地震勘探全波形反演的应用与发展分析     

黄金  高星  王伟 《地球信息科学学报》2014,(3):396-401

本文首先对20世纪80年代发展起来的全波形反演应用及其在勘探地球物理领域的发展进行了分析;其次,面对定量化、精细化的地震勘探要求,提出了将地震勘探全波形反演与其他数据处理环节或处理技术相结合的研究设想,并展望了全波形反演的发展趋势;最后,论述了全波形反演研究中地震波场数值模拟、反演初始速度模型获取、目标函数形式选择、寻优算法启用及各向异性介质中的应用等关键问题,并总结了通过Laplace域的全波形反演获取反演初始速度模型、结合射线追踪并充分发挥并行计算之于波动方程方法来模拟地震波场的巨大优势,及灵活选用反演目标函数形式和寻优算法更新速度模型参数来加快全波形反演方法的实用化进程。  相似文献   

基于模板匹配法的长乐雷达强超折射回波识别   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张林  杨洪平  邓鑫  胡学英  都二斌 《气象》2014,40(3):364-372

我国有许多新一代天气雷达架设在高山上,由于海拔高度较高,加上地球曲率的影响,在使用VCP11/VCP21模式探测时,造成较大的探测盲区,对低层降水回波的探测能力严重不足。长乐新一代天气雷达经过调整观测模式后,采用负仰角扫描有利于中小尺度灾害性天气系统的监测和预警,但同时会带来地物回波增强、海浪回波及超折射等负面效应。基于此,通过大量个例统计并分析长乐雷达在特定大气条件下的强超折射回波特征,借助模式识别理论提出了一个新方法"模板匹配法"识别强超折射回波。利用大量强超折射回波数据的检验和分析,结果表明该方法能够在不影响负仰角扫描模式下有效滤除长乐雷达的强超折射回波。目前该方法正在试运行,即将应用到中国新一代天气雷达建设业务软件系统开发ROSE项目中。  相似文献   

Role of Parameter Errors in the Spring Predictability Barrier for ENSO Events in the Zebiak–Cane Model     

YU Liang  MU Mu  Yanshan  YU 《大气科学进展》2014,31(3):647-656

ABSTRACT The impact of both initial and parameter errors on the spring predictability barrier （SPB） is investigated using the Zebiak Cane model （ZC model）. Previous studies have shown that initial errors contribute more to the SPB than parameter errors in the ZC model. Although parameter errors themselves are less important, there is a possibility that nonlinear interactions can occur between the two types of errors, leading to larger prediction errors compared with those induced by initial errors alone. In this case, the impact of parameter errors cannot be overlooked. In the present paper, the optimal combination of these two types of errors [i.e., conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation （CNOP） errors] is calculated to investigate whether this optimal error combination may cause a more notable SPB phenomenon than that caused by initial errors alone. Using the CNOP approach, the CNOP errors and CNOP-I errors （optimal errors when only initial errors are considered） are calculated and then three aspects of error growth are compared： （1） the tendency of the seasonal error growth; （2） the prediction error of the sea surface temperature anomaly; and （3） the pattern of error growth. All three aspects show that the CNOP errors do not cause a more significant SPB than the CNOP-I errors. Therefore, this result suggests that we could improve the prediction of the E1 Nifio during spring by simply focusing on reducing the initial errors in this model.  相似文献   

Assessing the Impacts of Initial Snow Conditions over the Tibetan Plateau on China Precipitation Prediction Using a Global Climate Model          下载免费PDF全文

CHEN Hong 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(2):81-86

Two ensemble experiments were conducted using a general atmospheric circulation model. These experiments were used to investigate the impacts of initial snow anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau（TP） on China precipitation prediction. In one of the experiments, the initial snow conditions over the TP were climatological values; while in the other experiment, the initial snow anomalies were snow depth estimates derived from the passive microwave remote-sensing data. In the current study, the difference between these two experiments was assessed to evaluate the impact of initial snow anomalies over the TP on simulated precipitation. The results indicated that the model simulation for precipitation over eastern China had certain improvements while applying a more realistic initial snow anomaly, especially for spring precipitation over Northeast China and North China and for summer precipitation over North China and Southeast China. The results suggest that seasonal prediction could be enhanced by using more realistic initial snow conditions over TP, and microwave remote-sensing snow data could be used to initialize climate models and improve the simulation of eastern China precipitation during spring and summer. Further analyses showed that higher snow anomalies over TP cooled the surface, resulting in lower near- surface air temperature over the TP in spring and summer. The surface cooling over TP weakened the Asian summer monsoon and brought more precipitation in South China in spring and more precipitation to Southeast China during summer.  相似文献   

物方多视匹配算法的严密投影辐射线模型     

范大昭  纪松  张永生  戴晨光 《测绘科学》2014,39(9)

多基线影像匹配技术比单立体影像匹配更好地解决了影像的相似特征、遮挡特征等问题.文章针对线阵影像的几何成像特点,设置传感器成像参数,根据地面铅垂线对应的像点变化关系,推导了物方多视铅垂线匹配算法(MVLL)的“投影辐射线”严密函数表达式,并给出了分析结论.最后分别采用模拟数据与实际遥感影像数据进行了实验分析,结果证明:投影辐射线在局部范围内可近似为直线使用,其误差对最终匹配结果无影响.  相似文献   

