀流动分布具有很强的自相似性, 但并不是在所有研究尺度范围内都满足标度不变性, 在显色比例相近的情况下, 壤土和粘土中水流运动标度不变性的范围表现出显著的差异.   相似文献