北太平洋海温变化的年代际模及其演变特征   总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19  

咸鹏  李崇银 《大气科学》2003,27(5):861-868

用近百年的海温(SST)资料,分析研究了北太平洋海温的年代际变化特征及其基本形势(模态).结果表明,它主要存在准7～10年周期和准25～35年周期两类年代际变化;这两类年代际变化又都有类似的形势(模态),但却与所谓"类ENSO模"明显不同.同时,两个年代际模都有呈西北一东南向振荡和沿海盆作顺时针旋转的共存活动(演变)特征.  相似文献   

Interdecadal change in Western Pacific Subtropical High and climatic effects   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

He Xue-zhao Master degree  Gong Dao-yi 《地理学报(英文版)》2002,12(2):202-209

Western North Pacific Subtropical High is a very important atmospheric circulation system influencing the summer climate over eastern China. Its interdecadal change is analyzed in this study. There is a significant decadal shift in about 1979/1980. Since 1980, the Western North Pacific Subtropical High has enlarged, intensified, and shifted southwestward. This change gives rise to an anti-cyclonic circulation anomaly over the region from the South China Sea to western Pacific and thus causes wet anomalies over the Yangtze River valley. During the summers of 1980–1999, the precipitation is 63.9 mm above normal, while during 1958–1979 it is 27.3 mm below normal. The difference is significant at the 99% confidence level as at-test shown. The southwestward expanding of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High also leads to a significant warming in southern China, during 1980–1999 the summer mean temperature is 0.37°C warmer than that of the period 1958–1979. The strong warming is primarily due to the clearer skies associated with the stronger downward air motion as the Western North Pacific Subtropical High expanding to the west and controlling southern China. It is also found that the relative percentage of tropical cyclones in the regions south of 20°N is decreasing since the 1980s, but in the regions north of 20°N that is increasing at the same time. The Western North Pacific Subtropical High responds significantly to sea surface temperature of the tropical eastern Pacific with a lag of one-two seasons and simultaneously to sea surface temperature of the tropical Indian Ocean. The changes in the sea surface temperatures are mainly responsible for the interdecadal variability of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High.  相似文献   

Global aridification in the second half of the 20th century and its relationship to large-scale climate background   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

MA ZhuGuo & FU CongBin Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia  Institute of Atmospheric Physics  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(5):776-788

The variation in surface wetness index (SWI), which was derived from global gridded monthly precipi- tation and monthly mean surface air temperature datasets of Climatic Research Unit (CRU), from 1951― 2002 over global land was analyzed in this paper. The characteristics of the SWI variation in global continents, such as North America, South America, Eurasia, Africa, and Australia, were compared. In addition, the correlation between the SWI variation of each continent (or across the globe) and the large-scale background closely related to SST variations, which affects climate change, was analyzed. The results indicate that the SWI variation shows distinct regional characteristics in the second half of the 20th century under global warming. A drying trend in the last 52 years occurred in Africa, Eurasia, Australia and South America, most obviously in Africa and Eurasia. North America shows a wetting trend after 1976. A 30-year period of dry-wet oscillation is found in South America and Australia; the latest is in a drying period in two regions. The results also revealed that global warming has changed the dry-wet pattern of the global land. South America and Australia have a drying trend despite in- creases in precipitation. This indicates that increases in surface air temperature cannot be ignored in aridification studies. Global dry-wet variation is closely related to large-scale SST variations: the drying trend in Africa and Eurasia and the wetting trend in North America are correlated with Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO); the interdecadal oscillation of SWI in South America and Australia is consistent with the interdecadal variation in Southern Oscillation Index (SOI).  相似文献   

季节内振荡的数值模拟Ⅰ.模拟的自然变率     

蒋国荣  俞永强  何金海 《大气科学》2007,31(3):536-546

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室 (LASG) 发展的耦合气候系统模式FGOALS 1.0_g控制试验 (二氧化碳浓度保持工业革命前的浓度不变, 代表无人类活动影响的自然变率) 模拟结果, 研究了模拟的自然变率下热带季节内振荡 (Intraseasonal Oscillation, 简称ISO) 的基本特征与年际、年代际变化.研究发现, 模拟的自然变率下全球ISO主要活跃区与近六十年的实测结果基本接近; ISO主要活跃区的季节变动特征与实际结果基本一致; 全球ISO强度冬强、夏弱的季节变化也与实际结果一致; 但模拟的ISO强度偏弱与ISO周期不明显.进一步利用控制试验模拟结果研究了模拟的自然变率下热带ISO特征的年际与年代际变化, 得出: 第一, 模拟的自然变率下的热带ISO强度存在明显的年际与年代际变化, 低强度指数阶段, 全球ISO强度减弱, 活跃区范围缩小, 高强度指数阶段则相反; 并存在季节性差异, 冬季不明显, 春秋季明显, 实测结果有类似结论, 但高、低指数似乎与增暖有关.第二, 模拟的自然变率下的热带东传或西传ISO能量比值总体来看基本上维持一种平衡状态, 不存在上升或下降趋势; 与实际状况下的东传相对能量增强、西传相对能量减弱趋势明显不同.  相似文献   