历史航片特殊框标的自动内定向算法     

王琳  陈楚  吴正鹏 《测绘科学》2014,39(12):148-150,154

内定向是摄影测量的一个基本问题,其中框标位置的近似确定是最重要也是最困难的工作.当框标不是对称形式且淹没在背景当中,框标与影像叠置在一起,传统的灰度匹配方法已不再适用,文章主要研究此种情况下的自动内定向,采用影像二值化、区域生长法分割影像、边界跟踪将框标所处的线特征提取出来,进行线特征匹配,最终实现框标的自动识别与定位,其自动内定向成功率达到了98％以上,在实际生产中得到推广与应用.  相似文献   

基于RFM的高分辨率卫星影像三维重建方法     

康永辉  戴激光  关小东 《测绘工程》2014,(6):33-37

随着高分辨率卫星遥感成像技术的快速发展,基于卫星影像的三维重建技术研究已成为当前国内外研究的热点,但由于种种因素的制约,实现自动化、高精度的三维重建仍然存在很大困难.鉴于此,提出一种基于同源高分辨率卫星影像的三维信息提取方法,其步骤包括利用影像匹配技术获取同名点,通过影像同名点解算像对间几何转换模型,最终基于有理函数模型获取地物点的三维坐标.结果表明,利用文中方法可以实现影像的三维重建,精度上能够满足一定的生产需求.  相似文献   

Identification of multi-scale corresponding object-set pairs between two polygon datasets with hierarchical co-clustering     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

In this paper, we propose a means of finding multi-scale corresponding object-set pairs between two polygon datasets by means of hierarchical co-clustering. This method converts the intersection-ratio-based similarities of two objects from two datasets, one from each dataset, into the objects’ proximity in a geometric space using a Laplacian-graph embedding technique. In this space, the method finds hierarchical object clusters by means of agglomerative hierarchical clustering and separates each cluster into object-set pairs according to the datasets to which the objects belong. These pairs are evaluated with a matching criterion to find geometrically corresponding object-set pairs. We applied the proposed method to the segmentation result of a composite image with 6 NDVI images and a forest inventory map. Regardless of the different origins of the datasets, the proposed method can find geometrically corresponding object-set pairs which represent hierarchical distinctive forest areas.  相似文献   

Mapping seasonal rice cropland extent and area in the high cropping intensity environment of Bangladesh using MODIS 500 m data for the year 2010     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

Rice is the most consumed staple food in the world and a key crop for food security. Much of the world’s rice is produced and consumed in Asia where cropping intensity is often greater than 100% (more than one crop per year), yet this intensity is not sufficiently represented in many land use products. Agricultural practices and investments vary by season due to the different challenges faced, such as drought, salinity, or flooding, and the different requirements such as varietal choice, water source, inputs, and crop establishment methods. Thus, spatial and temporal information on the seasonal extent of rice is an important input to decision making related to increased agricultural productivity and the sustainable use of limited natural resources. The goal of this study was to demonstrate that hyper temporal moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data can be used to map the spatial distribution of the seasonal rice crop extent and area. The study was conducted in Bangladesh where rice can be cropped once, twice, or three times a year.MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maximum value composite (MVC) data at 500 m resolution along with seasonal field-plot information from year 2010 were used to map rice crop extent and area for three seasons, boro (December/January–April), aus (April/May–June/July), and aman (July/August–November/December), in Bangladesh. A subset of the field-plot information was used to assess the pixel-level accuracy of the MODIS-derived rice area. Seasonal district-level rice area statistics were used to assess the accuracy of the rice area estimates. When compared to field-plot data, the maps of rice versus non-rice exceeded 90% accuracy in all three seasons and the accuracy of the five rice classes varied from 78% to 90% across the three seasons. On average, the MODIS-derived rice area estimates were 6% higher than the sub-national statistics during boro, 7% higher during aus, and 3% higher during the aman season. The MODIS-derived sub-national areas explained (R² values) 96%, 93%, and 96% of the variability at the district level for boro, aus, and aman seasons, respectively.The results demonstrated that the methods we applied for analysing and interpreting moderate spatial and high temporal resolution imagery can accurately capture the seasonal variability in rice crop extent and area. We discuss the robustness of the approach and highlight issues that must be addressed before similar methods are used across other areas of Asia where a mix of rainfed, irrigated, or supplemental irrigation permits single, double, and triple cropping in a single calendar year.  相似文献   

Automated registration of dense terrestrial laser-scanning point clouds using curves     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

This paper proposes an automatic method for registering terrestrial laser scans in terms of robustness and accuracy. The proposed method uses spatial curves as matching primitives to overcome the limitations of registration methods based on points, lines, or patches as primitives. These methods often have difficulty finding correspondences between the scanned point clouds of freeform surfaces (e.g., statues, cultural heritage). The proposed method first clusters visually prominent points selected according to their associated geometric curvatures to extract crest lines which describe the shape characteristics of point clouds. Second, a deformation energy model is proposed to measure the shape similarity of these crest lines to select the correct matching-curve pairs. Based on these pairs, good initial orientation parameters can be obtained, resulting in fine registration. Experiments were undertaken to evaluate the robustness and accuracy of the proposed method, demonstrating a reliable and stable solution for accurately registering complex scenes without good initial alignment.  相似文献