Winners and Losers in Marine Conservation: Fishers' Displacement and Livelihood Benefits from Marine Reserves     

Joshua E. Cinner  Tim Daw  Cindy Huchery  Pascal Thoya  Andrew Wamukota  Maria Cedras 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(9):994-1005

Marine reserves can create both benefits and costs to fishers. This article explores the perceptions of fishers in Kenya and Seychelles about displacement, spillover, and overall impacts of local marine reserves on their livelihoods. We test whether these perceptions are different among fishers from different geographic and socioeconomic conditions. Sixty-six percent of fishers had been displaced from marine reserves or coastal development and 90% believed they had caught fishes that spilled over from marine reserves. Poorer fishers in Kenya were both displaced from, and also felt like they benefited from, marine reserves. This highlights how people's experiences with marine reserves, both positive and negative, are affected by a range of social considerations that may not be incorporated in typical evaluations of ecological and economic marine reserve success.  相似文献   

Climate impacts on extreme ice-jam events in Canadian rivers     

SPYROS BELTAOS  TERRY D. PROWSE 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):157-181

Abstract

River ice jams can produce extreme flood events with major social, economic and ecological impacts throughout Canada. Ice breakup and jamming processes are briefly reviewed and shown to be governed by the flow hydrograph, the thickness and strength of the winter ice cover, and the stream morphology. These factors are directly or indirectly influenced by weather conditions which implies potential impacts of climate change and variability on the severity of ice-jamming. Relevant work has to date focused on simple measures of climatic effects, such as the timing of freeze-up and breakup, and indicates trends that are consistent with concomitant changes in air temperature. More recently, it has been found that increased incidence of mid-winter breakup events and higher freshet flows in certain parts of Canada could enhance the frequency and severity of ice jams. Possible future trends under climate warming scenarios are discussed and associated impacts identified in a general manner.  相似文献   

Impacts on groundwater recharge areas of megacity pumping: analysis of potential contamination of Kolkata,India, water supply     

Paulami Sahu  Holly A. Michael  Clifford I. Voss  Pradip K. Sikdar 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1340-1360

Abstract

Water supply to the world’s megacities is a problem of quantity and quality that will be a priority in the coming decades. Heavy pumping of groundwater beneath these urban centres, particularly in regions with low natural topographic gradients, such as deltas and floodplains, can fundamentally alter the hydrological system. These changes affect recharge area locations, which may shift closer to the city centre than before development, thereby increasing the potential for contamination. Hydrogeological simulation analysis allows evaluation of the impact on past, present and future pumping for the region of Kolkata, India, on recharge area locations in an aquifer that supplies water to over 13 million people. Relocated recharge areas are compared with known surface contamination sources, with a focus on sustainable management of this urban groundwater resource. The study highlights the impacts of pumping on water sources for long-term development of stressed city aquifers and for future water supply in deltaic and floodplain regions of the world.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis

Citation Sahu, P., Michael, H.A., Voss, C.I., and Sikdar, P.K., 2013. Impacts on groundwater recharge areas of megacity pumping: analysis of potential contamination of Kolkata, India, water supply. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (6), 1340–1360.  相似文献   

韩台煤田采矿对京沪高速铁路的影响分析     

胡今朝  孙英杰  胡小鹏 《山东地质》2012,(9):40-42

京沪高速铁路在山东省经过韩台煤田,进行韩台煤田地下采煤活动影响分析,重点分析张山子煤矿采矿引起的地表变形对京沪高速铁路的可能影响,得出张山子煤矿在铁路线位附近的采煤活动,没有引起地表的移动与变形,没有引起地面建筑物的破坏,采取井下回填或者钻孔注浆等措施,可以有效防止采掘活动引起的地表变形,减少采掘活动对京沪高速铁路的破坏。  相似文献   

Using kernel density estimation to explore habitat use by seabirds at a marine renewable wave energy test facility     