近40年来东亚冬季风的年代际时空变化趋势   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

施晓晖  徐祥德  谢立安 《大气科学》2007,31(4):747-756

利用经验正交函数－奇异值分解（EOF－SVD）综合分析方法和1961～2000年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料对近40年来东亚冬季风和冬季表面气温的年代际变化特征及其相关关系进行了分析。研究结果表明, EOF得到的冬季海平面气压场主成分空间结构（第一特征向量）及其时间系数可以较好地反映出东亚冬季风的变化, 而且可以同时得到东亚冬季风强度和南扩程度的变化, 具有一定的优越性。通过对冬季海平面气压和表面气温年代际分量的EOF－SVD综合分析, 发现了东亚冬季风强度减弱、南扩加强的年代际变化趋势, 冬季表面气温则表现出中高纬地区海陆热力差异减弱、低纬地区海陆热力差异加强的年代际变化特征, 两者之间存在很好的对应关系。另外, 大陆冬季表面气温与海平面气压的年代际对应关系比海洋的更加显著, 表明对温室效应的区域气候响应与东亚冬季风的年代际变化之间可能存在较为密切的联系。  相似文献   

大洋间SST遥联与亚太夏季风异常的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨晓苑  王盘兴  覃军  卢楚翰 《南京气象学院学报》2007,30(2):194-200

用奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)方法,给出了四季年代际和年际时间尺度上北大西洋和北太平洋海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)的显著遥相关.用SVD主模态时间系数构造了海温异常指数Ⅰ,分析了它们与同期亚太夏季风和我国东部夏季降水异常的关系.结果表明:两大洋间的SST遥联在年际、年代际时间尺度上都与亚太夏季风相关,其中,年际尺度的两大洋SST遥联与长江流域的降水存在显著相关.  相似文献   

东亚冬季风年代际变化可能成因的模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

施晓晖  徐祥德 《应用气象学报》2007,18(6):776-782

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均海平面气压资料, 定义了一个东亚冬季风强度指数 (I_WI), 并发现20世纪60年代到70年代初期东亚冬季风强度减弱, 其后冬季风强度有所增强, 80年代初期以后东亚冬季风强度又开始减弱。年代际时间尺度上, 冬季陆地表面气温与I_WI的相关性比海洋与I_WI相关性好, 冬季大陆东部的年代际增温与东亚冬季风的年代际减弱之间可能存在密切的联系。利用区域气候模式 (RegCM3) 进行敏感性数值模拟试验发现:减小冬季东亚大陆东北部的长波辐射降温率, 将导致东西向海平面气压差的减小以及低层北风减弱, 反映了东亚冬季风的减弱。近40年来, 特别是20世纪80年代以后东亚冬季风的年代际减弱趋势很可能是东亚区域气候对温室效应的一种区域响应。  相似文献   

商丘暴雨日及分布特征研究     

丁国超  张艳玲  余卫东  李春华  王慧娟 《河南气象》2007,(Z1)

对商丘国家观象台1954-2005年月报表中挑取的符合暴雨日条件的142个样本分析,结果表明:商丘暴雨日具有明显的季节性,频发于7、8月份;暴雨日年平均2.73个;日暴雨量最大(193.3 mm)不超过200 mm;最长连续暴雨日数不超过2日;连续暴雨日降水量累计(223.9 mm)不超过250 mm;1 h最大降水量不超过70 mm。暴雨日的年代际变化特征明显,20世纪80年代后暴雨日出现较晚,60-90年代的暴雨日数递减,90年代后有增加趋势;大暴雨日数自60年代起有逐步增加趋势。暴雨日对月、年降水量有显著贡献,4-9月暴雨日对月降水量的贡献很大,且从4月到7月暴雨日的贡献呈递增趋势。一年内暴雨日出现5次时,当年的年雨量为偏多年份。  相似文献   

东部夏季降水变化及其与北太平洋SSTA的联系   总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2  

余贞寿  孙照渤  王学忠 《南京气象学院学报》2005,28(2):189-196

采用REOF分析和小波变换方法对1900-1999年中国东部39站夏季降水资料进行分析，结果表明：华南、西南地区和长江中下游地区及华北、东北西南部地区是中国东部夏季降水异常3个最主要的区域，都存在显著的年际变化和年代际变化。分析了这3个区域夏季降水的年际、年代变化与北太平洋冬季海表温度异常的关系。  相似文献   

COUPLING PATTERNS OF AIR-SEA INTERACTION AT MIDDLE & LOWER LATITUDES AND THEIR INTERDECADAL OSCILLATION     

朱艳峰  丁裕国  何金海 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2002,8(2):132-140

Diagnostic studies have been done of the seasonal and interdecadal variations of the coupling patterns for the air-sea interactions in the northern Pacific region, by using 500-hPa geopotential height field of the Northern Hemisphere and monthly mean SST field of northern Pacific Ocean (1951 ～ 1995) and with the aid of the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique. The results show that: (1) The distribution patterns of SVD, which link with the El Nifo (or La Nina) events, are important in the interaction between the atmosphere and ocean while the atmosphere, coupling with it, varies like the PNA teleconnection does. The coupling of airsea interactions is the highest in the winter (January), specifically linking the El Nino event with the PNA pattern in the geopotential height field. Of the four seasons, summer has the poorest coupling when the 500-hPa geopotential height field corresponding to the La Nina event displays patterns similar to the East Asian-Pacific one (PJ). The spring and autumn are both transitional and the coupling is less tight in the autumn than in the spring. (2) Significant changes have taken place around 1976 in the pattern of air-sea coupling, with the year's winter having intensified PNA pattern of 500-hPa winter geopotential height field, deepened Aleutian low that moves southeast and the summer following it having outstanding PJ pattern of 500-hPa geopotential height field.which is not so before 1976.  相似文献