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141.
支持向量机方法是基于统计学习理论提出的一种机器学习方法,在处理小样本、非线性问题方面有着很强的优势。而地震的孕育发生过程是一个复杂的非线性动力学系统,地震数据时间序列的变化更呈现非线性、不规则等特征。本文系统地分析了天津及其周边地区多种前兆现象,选取反映2至3个月短期情况的前兆测项,使用支持向量机分类方法建立地震综合预测模型,初步结果表明这种方法在地震短期预测中有一定的应用前景。  相似文献   
142.
深埋隧洞极强岩爆段隧道掘进机半导洞掘进岩爆风险研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
深埋隧洞TBM(隧道掘进机)全断面掘进时,在局部超高应力集中的完整硬脆性岩体洞段将直面极强岩爆的风险,设备和人员的安全将遭受极大的威胁。在锦屏II水电站3#引水隧洞极强岩爆段实施了“先半导洞+TBM联合掘进”实验,结合微震实时监测信息对TBM半导洞掘进的岩爆风险开展了研究。监测结果表明,(1)TBM半导洞掘进期间,日平均微震事件数、日平均辐射微震能、微震大事件数及实际岩爆发生次数和强度均远远低于TBM全断面掘进;(2)能量指数对数值和累积视体积的时域演化表明,TBM半导洞掘进强烈岩爆发生的风险远低于TBM全断面掘进,现场实际开挖也证明了这一点;(3)半导洞洞段微震事件的空间集结程度、总数、震级大小与能量辐射均远小于全断面洞段。因此,TBM半导洞掘进的岩爆风险远远低于TBM全断面掘进,在具有施工条件的情况下采用先半导洞预处理,然后TBM半断面掘进极强岩爆段,以期控制岩爆风险的方案是可行的。  相似文献   
143.
传统支持向量机(SVM)评价模型中网格搜索法对参数的选择受到主观因素的影响,选用粒子群算法对SVM模型进行优化,并应用改进的SVM模型(PSO-SVM)对长吉图经济区135个矿山进行地质环境质量评价。PSO-SVM模型的评价结果与综合评价结果的相同率(注:该相同率是指两个评价结果相同的个数占所有评价样本数的百分比)达到95.56%,与SVM模型评价结果的相同率达到91.11%。结合研究区实际情况并分析三种评价结果得出,PSO-SVM模型的评价结果更符合实际情况。改进的支持向量机方法能够避免人为因素影响,提高矿山地质环境评价水平,在评价中具有可行性和有效性。基于改进的支持向量机方法评价结果表明,研究区矿山地质环境受矿山开采等人为活动的影响,54.1%的矿山遭受严重破坏(III级),25.9%为中度破坏(II级)。评价结果可为研究区矿山环境恢复治理提供决策支持。  相似文献   
144.
近十几年来,随着城市化进程加剧,准确获取城市植被的分布信息,是城市气候和地表能量平衡研究的重要内容。高空间分辨率遥感影像数据,为精确获取和动态监测城市植被提供了重要资料。本研究利用资源三号数据对长江三角洲地区城市植被进行光谱特征分析与提取,提出一种城市植被的自动化信息提取算法—分离面法(Hyperplanes for Plant Extraction Methodology,HPEM)。结果表明:在假彩色反射率空间,植被与NDVI值低的背景有很好的分离性,而在真彩色反射率空间,植被与NDVI值高的背景有很好的分离性;HPEM能很好地避免NDVI最佳阈值法中将建筑物误分为植被的问题,其精度明显优于NDVI最佳阈值法,Kappa系数从0.85提高到0.90,总的错分与漏分误差从21.15%降低到14.18%。可见,本文的HPEM方法能有效提高城市植被信息自动提取的精度。  相似文献   
145.
随着WLAN的普及,基于Wi-Fi的室内定位方法逐渐成为研究与应用的热点。虽然,其中基于位置指纹的定位算法研究相对广泛,应用效果较好,然而现有的指纹定位方法或系统仍存在以下3个问题:① 离线阶段的数据标定和定位模型的训练需要耗费大量人力物力,以及时间消耗,使系统很难得到实际应用;② 真实环境中WLAN信号波动呈现高动态性,采集的数据存在显著的时效性,无法提供长时间的有效定位保证;③ 实际环境中AP设备变动频繁,导致训练数据与定位数据特征维度不等长,造成模型失效。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种基于众包数据的模型更新方法,通过不断融合增量数据,使定位模型保持实时有效。该方法主要包括半监督极速学习机(SELM)、具有时效机制的增量式定位方法(TMELM)和特征自适应的在线极速学习机(FA-OSELM)3部分。基于上述方法,本文设计并实现了基于众包数据的室内定位平台系统。实际应用表明,本文提出的方法能够显著降低模型训练阶段的数据采集工作量,有效提升模型训练速度,并且长时间保持较高的定位精度。  相似文献   
146.
柳孝荣  罗兴 《探矿工程》2009,36(3):60-62
在南京市城市快速内环北线二期隧道基坑支护工程的粉细砂复杂地层中首次成功应用了CMW工法,与钻孔灌注桩、钢板桩、地下连续墙、土钉墙和SMW工法等相比,具有污染小、造价低、速度快和施工质量好等优点。结合该工程实例,介绍了CMW工法施工的优点、工艺流程、设备选择、施工方法、安全管理要求和使用效果等。  相似文献   
147.
The introduction of automated generalisation procedures in map production systems requires that generalisation systems are capable of processing large amounts of map data in acceptable time and that cartographic quality is similar to traditional map products. With respect to these requirements, we examine two complementary approaches that should improve generalisation systems currently in use by national topographic mapping agencies. Our focus is particularly on self‐evaluating systems, taking as an example those systems that build on the multi‐agent paradigm. The first approach aims to improve the cartographic quality by utilising cartographic expert knowledge relating to spatial context. More specifically, we introduce expert rules for the selection of generalisation operations based on a classification of buildings into five urban structure types, including inner city, urban, suburban, rural, and industrial and commercial areas. The second approach aims to utilise machine learning techniques to extract heuristics that allow us to reduce the search space and hence the time in which a good cartographical solution is reached. Both approaches are tested individually and in combination for the generalisation of buildings from map scale 1:5000 to the target map scale of 1:25 000. Our experiments show improvements in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. We provide evidence that both approaches complement each other and that a combination of expert and machine learnt rules give better results than the individual approaches. Both approaches are sufficiently general to be applicable to other forms of self‐evaluating, constraint‐based systems than multi‐agent systems, and to other feature classes than buildings. Problems have been identified resulting from difficulties to formalise cartographic quality by means of constraints for the control of the generalisation process.  相似文献   
148.
ABSTRACT

