Mapping the hotspots and coldspots of ecosystem services in conservation priority setting   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yingjie Li  Liwei Zhang  Junping Yan  Pengtao Wang  Ningke Hu  Wei Cheng  Bojie Fu 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(6):681-696

Spatial-explicitly mapping of the hotspots and coldspots is a vital link in the priority setting for ecosystem services (ES) conservation. However, little research has identified and tested the compactness and efficiency of their ES hotspots and coldspots, which may weaken the effectiveness of ecological conservation. In this study, based on the RUSLE model and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics, we quantified the variation of annual soil conservation services (SC) and identified the statistically significant hotspots and coldspots in Shaanxi Province of China from 2000 to 2013. The results indicate that, 1) areas with high SC presented a significantly increasing trend as well, while areas with low SC only changed slightly; 2) SC hotspots and coldspots showed an obvious spatial differentiation—the hotspots were mainly spatially aggregated in southern Shaanxi, while the coldspots were mainly distributed in the Guanzhong Basin and Sand-windy Plateau; and 3) the identified hotspots had the highest capacity of providing SC, with 29.6% of the total area providing 59.7% of the total service. In contrast, the coldspots occupied 46.3% of the total area, but only provided 17.2% of the total SC. In addition to conserving single ES, the Getis-Ord Gi* statistics method can also help identify multi-functional priority areas for conserving multiple ES and biodiversity.  相似文献   

基于空间聚类分析的福建省各县市经济发展水平研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈小瑜  余明 《热带地理》2007,27(4):343-347

将空间坐标和属性特征有机地结合起来,给出空间距离的定义,提出位置与属性一体化的空间聚类方法——基于空间距离的K-均值聚类法,利用M atlab编写其算法程序。同时以福建省各县市经济发展水平的类型划分作为研究实例,首先选取反映社会经济发展水平的8项指标,并利用G IS技术提取各县市的重心位置坐标,再利用该空间聚类算法将福建省各县市的经济发展水平聚类为5类,结果表明此算法能够综合考虑空间位置邻近性和属性特征相似性的聚类要求,对福建区域可持续发展有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

基于HSIC核函数聚类的湖北省降雪气候区划     

魏华兵  史瑞琴  温泉沛  廖冬生  张俊  朱云柏 《气象科技》2024,52(3):392-402

无资料地区雪灾防御参数常采用周边有资料的气象站参数替代,基于气候背景相似的降雪气候区划可以为代表站的选取提供科学依据。本文利用湖北省76个国家气象站1961—2020年的气象观测资料,选取了降雪初终日、雪日数、积雪日数、降雪量、最大积雪深度等12个多维时间序列指标,采用Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion（HSIC）核函数的有偏估计公式计算12个指标的整体相似性,对湖北省降雪气候进行了聚类分析。结果表明：湖北省降雪气候可以划分为东南部、中部、西北部和西南部4个气候分区,分区的地带性分布特征与湖北省强降雪天气由北方冷空气南下产生的气候背景一致;初雪日从西北部向中部、西南部、东南部降雪区推迟,终雪日则正好相反,西北部的降雪日数和积雪日数最多;东南部代表站为黄石站,中部代表站有麻城、武汉、钟祥,西南部代表站有咸丰、巴东,西北部代表站郧西、老河口。HSIC核函数能很好处理较大年际波动的指标序列集之间的相似性,其聚类方法对湖北省降雪的气候区划较为合理,区划结果为湖北省精细化雪灾防御提供了技术依据。  相似文献   

中国产业集群研究中的概念性问题   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

王缉慈  王敬甯 《世界地理研究》2007,16(4):89-97

产业集群研究文献及传媒报导的急剧增加．使得中国对于产业集群现象的相关研究陷入某种盲目的状态,本文对于集群理论、概念和政策进行讨论,然后针对创新性集群的发展与创新集群的培育问题进行分析。主要希望理清创新集群与创新性集群真正的涵义,本文将促进高技术创新的集群称为创新集群,但并非高新技术产业在空间上聚集就是创新集群。高技术创新需要不同学科、不同产业密集互动：本文将保有地方特色且具高度创造力的产业集群称为创新性集群。无论创新性集群或创新集群都需要产业联系和知识交流的环境。中国须要新的区域治理手段,透过制度创新,提升竞争力,成为真正的创新性国家。  相似文献   

基于多源数据的旅游者视觉行为模式与感知评估方法     

李渊  郭晶  陈一平 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(10):2004-2020

用户生成内容（User Generated Content,UGC）作为感知旅游地物质空间的新型地理大数据,以使用者的视角描绘了旅游地的客观环境,是探索旅游目的地感知的重要途径。然而,传统的旅游研究对旅行摄影照片处理能力有限,深度学习图像语义分割技术的发展,为挖掘旅游者视觉行为模式,探索旅游地环境感知提供了有力支持。本研究提出了整合在线旅行照片大数据与问卷调查小数据的旅游者视觉行为模式与感知评估框架,并将其应用于鼓浪屿案例。首先将744条旅游轨迹,聚类为6类视觉行为模式,并可视化与时空分析;其次基于全卷积网络算法,量化22 507张旅行照片语义,探索不同视觉模式的旅游者关注要素的空间分异;最后通过照片语义与场景感知问卷调查的相关性分析和多重线性回归模型,评估旅游地整体视觉感知满意度,并提出相应的空间优化建议。研究表明：(1)鼓浪屿旅游者视觉行为模式聚类为单点游、海岛风光游、环岛游、街巷空间游、遗产建筑游和全岛游6类;(2)不同视觉行为模式的旅游者视觉兴趣区存在空间集聚现象,视觉空间转移遵循地理邻近效应;(3)相关性分析与模型结果表明,旅游者偏好空间开敞度较高的区域,感知满意度越低的区域...  相似文献   