《Marine Policy》2016

If Scottish Government targets are met, the equivalent of 100% of Scotland's electricity demand will be generated from renewable sources by 2020. There are several possible risks posed to seabirds from marine renewable energy installations (MREIs) and many knowledge gaps still exist around the extent to which seabird habitats can overlap with MREIs. In this study, underlying seasonal and interannual variation in seabird distributions was investigated using kernel density estimation (KDE) to identify areas of core habitat use. This allowed the potential interactions between seabirds and a wave energy converter (WEC) to be assessed. The distributions of four seabird species were compared between seasons, years, and in the presence and absence of WECs. Although substantial interannual variation existed in baseline years prior to WEC deployment, the KDEs for all four species analysed were closer to the mooring points in the presence of a WEC in at least one season. The KDEs for all four species also increased in area in at least one season in the presence of a WEC. The KDEs of the northern fulmar and great skua overlapped the mooring points during spring in the presence of a device. The density of observations close to the mooring points increased for great skua, northern gannet, and northern fulmar during summer in the presence of a device. These results suggest that none of the four species analysed have shown avoidance or an extreme change in distribution as a result of the presence of a WEC. The continued monitoring of seabirds during WEC deployments is necessary to provide further data on how distributions may change in response to the presence of WECs.  相似文献   

冷空气堆积及其天气影响研究的主要进展     

李婧华  索渺清  唐盛  侯美亭  张萌 《气象科学进展》2022,(1):55-60

冷空气堆积(cold air damming,CAD)是低层冷空气受地形阻挡产生的一种中尺度天气现象,北半球通常发生在山脉的东侧,造成云量增加、温度降低以及降水类型和降水落区的改变.CAD全年都会发生,冷季常造成冻雨天气,暖季往往会触发雷暴、大风、冰雹等强对流天气.在地形作用下地转适应关系的重新调整是CAD形成的动力基...  相似文献   

Neighborhood impacts on household participation in payments for ecosystem services programs in a Chinese nature reserve: A methodological exploration     

ZHANG Huijie  AN Li  BILSBORROW Richard  CHUN Yongwan  YANG Shuang  DAI Jie 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(6):899-922

Payments for Ecosystem Services(PES)programs have been implemented in both developing and developed countries to conserve ecosystems and the vital services they provide.These programs also often seek to maintain or improve the economic wellbeing of the populations living in the corresponding(usually rural)areas.Previous studies suggest that PES policy design,presence or absence of concurrent PES programs,and a variety of socioeconomic and demographic factors can influence decisions of households to participate or not in the PES program.However,neighborhood impacts on household participation in PES have rarely been addressed.This study explores potential neighborhood effects on villagers'enrollment in the Grain-to-Green Program(GTGP),one of the largest PES pro-grams in the world,using data from China's Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve.We utilize a fixed effects logistic regression model in combination with the eigenvector spatial filtering(ESF)method to explore whether neighborhood size affects household enrollment in GTGP.By comparing the results with and without ESF,we find that the ESF method can help ac-count for spatial autocorrelation properly and reveal neighborhood impacts that are otherwise hidden,including the effects of area of forest enrolled in a concurrent PES program,gender and household size.The method can thus uncover mechanisms previously undetected due to not taking into account neighborhood impacts and thus provides an additional way to account for neighborhood impacts in PES programs and other studies.  相似文献   

地理视角下国内中欧班列研究进展与述评     

陈海曦 《地理科学进展》2022,41(6):1136-1144

中欧班列自2011年开行以来,随着其国内国际影响力不断提升,逐渐成为中国学术界的研究热点之一。基于中国知网数据可以发现,中欧班列相关文献数量年均增长约70%,但发表在影响力较高期刊的文献占比还相对较低。从地理视角看,中国学者对中欧班列的研究主要集中在4个方面：一是测算班列具有竞争优势的区域范围,二是分析班列开行地区间的竞争博弈,三是优化班列运输网络的空间布局,四是分析班列的区域影响及其差异性。目前存在的短板主要包括：理论研究尚未紧跟实践,对整体改革的研究仍较缺乏,研究地域有待拓展等。建议在今后的研究中加快推进理论构建,多出系统性、针对性对策建议,在更大空间尺度内深耕细作。  相似文献   

溢油在海洋生态系统中的风化、生态学效应及环境风险评价          下载免费PDF全文

张晖  母清林  韩锡锡  王悠 《海洋科学》2023,47(1):99-107

海洋石油污染是全球性的海洋环境问题之一,对海洋生态系统影响极大。本文综述了溢油入海后降解、转化及其随食物链的传递过程,分析其对海洋三大生物类群的毒性效应及可能的作用机制,探讨评价溢油环境风险的方法,并对今后的研究进行展望,为深入研究溢油的生态学效应、科学评价溢油的环境生态风险提供参考。  相似文献