Sedimentation in navigable waterways and harbours is of concern for many water and port managers. One potential source of variability in sedimentation is the annual sediment load of the river that empties in the harbour. The main objective of this study was to use some of the regularly monitored hydro-meteorological variables to compare estimates of hourly suspended sediment concentration in the Saint John River using a sediment rating curve and a model tree (M5?) with different combinations of predictors. Estimated suspended sediment concentrations were multiplied by measured flows to estimate suspended sediment loads. Best results were obtained using M5? with four predictors, returning an R2 of 0.72 on calibration data and an R2 of 0.46 on validation data. Total load was underestimated by 1.41% for the calibration period and overestimated by 2.38% for the validation period. Overall, the model tree approach is suggested for its relative ease of implementation and constant performance.
EDITOR M.C. Acreman; ASSOCIATE EDITOR B. Touaibia  相似文献   
149.
ABSTRACT

This work explores the ability of two methodologies in downscaling hydrological indices characterizing the low flow regime of three salmon rivers in Eastern Canada: Moisie, Romaine and Ouelle. The selected indices describe four aspects of the low flow regime of these rivers: amplitude, frequency, variability and timing. The first methodology (direct downscaling) ascertains a direct link between large-scale atmospheric variables (the predictors) and low flow indices (the predictands). The second (indirect downscaling) involves downscaling precipitation and air temperature (local climate variables) that are introduced into a hydrological model to simulate flows. Synthetic flow time series are subsequently used to calculate the low flow indices. The statistical models used for downscaling low flow hydrological indices and local climate variables are: Sparse Bayesian Learning and Multiple Linear Regression. The results showed that direct downscaling using Sparse Bayesian Learning surpassed the other approaches with respect to goodness of fit and generalization ability.
Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor K. Hamed  相似文献   
150.
Abstract

The quantification of the sediment carrying capacity of a river is a difficult task that has received much attention. For sand-bed rivers especially, several sediment transport functions have appeared in the literature based on various concepts and approaches; however, since they present a significant discrepancy in their results, none of them has become universally accepted. This paper employs three machine learning techniques, namely artificial neural networks, symbolic regression based on genetic programming and an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system, for the derivation of sediment transport formulae for sand-bed rivers from field and laboratory flume data. For the determination of the input parameters, some of the most prominent fundamental approaches that govern the phenomenon, such as shear stress, stream power and unit stream power, are utilized and a comparison of their efficacy is provided. The results obtained from the machine learning techniques are superior to those of the commonly-used sediment transport formulae and it is shown that each of the input combinations tested has its own merit, as they produce similarly good results with respect to the data-driven technique employed.
Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz  相似文献   
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