和田市近40年蒸发量的变化特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

买买提·阿布都拉  玉苏甫·阿布都拉  刘海涛  帕提曼 《气象》2006,32(8):92-96

利用和田市气象站1961-2000年20cm口径蒸发量资料，对蒸发量的年、季、月变化趋势、年代际变化特征、突变和周期等气候变化作了较全面分析。结果表明：40年来各季、月蒸发量呈现不同程度的上升趋势，年蒸发量以48．52mm／10a的倾向率增多，偏多趋势主要表现在春季、秋季，其中5月份蒸发量偏多趋势最明显。年蒸发量在20世纪60年代为相对偏少期，80年代为相对偏多期。采用累积距平曲线和标准Morlet小波方法对年总蒸发量进行突变检验和周期分析表明，年蒸发量在1978年发生一次突变，蒸发量变化具有4～6年、11年和22年左右的年周期变化。  相似文献   

江苏气温长期变化趋势及年代际变化空间差异分析   总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22  

周晓兰  高庆九  邓自旺  陈海山 《南京气象学院学报》2006,29(2):196-202

根据江苏省60个气象站1961-2001年的逐月气温资料，研究了江苏气温的长期变化趋势和年代际变化特征的空间差异。结果表明：1）近40a来江苏省年平均气温升高了约1℃，其中冬季3个月（12月一次年2月）升温最明显，夏季7、8月降温明显。各季节和年平均气温年代际变化具有一定的相似性，基本上是20世纪60年代有降低趋势，70年代到80年代前期趋势不明显，80年代后期和90年代气温快速升高，因此，年、春、秋、冬季最高温度出现在90年代。其中夏季气温在90年代后期又有所下降，夏季最高出现在60年代。2）长期变化趋势和年代际变化在空间上也有一定的差异，这种差异主要表现在温度变化幅度上，春、秋、冬和年平均气温在全省都是升高的，其中苏南和江苏北部的徐连地区春、冬季和年平均气温升高最明显，秋季苏南地区升温最明显；夏季大部分地区气温有下降趋势，其中东部沿海和西南部降温最明显，而北部部分地区则有弱的升温趋势。  相似文献   

商丘暴雨日及分布特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

丁国超张艳玲  余卫东李春华 王慧娟 《气象与环境科学》2007,30(B09):52-55

对商丘国家观象台1954--2005年月报表中挑取的符合暴雨日条件的142个样本分析，结果表明：商丘暴雨日具有明显的季节性，频发于7、8月份；暴雨日年平均2．73个；日暴雨量最大（193．3mm）不超过200mm；最长连续暴雨日数不超过2日；连续暴雨日降水量累计（223．9mm）不超过250mm；1h最大降水量不超过70mm。暴雨目的年代际变化特征明显，20世纪80年代后暴雨日出现较晚，60--90年代的暴雨日数递减，90年代后有增加趋势；大暴雨日数自60年代起有逐步增加趋势。暴雨日对月、年降水量有显著贡献，4—9月暴雨日对月降水量的贡献很大，且从4月到7月暴雨目的贡献呈递增趋势。一年内暴雨日出现5次时，当年的年雨量为偏多年份。  相似文献   

影响中国的台风频数年代际变化趋势:1951-2004年     

王小玲  王咏梅  任福民  Li Weijing 《气候变化研究进展》2007,3(Z1):66-69

Interdecadal variations in the frequency of typhoon affecting China (TAC) during 1951-2004 were investigated in this study. The yearly frequency of TACs showed a slightly increasing trend from the 1950s to the early 1970s and a significant decreasing trend afterwards. There were more TACs during the 1960s while the most inactive period was observed in recent 10 years. A decreasing trend was observed in the monthly frequency of TACs in June, August and September throughout the 54 years. Large interannual variabilities were apparent in yearly and monthly frequencies of TACs.  相似文献   

The wavelet method as an alternative for reducing ionospheric effects from single-frequency GPS receivers     

E. M. de Souza  J. F. G. Monico 《Journal of Geodesy》2007,81(12):799-804

The ionospheric effect is one of the major errors in GPS data processing over long baselines. As a dispersive medium, it is possible to compute its influence on the GPS signal with the ionosphere-free linear combination of L1 and L2 observables, requiring dual-frequency receivers. In the case of single-frequency receivers, ionospheric effects are either neglected or reduced by using a model. In this paper, an alternative for single-frequency users is proposed. It involves multiresolution analysis (MRA) using a wavelet analysis of the double-difference observations to remove the short- and medium-scale ionosphere variations and disturbances, as well as some minor tropospheric effects. Experiments were carried out over three baseline lengths from 50 to 450 km, and the results provided by the proposed method were better than those from dual-frequency receivers. The horizontal root mean square was of about 0.28 m (1σ).  相似文献   

