Architecture and composition of the Upper Burdigalian z-coral build-ups of southern Corsica (Mediterranean)     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2014,346(1-2):45-51

In southern Corsica, three successive Upper Burdigalian coral reef episodes (R1, R2 subdivided into R2A and R2B subunits, and R3) developed within the Cala di Labra Formation. Tabular corals dominated under high water energy and siliciclastic input conditions. The R1 reefs show the highest coral diversity with 16 species described for the first time. A coral impoverishment was recorded in the R2 and R3 reefal episodes. The reefs did not reach a climax growth stage, except the R1 ones. Analogous to North Sardinian reefs, they reflect local vanishing conditions in the Corsican–Sardinian block through Upper Burdigalian because of constant siliciclastic inputs and deepening of the Bonifacio straight.  相似文献   

三维激光扫描技术在古建筑保护中的应用   总被引：25，自引：1，他引：24  

刘旭春  丁延辉 《测绘工程》2006,15(1):48-49

随着三维激光扫描技术的逐渐成熟,大型激光扫描设备已经开始投放市场,并在众多领域开始了应用。结合三维激光扫描技术在古建筑保护中所遇到的一些应用问题作了探讨。  相似文献   

辫状河致密砂岩储层构型单元定量表征方法     

瞿雪姣  李继强  张吉  赵忠军  戚志林  罗超 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(5):1342-1352

针对现有辫状河储层构型单元定量表征方法关键参数获取困难且可靠性存疑的问题,以储层构型理论为指导,基于现代辫状河沉积、钻井岩心、录井和测井等资料,提出了基于单一辫状河道宽度的构型单元定量表征方法。首先,根据单井构型单元解释结果,确定同期辫状河道平面分布;其次,根据连井对比剖面,确定连井剖面内单一辫状河道间的界线位置;再次,根据现代辫状河单一辫状河道宽度与构型单元关系定量模型,限定辫状水道宽度、复合心滩长度及宽度等4级构型单元规模;最后,在单一辫状河道内确定4级构型单元平面分布,进而在密集井网区对复合心滩进行解剖,确定单个心滩位置和几何形态。采用该方法对苏××提高采收率试验区盒₈^下_1-3单层辫状河致密砂岩气藏进行了分析,结果表明：该单层砂岩气藏发育5条单一辫状河道,其宽度为1 050~1 890 m;辫状水道宽度为234~435 m;复合心滩长度和宽度分别为1 931~3 569 m、685~1 242 m;单个心滩长度和宽度分别为660~1 880 m、310~1 030 m。  相似文献   

基础地理信息跨尺度联动更新规则体系研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

杜晓  刘建军  杨眉  刘剑炜  赵文豪  李瞾 《测绘通报》2017,(3):104-107

系统介绍了基础地理信息跨尺度联动更新关键技术相关的规则体系,通过图层映射、几何对应、图面综合、要素取舍、关系协调等多套规则的有机结合,实现了变化更新信息的准确提取;同时开展了基于增量的要素编辑与自动化标注的约束性规则研究,并以1：1万DLG数据联动更新1：5万DLG数据为例,进行了跨尺度基础地理信息联动更新试验。  相似文献   

从储层构型到“地震构型相”——一种河流相高精度概念模型的表征方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡光义  范廷恩  陈飞  井涌泉  王晖  宋来明 《地质学报》2017,91(2):465-478

碎屑岩油气储层构型是指不同级次储层构成单元的形态、规模、方向及其叠置关系。由Miall(1985)运用于河流相储层表征。碎屑岩油气储层构型是储层非均质性的直观表现,直接影响到油气藏开发效果,如何进行精细构型表征是关系到能否正确量化开发指标、或者能否正确描述剩余油分布进而有效减少低效井比例的关键因素。针对渤海明化镇组河流相沉积储层厚度低于地震分辨率的先天不足,对各种构型在地震数据约束下可分辨尺度上进行分类,形成3种构型7类样式的分类体系:垂叠型、侧叠型和孤立型3种砂体构型,垂叠型、密接触侧叠型、疏散接触侧叠型、离散接触侧叠型、下切侵蚀河道孤立型、决口扇孤立型、孤立河道7类样式。研究了每类构型的地震响应特征,阐述了地震属性描述图版,概括了"地震构型相"将构型类型与地震响应有机结合,构建了基于地震构型相的高精度概念模型表征方法。鉴于目前地质建模和数模技术前提下无法对各类储层构型很好地网格化,建立"等效意义"的概念模型开启了一种很好的技术途径。  相似文献   

