亚洲夏季风是低层污染物进入平流层的重要途径   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6  

卞建春  严仁嫦  陈洪滨 《大气科学》2011,35(5):897-902

夏季亚洲季风区是对流层低层水汽和污染物进入全球平流层的一个重要通道, 自然或人为污染物通过该通道进入平流层后对臭氧层的破坏以及全球气候环境的影响, 成为目前国际科学界关注的热点问题。早先观点认为: 夏季青藏高原是对流层低空物质向平流层输送的一个重要渠道。然而, 越来越多的观测表明: 包括青藏高原在内的整个亚洲夏季风通过强对流的快速输送以及大尺度输送过程可以把低层大气物质输送到全球平流层。在地面物质进入平流层的过程中有两个关键过程, 一是垂直快速输送的对流活动, 这对于短寿命化学成分非常重要, 二是缓慢的大尺度反气旋输送和限制作用。但是, 目前对于亚洲季风区不同源区的贡献还有很大的争议。  相似文献   

Low-Frequency Vortex Pair over the Tropical Eastern Indian Ocean and the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset          下载免费PDF全文

PAN Jing  LI Chong-Yin 《大气和海洋科学快报》2011,4(6):304-308

In this paper,the relationship between a pair of low-frequency vortexes over the equatorial Indian Ocean and the South China Sea(SCS) summer monsoon onset is studied based on a multi-year(1980-2003) analysis.A pair of vortexes symmetric about the equator is an important feature prior to the SCS summer monsoon onset.A composite analysis shows that the life cycle of the pair of vortexes is closely associated with the SCS summer monsoon onset.The westerly between the twin cyclones is an important factor to the SCS summer monsoon onset process.  相似文献   

顶部电离层电子密度和温度的统计背景及其地磁活动变化          下载免费PDF全文

李柳元  杨俊英  曹晋滨  路立  吴云  杨冬梅 《地球物理学报》2011,54(10):2437-2444

通过对DEMETER卫星从2004年11月7日至2005年11月30日期间探测到的710 km高度顶部电离层的电子数据进行网格化(纬度2°×经度4°)统计平均,本文分析了不同地磁条件下顶部电离层电子密度和温度的全球分布情况.不论是在地磁宁静还是地磁活动期间,顶部电离层电子密度的分布都存在着一个巨大的威德尔海异常(夜间电...  相似文献   

Changes in hydrology and sediment delivery of the Mekong River in the last 50 years: connection to damming,monsoon, and ENSO   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zuo Xue  J. Paul Liu  Qian Ge 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(3):296-308

As the population and economy boom, more and more dams are being built in the Mekong River basin. Previous studies have revealed that Manwan Dam had little influence on the runoff–SSC (suspended sediment concentration) relationship, and the sediment load was relatively stable over the past 40 years. However, little is known at present on the relationship among monsoons, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), precipitation, runoff, and the impact of dams on the delta dynamics. A comprehensive hydropower GIS database covering the entire Mekong basin is presented in this study. Mann–Kendall trend analysis showed no significant change in precipitation and runoff over the past 50 years. Spectral analysis showed that the runoffs of the middle to lower reach of Mekong River are correlated with the Indian Monsoon, where as the East Asian Monsoon's influence is mainly on the lower reach. With another 200 new dams to be added to the basin in the next couple of decades, changes are expected in both hydrological regime and delta dynamics. On one hand, the runoff showed a closer connection with the regional precipitation and ENSO in the post‐dam period (1993–2005) than in the pre‐dam period (1950–1993). Such a relationship is expected to be even closer when more dams are completed. On the other hand, both daily maximum and minimum water levels on the delta plain have shown an abrupt drop since the end of 1994. This reduced water‐level gradient between the river and sea inevitably weakens the sediment discharge to the coast, which might intensify the ongoing coastal erosion on the eastern part of the delta plain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Holocene East Asian monsoon variation inferred from species assemblage and shell chemistry of the ostracodes from Hulun Lake, Inner Mongolia   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Dayou Zhai  Jule Xiao  Lang Zhou  Ruilin Wen  Zhigang Chang  Xu Wang  Xindi Jin  Qiqing Pang  Shigeru Itoh 《Quaternary Research》2011,75(3):512-522