南极中国长城站空气微生物含量监测(英)     

CHEN Hao-Wen 《冰川冻土》1998,(4)

The outdoor air borne microbial content over Great Wall Station, Antarctica has been monitored, including its diurnal variations and states in fair or foul weather conditions.The results obtained show: the concentration averaged 161. 9 CFU. m-3. When the weather condition was fair, its range of variation is 0～1 336. 2 CFU. m-3, the average value was 1488. 3 CFU. m-3,when the weather was foul, the range of variation was 471. 4-4 296. 8 CFU. m-3. The average value of air borne microbial number in either fair or foul weather was 383. 0 CFU. m-3. This value is over than 21 times that obtained during 1986/1987.The results seem to show that the influence of human activities have been increasing on Antarctic ecosystem. The diurnal variation of the outdoor air borne microbes shows that the peak of content appeared at about 01: 00, and the trough at about 13: 00 in a whole day. Analyses were made of the relationships between the microbial concentration with its related indexes, i. e. relevant air temperature relative humidity or wind force.The results showed some particularities as compared with those from the areas outside Antarctica.  相似文献   

SSBUV and NOAA-11 SBUV/2 Solar Variability Measurements     

Matthew T. DeLand  Richard P. Cebula  Ernest Hilsenrath 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1998,42(2):83-91

The Shuttle SBUV (SSBUV) and NOAA-11 SBUV/2 instruments measured solar spectral UV irradiance during the maximum and declining phase of solar cycle 22. The SSBUV data accurately represent the absolute solar UV irradiance between 200–405 nm, and also show the long-term variations during eight flights between October 1989 and January 1996. These data have been used to correct long-term sensitivity changes in the NOAA-11 SBUV/2 data, which provide a near-daily record of solar UV variations over the 170–400 nm region between December 1988 and October 1994. The NOAA-11 data demonstrate the evolution of short-term solar UV activity during solar cycle 22.  相似文献   

A Three-year Study of Nonmethane Hydrocarbons in Surface Air over Saxony (Germany)     

Thomas Gnauk  Wolfgang Rolle 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,30(3):371-395

Measurements of the nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) mixing ratio over a period of 42 months were carried out for the first time in the air of a research station situated in the former East Germany during the SANA project. Apart from four species, all other species analysed showed a statistically significant downward trend at the 95% significance level. The decrease of the hydrocarbon concentrations was superimposed by seasonal variations. A drop of about 40% of the annual mean values from 1993 to 1995 was observed. This development reflects the dramatic changes in traffic, industry, power economy, and agriculture in Saxony after the reunification of Germany. The remove of two-stroke engined cars is reflected in NMHC mixing ratio changes, as is the removal of obsolete chemical plants. Generally it was not possible to relate causes and effects of a single event, but in some cases major changes in concentrations and NMHC ratios occurred coincidentally with the disappearance of a specific emission source.  相似文献   

Geomagnetic secular variations 0-2700 yr BP recorded by lake sediments from Waginger See (southeastern Bavaria)     

J. Werner  G. Michler  A. Schult 《Geophysical Journal International》1990,101(2):479-485

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2010-2011年胶州湾叶绿素a与环境因子的时空变化特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王玉珏  刘哲  张永  汪岷  刘东艳 《海洋学报》2015,37(4):103-116

2010年4、6、8、10月和2011年1、3月在胶州湾开展了6个航次的综合调查,研究了表层海水温度、盐度、营养盐和叶绿素a浓度的时空变化特征。调查期间,总无机氮(DIN)、磷酸盐(PO4)和硅酸盐(SiO3)多呈现东北部湾边缘高,而湾内和湾口低的空间分布特征。季节变化表明,DIN和PO4主要受养殖排放、河流径流输入和浮游植物生长消耗的影响,呈现初夏和秋季高,夏末和冬季低的特点;而SiO3主要受河流径流输入和浮游植物消耗的影响,呈现夏、秋高,而冬、春低的特点。营养盐浓度和结构分析表明,胶州湾存在PO4和SiO3的绝对和相对限制;SiO3限制尤其严重,是控制胶州湾浮游植物生长的主要环境因子。SiO3和PO4的限制主要表现在冬季,几乎遍布整个海湾;夏季降水可有效缓解海域的SiO3限制。叶绿素a浓度呈现春、夏季高,秋、冬季低的季节分布,温度、营养盐浓度与结构和季节性贝类养殖活动是控制胶州湾叶绿素a浓度时空分布的关键因素。  相似文献