华北香河站一次霾污染事件的综合观测研究     

夏俊荣  吴丹  齐冰 《气象与环境科学》2016,39(2):10-17

利用激光雷达、太阳光度计、系留气艇低空探测数据及MODIS卫星数据等多源资料,对2007年2月初发生在我国中东部地区的一次大范围霾污染事件进行了综合分析,重点分析了华北香河站垂直向气溶胶光学特性的变化特征,并初步讨论了气溶胶区域输送。分析结果表明:霾污染中心位于大城市、城市群或者盆地等污染物源排放强度大或者地形不利于污染物扩散的地区,形成了6个污染中心;2日霾最严重时,近地面气溶胶消光系数(355nm)达到1.8 km~(-1),是霾发生前的3倍;霾最严重时气溶胶光学厚度(340 nm)为1.4,较前后日的高;随着边界层高度的下降,底层气溶胶快速积累;香河站气溶胶在垂直向存在明显的分层现象,上层600—1000 m高度气溶胶受区域输送的影响,其光学厚度占整层气溶胶的比值能达到43.6%,甚至更高;本次霾过程以细粒子为主;弱高压系统、低至100 m左右的逆温层高度及低风速等气象条件对此次霾的形成起到了重要的作用;而3日出现的大风则很可能是驱散霾的重要因子。  相似文献   

北京城市大气混合层与气溶胶垂直分布观测研究   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

贺千山  毛节泰 《气象学报》2005,63(3):374-384

2002年3～10月在北京大学利用微脉冲激光雷达(MPL)观测了气溶胶时空变化。提出一种反演混合层高度的方法,这种方法减小了仪器订正的误差,反演的混合层高度与探空测量结果有很好的一致性。利用该方法计算了观测期间晴天无云天气条件下的混合层高度,分析了混合层高度及其增长率的日变化、季节变化,初步研究了混合层高度和近地面气溶胶分布的相互关系,分析了表征大气扩散能力的通风系数的日变化。结果表明,利用MPL监测城市混合层是可行的和优越的。  相似文献   

A report on long-term trends and variabilities in middle atmospheric temperature over Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E)     

S. Sridharan  P. Vishnu Prasanth  Y. Bhavani Kumar 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(13):1463-1470

The present study reports long-term variabilities and trends in the middle atmospheric temperature (March 1998–2008) derived from Rayleigh backscattered signals received by the Nd:YAG lidar system at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E). The monthly mean temperature compositely averaged for the years 1998–2008 shows maximum temperature of 270 K in the months of March–April and September at altitudes between 45 and 55 km. The altitude profile of trend coefficients estimated from the 10 years of temperature observations using regression analysis shows that there exists cooling at the rate with 1σ uncertainty of 0.12±0.1 K/year in the lower stratospheric altitudes (35–42 km) and 0.2±0.08 K/year at altitudes near 55–60 km. The trend is nearly zero (no significant cooling or warming) at altitudes 40–55 km. The regression analysis reveals the significant ENSO response in the lower stratosphere (1 K/SOI) and also in mesosphere (0.6 K/SOI). The solar cycle response shows negative maxima of 1.5 K/100F10.7 units at altitudes 36 km, 41 km and 1 K/100F10.7 units at 57 km. The response is positive at mesospheric altitude near 67 km (1.3 K/100F10.7 units). The amplitudes and phases of semiannual, annual and quasi-biennial oscillations are estimated using least squares method. The semiannual oscillation shows larger amplitudes at altitudes near 35, 45, 62 and 74 km whereas the annual oscillation peaks at 70 km. The quasi-biennial oscillations show larger amplitudes below 35 km and above 70 km. The phase profiles of semiannual and annual oscillations show downward propagation.  相似文献   

Airborne laser swath mapping of the summit of Erebus volcano,Antarctica: Applications to geological mapping of a volcano     

Bea Csatho  Toni Schenk  Philip Kyle  Terry Wilson  William B. Krabill 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

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武汉上空大气密度温度的激光雷达探测   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

郑文钢  李洪钧  杨国韬  龚顺生 《大气科学》1999,23(4):397-404

介绍了中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所瑞利散射激光雷达的结构和性能,报道了该激光雷达观测所得到的我国武汉上空30～70 km范围内大气密度和30～60 km范围内温度廓线的反演结果。  相似文献   

Uncertainty in quantitative analyses of topographic change: error propagation and the role of thresholding     

Scott W. Anderson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(5):1015-1033