Ground penetrating radar for facies architecture and high-resolution stratigraphy: Examples from the Mesoproterozoic in the Chapada Diamantina Basin,Brazil     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys were conducted on Mesoproterozoic eolian, fluvial, deltaic, estuarine, and shallow marine successions in the Chapada Diamantina Basin. The subsurface continuation of facies and facies architecture exposed on road cuts was imaged using the GPR signal of a 400-MHz antenna penetrating 8 m in depth, even with mudstone intervals. Reflection patterns in the GPR profiles that were compared with photo mosaics of outcrops and supporting data from vertical sections and gamma ray logs, reveal sedimentary, stratigraphic, and structural features, such as sedimentary structures, the external geometry of architectural elements, stratigraphic surfaces, folds and tension gashes. The patterns most likely reflect the response from low-weathered, non-porous muscovite-illite-rich mudstone and quartzarenite sandstone in which authigenic and detrital illite and sericite are prevalent clay minerals.Measured vertical sections and radar stratigraphy indicate high-frequency cyclic successions of estuarine and shoreface intervals are present at the base of the Tombador Formation. The shoreface intervals are composed of heterolithic strata and offshore tidal bars deposits. The heterolithic shoreface strata exhibit tabular geometry that can be easily identified throughout the outcrop and in the subsurface. Such intervals represent the end of high-frequency transgressive cycles, and hence they are potential candidates for including the maximum flooding surfaces and for defining genetic sequences. Therefore, GPR proved to be an independent method for studying facies architecture and the establishment of a high-resolution stratigraphic framework even in the Precambrian.  相似文献   

The study of deep water submarine reservoir in Bangle Bay Basin     

Wei Xiao  Liping Liu  Xuewei Liu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(8):1086-1098

Although the huge potential of the Bangle Bay Basin has been proven by a series of discoveries, recent drilling and other studies still have not demonstrated the mechanism of hydrocarbon accumulations in Bangle Bay Basin because of the low exploration degree and less geological data available. So, it is difficult to identify and predict the distribution patterns of the main gas reservoir by now. Based on a review of previous work and the latest exploration activities in the study area, the depositional environment and reservoir distribution had been discussed, and thereby assess the location of reservoir–seal couplets for the purposes of stratigraphic traps identification and prospect evaluation within the study area. This paper has also discussed the sequence stratigraphic framework, depositional environment, and facies features by using the biostratigraphic, geochemical analyses and wireline, image logs data. Various broad depositional environments and depositional subsettings have been identified or updated, meanwhile some new environment modeling had been proposed. In this article, reservoir geology study had been conducted after regional depositional feature analysis. Reservoir architecture had been summarized as mouthbars, submarine canyon fill, submarine channels, and levees. Most prospective reservoir intervals identified within the study area are in the Lower Pliocene, Upper Pliocene, and Lower Pleistocene formations.  相似文献   

南大西洋两岸被动陆缘盆地结构差异与大油气田分布     

温志新  吴亚东  边海光  王兆明  贺正军  宋成鹏 《地学前缘》2018,25(4):132-141

以板块构造演化为基础,利用地震、地质等资料,再现南大西洋两岸共轭型被动陆缘盆地原型盆地形成演化过程。首次依据盆地结构差异及沉积充填特征,将研究区被动陆缘盆地进一步划分为“三段”“四类”;结合对已发现大油气田的解剖,搞清了每类盆地大油气田成藏规律,并分别建立了其大油气田成藏模式。认为两岸“三段”“四类”盆地都经过了早期陆内裂谷、过渡期陆间裂谷及漂移期被动陆缘三个原型阶段。南段为下伏裂谷层系比较发育的“断陷型”盆地,上覆坳陷沉积厚度较薄,仅作为区域盖层,形成“裂谷层系构造地层型”大油气田。中段为裂谷、坳陷层系都比较发育且过渡阶段有盐的“含盐断坳型”盆地,以过渡期陆间裂谷盐岩充填为特征,其上、下的漂移期海相及裂谷期湖相页岩均可形成有效烃源岩,海相页岩及盐岩分别作为优质盖层,形成了“盐下碳酸盐岩盐上重力流扇体型”大油气田。北段为裂谷层系分布范围小、坳陷沉积范围广且厚度大的“坳陷型”盆地,受 “窄”陆棚、“陡”陆坡控制,坳陷层系重力流扇体自始至终比较发育,源于坳陷层系下部海相页岩中的油气直接充注于本身内部裙边状分布的重力流复合扇体之中,形成“漂移期重力流扇体群型”大油气田。另外,研究区还发育尼日尔、福斯杜亚马逊、佩罗塔斯三个具有独特构造沉积特征的 “三角洲型”被动陆缘盆地,其特殊性体现在三角洲层系由于沉积速率极高,从陆向海形成生长断裂带-泥岩底辟带-逆冲断裂褶皱带-平缓斜坡带四大环状构造带。除了前三角洲层系可以作为有效烃源岩之外,本身也可以形成自生自储自盖型组合,形成独特的“四大环状构造带型”大油气田,即在由陆向海生长断裂带-泥岩底辟带-逆冲断裂褶皱带-平缓斜坡带四大环状构造带上都可以形成大油气田。  相似文献   