运城盆地秋冬季PM_2.5传输特征和源区分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘婉莉  闫世明  王雁  李冬梅  贺钰清  张倩倩 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2022,16(3):119-126

利用2017-2019年空气质量监测数据，采用HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式、聚类分析、潜在源贡献因子分析法（PSCF）和浓度权重轨迹分析法（CWT），对运城市秋冬季大气PM2.5传输路径、对应重污染的天气形势和潜在源区进行分析。结果表明：（1）运城近地层盛行偏东风时污染频率高，弱的偏东风和西南风时，污染物浓度较大。秋冬季PM2.5后向轨迹西北方向最多达53.53%，偏东方向最少为11.25%，偏西方向和西南方向介于两者之间，分别为16.61%和12.06%。（2）不同轨迹对应天气形势不同，西北和偏西轨迹下，500 hPa高度场上为两槽一脊或偏西气流，700～850 hPa受脊前西北气流影响，地面为高压前底部型或均压场型；西南轨迹下，500 hPa高度场上为偏西气流，700～850 hPa运城处于槽前西南气流，地面气压场为高压前底部（底部）或均压场。（3）运城PM2.5潜在源区主要位于陕西南部、四川东部和新疆东南、甘肃的东南部等地区，说明影响运城秋冬季PM2.5的浓度除了来自汾渭平原西南部的颗粒物区域输送，来自西北方向新疆、甘肃的远距离颗粒物传输也是重要来源。  相似文献   

Characterizing stream temperature hysteresis in forested headwater streams     

Lorrayne Miralha  Austin D. Wissler  Catalina Segura  Kevin D. Bladon 《水文研究》2023,37(1):e14795

Stream temperature (T_s) is a key water quality parameter that controls several biological, ecological, and chemical processes in aquatic systems. In forested headwaters, exchanges of energy across air-water-streambed interfaces may influence T_s regimes, especially during storm events as the sources of runoff change over space and time. Analysis of the hysteretic behaviour of T_s during storm events may provide insights into rainfall-runoff responses, but such relationships have not been thoroughly investigated. As such, our objectives were to (a) quantify the variability of stream temperature hysteresis across seasons in different sub-regions and (b) investigate the relationship between the hysteretic response and catchment characteristics. T_s hysteresis during storm events was assessed based on the hysteresis index (HI), which describes the directionality of hysteresis loops, and the temperature response index (TRI), which indicates whether T_s increased or decreased during a storm event. We analysed T_s data from 10 forested headwater reaches in two sub-regions (McGarvey and West Fork Tectah) in Northern California. We also performed a clustering analysis to examine the relationship amongst HI, TRI, topographic metrics, and meteorological characteristics of the study areas. Overall, the hysteretic behaviour of T_s varied across seasons—the greatest HI occurred during spring and summer. Interestingly, in the McGarvey streams the variability in T_s hysteresis co-varied strongly with topographic metrics (i.e., upslope accumulative area, average channel slope, topographic wetness index). Comparatively, in West Fork Tectah the variability of T_s hysteresis co-varied most strongly with meteorological metrics (i.e., antecedent rainfall events, solar radiation, and air temperature). Variables such as the gradient between stream and air temperatures, slope, and wetted width were significant for both sub-regional hysteretic patterns. We posit that the drivers of T_s response during storms are likely dependent on catchment physiographic characteristics. Our study also illustrated the potential utility of stream temperature as a tracer for improving the understanding of hydrologic connectivity and shifts in the dominant runoff contributions to streamflow during storm events.  相似文献   

全球经济海藻专利研发态势研究          下载免费PDF全文

齐铮  高大海  张冬荣  吴昊 《海洋科学》2023,47(2):20-30

研究全球经济海藻领域专利研发态势,为中国经济海藻技术研发提供参考。基于德温特专利数据库,采用Derwent data analyzer、Derwent innovation等分析工具和平台对1960—2020年经济海藻领域的专利文献进行分析。系统揭示半个多世纪以来经济海藻的全球专利数量变化趋势、专利技术构成、代表国家或地区、主要专利权人、热点技术分布与变迁等内容,同时以产业链为分析视角,梳理热点技术的上、中、下游区位,并通过国际间对比分析得到中国在经济海藻领域技术研发面临的机遇与挑战。中国在经济海藻领域的产业链上游(如海藻栽培)、产业链中游(如药物制剂的治疗活性和提取技术)和产业链下游(如食品烹饪、添加与保存、饲料、肥料和医疗制剂等领域)占据优势,与韩国和日本的产业竞争主要存在于产业链下游,如化妆品、个人护理品和生物杀菌剂等领域,当前缺乏对生物燃料、节能环保和环境修复的研发与关注。  相似文献