A sediment core from Hulun Lake, Inner Mongolia was analyzed for species assemblages and shell chemistry of ostracodes to investigate changes in the hydrology and climate of the East Asian summer monsoon margin during the Holocene. Darwinula stevensoni was abundant, Ilyocypris spp. scarce, littoral ostracodes absent and Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and δ¹⁸O were low 11,100 to 8300 yr ago, indicating high lake levels and cool/fresh waters. Darwinula stevensoni declined largely, Ilyocypris spp. throve, littoral ostracodes were rare and chemical indicators remained in low values 8300 to 6200 yr ago, suggesting that the lake continued high stands but water became warm. The lake then contracted and water became cool/brackish 6200 to 4300 yr ago. Littoral ostracodes flourished 4300 to 3350 yr ago, marking the lowest lake levels of the entire Holocene. The lake level recovered and water salinity decreased 3350 to 1900 yr ago. From 1900 to 500 yr ago, the lake maintained the preceding status albeit lowered stands and increased salinities 1100 to 800 yr ago. During the recent 500 yr, the lake expanded and water salinity decreased. The data imply that the East Asian summer monsoon did not intensify until 8300 yr ago and weakened dramatically 4300 to 3350 yr ago.  相似文献   

云南丽江古近纪风成沉积的发现及其气候意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

伍皓  崔晓庄  熊国庆  张予杰  江新胜 《沉积与特提斯地质》2011,31(1):13-18

云南丽江地区宝相寺组（E2b）下部（原美乐组）一直被认为是水成沉积,本文认为其属于风成沉积。宝相寺组下部巨厚砂岩的主体岩性为紫红色中细粒石英砂岩,不含泥质和云母等悬移质,大型高角度平板状交错层理发育,厚度巨大,风成沙丘前积层特征明显。石英砂的磨圆度高,在电子显微镜下普遍可见风成砂所特有的碟形撞击坑、新月型撞击坑及毛玻璃化表面等特征,可能为沙漠风成沙丘沉积。研究区古近纪以来的沉积特征表明,青藏高原东部的气候经历了一个由干旱到潮湿的重大转变。推测这种气候转变可能是始新世、渐新世之交全球变冷变干事件（EOGM）在青藏高原东部的沉积响应,也可能与青藏高原初次快速隆升及东亚古季风的开始形成有关。  相似文献   

南海夏季风爆发与南海热含量异常特征的相关分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赖志娟  彭世球  李毅能  刘钦燕 《热带海洋学报》2011,(6)

通过利用1958—2007年SODA月平均海温资料、1958—2008年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及1974—2008年NOAA卫星月平均OLR资料,分析了南海季风与南海上层海洋热含量之间的可能关系,发现南海夏季风爆发早晚与前冬南海上层海洋热含量存在显著的负相关,即当冬季南海上层海洋热含量偏高(低)时,次年南海夏季风爆发早(晚)。进一步对南海夏季风爆发异常年前期及前冬南海东部热含量异常年的相关大气环流特征分析后发现,南海夏季风爆发偏早和偏晚年前期的OLR特征、对流层环流特征及位势高度场分别与前冬南海东部热含量异常偏高和偏低年相一致。得出冬季南海东部热含量偏高(低)时,OLR在赤道东印度洋至我国南海及菲律宾以东为负(正)距平,南海地区对流加强(减弱);在纬向方向上,大气环流特征表现为正(负)的Walker距平环流,低纬Walker环流发展(减弱);在经向方向上,南海地区南北向局地Hadley环流加强(减弱);次年初春(3—4月)500hPa位势高度场在西太平洋副热带高压区总体为负(正)距平,副热带高压偏弱(强)。因此有(不)利于南海夏季风的早爆发。南海和西太平洋暖池区热含量异常都通过对流作用影响其上空大尺度...  相似文献   