Topographic surveys inevitably contain error, introducing uncertainty into estimates of volumetric or mean change based on the differencing of repeated surveys. In the geomorphic community, uncertainty has often been framed as a problem of separating out real change from apparent change due purely to error, and addressed by removing measured change considered indistinguishable from random noise from analyses (thresholding). Thresholding is important when quantifying gross changes (i.e. total erosion or total deposition), which are systematically biased by random errors in stable parts of a landscape. However, net change estimates are not substantially influenced by those same random errors, and the use of thresholds results in inherently biased, and potentially misleading, estimates of net change and uncertainty. More generally, thresholding is unrelated to the important process of propagating uncertainty in order to place uncertainty bounds around final estimates. Error propagation methods for uncorrelated, correlated, and systematic errors are presented. Those equations demonstrate that uncertainties in modern net change analyses, as well as in gross change analyses using reasonable thresholds, are likely to be dominated by low-magnitude but highly correlated or systematic errors, even after careful attempts to reduce those errors. In contrast, random errors with little to no correlation largely cancel to negligible levels when averaged or summed. Propagated uncertainty is then typically insensitive to the precision of individual measurements, and is instead defined by the relative mean error (accuracy) over the area of interest. Given that real-world mean elevation changes in many landscape settings are often similar in magnitude to potential mean errors in repeat topographic analyses, reducing highly correlated or systematic errors will be central to obtaining accurate change estimates, while placing uncertainty bounds around those results provides essential context for their interpretation. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.  相似文献   

拉曼雷达重叠函数的模拟与校准          下载免费PDF全文

张鹭  冼锦洪  夏敏洁  周晨 《大气科学学报》2024,47(1):148-159

重叠函数的校准对地基激光雷达低空大气探测的准确性至关重要。目前被广泛用于校准拉曼激光雷达重叠函数的双通道实验标定法,需要满足弹性散射通道与氮气拉曼散射通道的重叠函数近似相等的前置条件。但实际仪器光路往往会偏离理想状态,使得该前置条件无法得到满足,导致校准失败。本文使用光线追踪法模拟重叠函数,计算了各种光路失调情况下弹性散射通道与氮气拉曼散射通道的比值,并引入了一种镜头遮蔽实验来评估双通道实验标定法的前置条件是否得到满足。数值模拟结果表明,当雷达接收面的不同象限被遮蔽时,如果弹性散射通道与氮气通道的信号强度比值基本保持不变,则满足前置条件;如果弹性散射通道与氮气通道的信号强度比值有显著差异,则可判定仪器光学系统失调,需要调整直至满足上述前置条件时才能使用双通道实验标定法标定。利用该方法对南京市气象局安装的拉曼激光雷达进行了光路测评和调整,并与CCD(charge-coupled device)侧向成像激光雷达观测信号做对比,结果显示调整后的定标效果更好。  相似文献   

Galion激光测风雷达探测性能分析     

罗红艳  张庆  朱蓉  卢超  贺园园 《气象科技》2023,51(2):167-174

Galion激光雷达是应用第二代技术的激光雷达设备,具备对全天空、全角度的扫描能力,目前是市场上唯一的三维扫描设备。本文利用深圳356 m梯度塔与锡林浩特100 m梯度塔的观测数据分析了Galion激光雷达的探测性能,并得出以下结论：PPI模式下,深圳激光雷达与测风塔测得风速相关系数为0.85,风向相关系数为0.9;锡林浩特激光雷达与测风塔测得风速相关系数为0.9,风向相关系数为0.95;此外,雷达在各个角度探测的结果相关性都较好,说明激光雷达在PPI模式下具有很好的探测性能。  相似文献   

测风激光雷达与风廓线雷达的探测性能评估及数据融合     

夏芸洁  韦涛  李林  赖悦  孙雪琪  张治国  孙赫敏 《气象科技》2024,52(2):151-162

测风激光雷达和风廓线雷达作为L波段探空测风的有效补充,均可以提供高时空分辨率的大气风场信息,然而由于工作原理和适用条件存在明显差异,在探测性能上各有优缺点,单一设备的探测数据已不能满足精细化预报的要求。本研究使用2020年1—5月北京南郊观象台的L波段探空资料对同址观测的测风激光雷达和风廓线雷达进行了数据质量评估,结果表明测风激光雷达与探空的一致性较高,U、V分量的相关系数分别为0.97和0.98,均方根误差分别为1.1和0.95 m·s-1,然而在2 km以上数据获取率较低且偏差较大;风廓线雷达与探空相比,U、V分量的相关系数分别为0.94和0.93,均方根误差分别为2.94和2.91 m·s-1,风廓线雷达的探测距离虽然更远,但在0.5 km以下和6 km以上的测量偏差较大。考虑到两种测风雷达在不同探测高度上的性能优缺点,提出分段曲面拟合法对两者的水平风资料进行融合处理,并选取个例对融合效果进行验证,结果表明,融合后的风廓线与融合前相比,风向和风速的一致性均得到明显提升。  相似文献   

基于查找表的激光雷达图像快速绘制算法     

李荣忠  毕德仓  尹祺巍  刘智深 《地理空间信息》2009,7(5):54-56

传统雷达图像的绘制一般采用直接的实时坐标变换算法,这种算法效率较低,而且无法从根本上解决雷达图像的死地址和显示盲区现象根据激光雷达特点以及图像绘制需求,设计并实现了一种基于查找表的激光雷达图像快速算法,能大大提高激光雷达图像的绘制速度,并能够较好地解决图像的死地址和显示盲区现象.  相似文献