线性参考在油气管道选定线中的应用研究     

卿太钢  龚建辉  李祁宇  谌贵宇  杨茂  刘玉峰  李江  曹奇林 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(6)

线性参考是针对线性要素进行显示和分析的一种重要模型,它可以解决线性要素动态显示及分析问题。利用油气管道选定线平台中使用里程属性来替代传统X,Y坐标描述位置的方法,解决桩与管道选定线空间位置、野外踏勘的标识及分析问题。  相似文献   

基于光谱混合分解的流域不透水面提取及其动态分析——以于桥水库为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢慧君  李崇巍  张亚娟  孙亚芳  程丽  潘玲 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(10):34-37

不透水面不仅是城市非点源污染的主要来源,还是流域生态环境变化的主要因素之一。不透水面的数量、位置、几何形状、分布格局以及透水率与不透水率的比值,均影响着流域的水文环境,因此成为研究热点。本文以天津于桥水库流域为例,综合遥感(RS)与地理信息系统(GIS)技术,从流域尺度上研究1984~2013年间不透水面覆盖度的变化。在ENVI 5.1软件支持下,利用遥感影像获取1984,1994,2004和2013年4个时相的不透水面信息。采用修正后的归一化水体指数剔除水体信息,排除水体对不透水面提取精度的影响。运用线性光谱混合分析法(Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis,LSMA),提取流域不透水面覆盖度。结果表明:流域内不透水面覆盖度大多集中在1~5级,植被覆盖程度较高。近30年间不透水面比例逐年增加,2013年比1984年增加了2.802%,呈线性增长。中等分辨率的遥感影像适合流域尺度的不透水面提取的结果可作为流域水文及规划管理的重要基础性数据。  相似文献   

应用元素分析仪测定铅锌矿中的高含量硫     

徐国栋  葛建华  王凤玉  程江 《岩矿测试》2015,34(2):234-237

目前对铅锌矿中高含量硫的测定主要采用传统的重量法和容量法,但由于铅锌矿基体复杂,干扰较多,造成操作步骤繁琐;而采用湿法仪器分析又受制于样品的前处理等问题使得测定结果的准确度较差。本文建立了应用元素分析仪测定铅锌矿中的高含量硫(1.0%~32.0%)的分析方法。将样品磨制成粒度小于0.075 mm的粉末,样品制备时加入高纯二氧化硅作为稀释剂以降低铅锌矿的含硫量,仪器测量时加入线状氧化铜作为添加剂以提高硫的氧化效果,优先选用与实际测定样品相同性质的铅锌矿国家标准物质GBW07287(硫的标准值为10.76%)建立标准曲线以减小基体效应。方法精密度(RSD,n=12)小于1%,实际样品分析的测定值与重量法的相对误差小于1%。本方法比化学分析方法的操作简单,几乎没有干扰;比湿法仪器分析方法的样品前处理步骤少,待测元素硫的损失少,测定结果可靠度高。  相似文献   

长江三峡库区水文观测吴淞高程系统的确定     

周建红  王泽民 《地理空间信息》2013,11(2):127-129

利用三峡库区平水区对似大地水准面高度"贴合"的特点,探索性地建立了库区水文基本点吴淞高程系统与1985国家高程基准的转换关系;基于大量水位观测数据,采用线性拟合的方法,对吴淞高程系统归化进行了探求与分析,并对库区上游平水区水文基本点吴淞高程数据进行精化,得到了一些有益的结论。  相似文献   

机载激光雷达平面精度评价方法研究     

王圣尧 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,36(7):54-56

目前,机载激光雷达数据的高程精度一般在10～20 cm,平面精度为0.5～1 m,所以大多学者和生产厂家关注高程精度较多,故而高程精度的评价方法相对成熟,而平面精度的评价方法则有待完善。本文介绍的几种方法,立足于实际工作中发现的问题,具体情况具体分析,旨在能寻求最接近平面精度真值的表达方法,为将来平面精度评价成熟而通用的方法寻求道路。  相似文献   

基于双线性插值的DEM误差传播的3维可视化模型     

刘二永 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(12):1-3,7

基于柯西-施瓦茨不等式,本文提出了一种新的误差3维可视化方法,用于描述DEM双线性插值的误差传播。该模型给DEM用户提供了围绕量测DEM的一个置信空间,真实的DEM将以大于预定的置信水平包含在这个置信空间里。该模型可以使DEM用户直观地了解DEM双线性插值的误差传播情况,从而使对DEM适用性的决策更为准确。  相似文献   

