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金属矿地震散射波场的数值模拟研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
地震方法用于寻找石油、煤田等沉积层控矿床已取得许多成功经验和大量的成果;对于金属矿可依据微扰理论,通过地震波散射响应的强弱推断矿体。模拟实验结果表明,散射波相干性的好坏与杂乱散射体的不均匀性有关;不均匀性越强,产生的散射相干性就越好。 相似文献
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Sedimentary rocks have structures on all length scales from the millimeter to the kilometer. These structures are generally associated with variations in rock permeability. These need to be modeled if we are to make predictions about fluid flow through the rock. However, existing computers are not powerful enough for us to be able to represent all scales of heterogeneity explicitly in our fluid flow models—hence, we need to upscale. Small cell renormalization is a fast method for upscaling permeability, derived from an analogue circuit of resistors. However, it assumes that the small scale permeability distribution is known. In practice, this is unlikely. The only information available about small scale properties is either qualitative, derived from the depositional setting of the reservoir, or local to the wells as a result of coring or logging. The influence of small scale uncertainty on large scale properties is usually modelled by the Monte Carlo method. This is time-consuming and inaccurate if not enough realisations are used. This paper describes a new implementation of renormalization, which enables the direct upscaling of uncertain small-scale permeabilities to produce the statistical properties of the equivalent coarse grid. This is achieved by using a perturbation expansion of the resistor-derived equation. The method is verified by comparison with numerical simulations using the Monte Carlo method. The prediction of expected large-scale permeability and its standard deviation are shown to be accurate for small cell standard deviations of up to 40% of the mean cell value, using just the first nonzero term of the perturbation expansion. Inclusion of higher order terms allows larger standard deviations to be modeled accurately. Evaluation of cross-terms allows correlations of actual cell values, over and above the background structure of mean cell values. The perturbation method is significantly faster than conventional Monte Carlo simulation. It needs just two calculations whereas the Monte Carlo method needs many thousands of realisations to be generated and renormalized to converge. This results in significant savings in computer time. 相似文献
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Masayuki Hyodo Noritaka Aramaki Masayuki Itoh Adrian F.L. Hyde 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1996,15(5):331-336
Cyclic triaxial tests have been carried out on a skeletal carbonate sand from the west coast of Eire. Results are presented for undrained cyclic shear tests on samples with 80% of relative density consolidated under both isotropic and anisotropic conditions. Failure was defined as a 5% double amplitude cyclic strain and a 5% peak axial strain for stress-reversal and non-reversal stress conditions, respectively. Using this definition the cyclic strength for isotropically consolidated samples was affected by the confining pressure although the angular platey nature of the sand resulted in higher cyclic strengths than for a comparable silica sand. For anisotropically consolidated samples the cyclic strength increased with increasing initial static shear stress while on the other hand the cyclic strength normalised in the usual way with respect to the initial confining pressure decreased as this pressure increased. 相似文献
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ASIMPLIFIEDAPPROACHTOMODELING3DSEDIMENT-LADENTURBULENTFLOWSDonghuoZHOUandSamS.Y.WANGAbstract:A3-dnumericalmodelforsimulatings... 相似文献
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阐述相对点位中误差的概念及其在工程测量中的作用,介绍相对点位中误差及相对误差椭园计算方法,以示例说明点位中误差和相对点位中误差的意义和作用。 相似文献
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本文首先分析了1979年6—7月的FGGEIIIb级资料风场和相对湿度场在青藏高原地区的偏差,指出在高原西部应予以订正。然后利用一有限区域模式,通过综合订正初始风场和相对湿度场,改进模式部分物理过程,并提高其水平分辨率,共设计了6组预报试验,对该年的两例高原低涡切变线降水过程进行了24小时预报。结果表明,利用改进了的初始场和部分物理过程,可明显改善高原地区的降水预报,并在一定程度上改善了流场的预报,即上述改进方案是可行的;但在高原地区嵌套预报方案尚待修改,还应继续努力提高模式对高原低涡流场的预报能力。 相似文献