Evolution of an ancient coastal plain: palaeosols, interfluves and alluvial architecture in a sequence stratigraphic framework, Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation, NE British Columbia, Canada   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Paul J. McCarthy  Ubiratan F. Faccini  & A. Guy Plint 《Sedimentology》1999,46(5):861-891

To date, discussion of changes in alluvial style and in the character of palaeosols in relation to changes in accommodation and sediment supply on floodplains has primarily been from a conceptual standpoint: few case studies are available against which to test ideas. One hundred and thirty metres of non-marine strata of the Dunvegan Formation were examined in 14 closely spaced sections in the canyon of the Kiskatinaw River, NE British Columbia, Canada. This site was located about 120 km inland from the transgressive limit of the contemporary marine shoreline and represents almost exclusively freshwater environments. Fluvial channels in the Kiskatinaw River section are of two types. Small, single-storey, very fine- to fine-grained sandstone ribbons with W/T ratios <30, encased in fine-grained floodplain sediments are interpreted as anastomosed channels. Fine- to medium-grained, laterally accreted point-bar deposits forming multistorey sand bodies with individual W/T ratios >30 are interpreted as the deposits of meandering rivers filling incised valleys. Interchannel facies include the deposits of crevasse channels and splays, lakes, floodplains and palaeosols. Floodplain palaeosols consist of laterally heterogeneous, simple palaeosol profiles and pedocomplexes similar to modern Entisols, Inceptisols and hydromorphic soils. Interfluve, sequence-bounding palaeosols adjacent to incised valleys are laterally continuous, up to 3 m thick and can be reliably identified using a combination of (1) stratigraphic position; (2) field observations, such as thickness, structure, colour, degree of rooting; and (3) micromorphological features, such as evidence of bioturbation, clay coatings, ferruginous features and sphaerosiderite. Interfluve palaeosols are similar to modern Alfisols and Ultisols. Correlation of the local stratigraphic succession with the regional sequence stratigraphic framework, based on 2340 well logs and 60 outcrop sections, shows that the vertical changes in coastal plain character (more coals and lakes vs. more pedogenesis) can be related to relatively high-frequency base level cycles (eustatic?) that are expressed as transgressive–regressive marine cycles in downdip areas. Regional isopach maps show that these cycles were progressively overprinted and modified by an increasing rate of tectonic subsidence in the north and west. The character of palaeosols developed on aggrading floodplains primarily reflects local sediment supply and drainage. In contrast, well-developed interfluve palaeosols record pedogenesis during periods of reduced or negative accommodation (base level fall). Vertical changes in floodplain palaeoenvironments and palaeosol types reflect changes in accommodation rate. The detailed micromorphological analysis of interfluve palaeosols represents a powerful application of an under-used technique for the recognition of key surfaces in the geological record. This has broad implications for non-marine sequence stratigraphy.  相似文献   

南海莺歌海盆地黄流组海底扇储层构型特征^*     

李亚茹  李华  杨朝强  周伟  王玉  刘圣乾  何幼斌 《古地理学报》1999,24(3):556-567

南海莺歌海盆地东方X气田中新统黄流组一段发育浅海海底扇沉积,沉积类型特殊,砂体连通性复杂,对储层构型的研究较为薄弱,影响了该地区的油气勘探和开发。以层序地层学、沉积学、测井地质学、地震沉积学等理论为指导,结合岩心、钻井、测井、三维地震和地震波阻抗反演成果等资料,对东方X气田中新统黄流组一段Ⅱ_b气组海底扇构型单元及砂体分布规律进行研究。结果表明: 研究区海底扇主要发育中扇亚相的水道沉积、堤岸沉积、席状砂和扇缘砂; Ⅱ_b气组以水道沉积及席状砂为主,2期水道沉积以充填沉积作用为主,整体呈NW-SE向展布;储集层内部砂体有层状充填、垂向切叠及侧向切叠3种叠置样式; 储层构型主控因素包括物源供给、地形坡度及重力流能量。  相似文献