Mapping alteration minerals using sub-pixel unmixing of ASTER data in the Sarduiyeh area,SE Kerman,Iran     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(6):487-504

This paper is an attempt to introduce the role of earth observation technology and a type of digital earth processing in mineral resources exploration and assessment. The sub-pixel distribution and quantity of alteration minerals were mapped using linear spectral unmixing (LSU) and mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF) algorithms in the Sarduiyeh area, SE Kerman, Iran, using the visible-near infrared (VNIR) and short wave infrared (SWIR) bands of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument and the results were compared to evaluate the efficiency of methods. Three groups of alteration minerals were identified: (1) pyrophylite-alunite (2) sericite-kaolinite, and (3) chlorite-calcite-epidote. Results showed that high abundances within pixels were successfully corresponded to the alteration zones. In addition, a number of unreported altered areas were identified. Field observations and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of field samples confirmed the dominant mineral phases identified remotely. Results of LSU and MTMF were generally similar with overall accuracy of 82.9 and 90.24%, respectively. It is concluded that LSU and MTMF are suitable for sub-pixel mapping of alteration minerals and when the purpose is identification of particular targets, rather than all the elements in the scene, the MTMF algorithm could be proposed.  相似文献   

The second law of geography for a spatially enabled economy     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(10):979-995

ABSTRACT

Location has proven axiomatic as an economic variable throughout human history. Tobler’s first law of geography introduced the importance of location; in that, near things are more related than far things. In an age of digital economies, a new research frontier exists where everything is more related to everything else and has an increased economic value from spatially enabled technology. The accessibility of digital-spatial information has brought economic geographers to a new understanding of markets within a Digital Earth framework. The importance of location to economic value can be expected to grow as the Internet of Things develops in sophistication. New business models enter and disrupt established markets with innovative spatially enabled approaches. A successful penetration of established markets suggests a new business model for financial and functional utility by engaging spatially enabled assets. The second law of geography is introduced as a conceptual framework to comprehend the economic potential of spatially enabled information. A comparative analysis of non-spatial versus spatial web agents provides a quantitative framework to demonstrate the benefits of the Digital Earth economy.  相似文献   

基于三亚VHF雷达的场向不规则体观测研究：3. 距离扩展流星尾迹回波          下载免费PDF全文

李明  李国主  宁百齐  胡连欢 《地球物理学报》2013,56(12):3969-3979

距离扩展流星尾迹回波 （RSTE,range spread trail echo）观测通常采用高功率大孔径雷达.本文利用三亚 （18.4°N,109.6°E） VHF雷达观测,分析研究了小功率VHF雷达观测的RSTE特征.结果表明,三亚VHF雷达在相干散射模式观测的RSTE,其发生和演化的主要形态特征类似高功率大孔径雷达的观测结果.通过2011年8月期间,三亚VHF雷达相干散射模式观测的RSTE,与同时的全天空流星模式观测的镜面流星尾迹（SE,specular trail echo）数据,统计分析了RSTE和SE随地方时以及高度的变化,发现短持续时间RSTE（小于等于15 s）与SE具有类似的时间-高度变化特征,而长持续时间RSTE（大于等于15 s）发生的峰值时间,相比SE和短持续时间RSTE向晨侧偏移,且长持续时间RSTE对高度的依赖性比短持续时间RSTE显著.此外,全天空流星模式观测SE 的数量远多于相干散射模式观测的RSTE数量,可能与不同模式下的观测角度、波束宽度等因素相关.  相似文献   

Non‐linear prestack seismic inversion with global optimization using an edge‐preserving smoothing filter     

Yan Zhe  Gu Hanming 《Geophysical Prospecting》2013,61(4):747-760

Estimating elastic parameters from prestack seismic data remains a subject of interest for the exploration and development of hydrocarbon reservoirs. In geophysical inverse problems, data and models are in general non‐linearly related. Linearized inversion methods often have the disadvantage of strong dependence on the initial model. When the initial model is far from the global minimum, inversion iteration is likely to converge to the local minimum. This problem can be avoided by using global optimization methods. In this paper, we implemented and tested a prestack seismic inversion scheme based on a quantum‐behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm aided by an edge‐preserving smoothing ( EPS) operator. We applied the algorithm to estimate elastic parameters from prestack seismic data. Its performance on both synthetic data and real seismic data indicates that QPSO optimization with the EPS operator yields an accurate solution.  相似文献