热带和副热带环流对东亚低纬度冬季风强度影响     

彭京备  刘舸  孙淑清  何柯俊 《大气科学》2020,44(5):960-974

东亚冬季风具有南北一致变化和南北反相变化两种主要模态。与第一模态反映的南北贯穿的冬季风整体强弱变化不同,第二模态体现了低纬度（中国南方地区）冬季风强弱变化不依赖于中高纬度（中国北方地区）冬季风强弱、甚至与之相反的变化状态。本文利用经验正交函数分析、相关分析、偏相关分析等方法重点研究了在第二模态背景下,低纬度（中国南方地区）冬季风强弱变化对应的热带和副热带环流异常特征。研究发现:热带辐合带是影响低纬度冬季风的一个重要系统。当热带辐合带加强并向北推进时,热带西太平洋及南海地区对流上升运动相应加强。这一上升支可能强迫出低层偏北风异常,从而引起低纬度冬季风加强。此外,副热带高空急流是影响低纬度冬季风的另一个重要系统。急流轴上风速加强会造成入口区准地转偏北风的异常,它强迫出的正次级环流也会相应加强,对应急流北侧的异常下沉和南侧的异常上升,并促使低层产生偏北风异常,也即促进了低纬度冬季风加强。进一步考察热带辐合带对流活动和副热带急流风速异常对低纬度冬季风的独立和协同影响发现,前者的影响相对更为重要。而在二者同时增强的综合作用下,可引起中国南部35°N以南地区的偏北风异常显著增强,反之亦然。上述结果揭示,冬季低纬度风场的变化不仅受到北方冷空气爆发的影响,它还受制于热带、副热带环流系统异常的共同调控作用。  相似文献   

Role of Western Pacific Oceanic Variability in the Onset of the Bay of Bengal Summer Monsoon     

FENG Junqiao  HU Dunxin  YU Lejiang 《大气科学进展》2013,30(1):219-234

The influence of the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean heat content on the onset of the Bay of Bengal summer monsoon(BOBSM) onset was investigated using atmospheric data from the NCEP and ocean subsurface temperature data from the Japan Metorology Agency(JMA).Results showed that the onset time of the BOBSM is highly related to the tropical Pacific upper ocean heat content(HC),especially in the key region of the western Pacific warm pool(WPWP),during the preceding winter and spring.When the HC anomalies in the WPWP are positive(negative),the onset of the BOBSM is usually early(late).Accompanied by the variation of the convection activity over the WPWP,mainly induced by the underlying ocean temperature anomalies,the Walker circulation becomes stronger or weaker.This enhances or weakens the westerly over the tropical Indian Ocean flowing into the BOB in the boreal spring,which is essential to BOBSM onset.The possible mechanism of influence of cyclonic/anti-cyclonic circulation over the northwestern tropical Pacific on BOBSM onset is also discussed.  相似文献   

The flexible global ocean-atmosphere-land system model, Grid-point Version 2: FGOALS-g2   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李立娟  林鹏飞  俞永强  王斌  周天军  刘利  刘骥平  包庆  徐世明  黄文誉  夏坤  普业  董理  申思  刘屹岷  胡宁  刘咪咪  孙文奇  史湘军  郑伟鹏  吴波  宋米荣  刘海龙  张学洪  吴国雄  薛巍  黄小猛  杨广文  宋振亚  乔方利 《大气科学进展》2013,30(3):543-560

This study mainly introduces the development of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model: Grid-point Version 2 (FGOALS-g2) and the preliminary evaluations of its performances based on results from the pre-industrial control run and four members of historical runs according to the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) experiment design. The results suggest that many obvious improvements have been achieved by the FGOALS-g2 compared with the previous version,FGOALS-g1, including its climatological mean states, climate variability, and 20th century surface temperature evolution. For example,FGOALS-g2 better simulates the frequency of tropical land precipitation, East Asian Monsoon precipitation and its seasonal cycle, MJO and ENSO, which are closely related to the updated cumulus parameterization scheme, as well as the alleviation of uncertainties in some key parameters in shallow and deep convection schemes, cloud fraction, cloud macro/microphysical processes and the boundary layer scheme in its atmospheric model. The annual cycle of sea surface temperature along the equator in the Pacific is significantly improved in the new version. The sea ice salinity simulation is one of the unique characteristics of FGOALS-g2, although it is somehow inconsistent with empirical observations in the Antarctic.  相似文献