论油气资源的多元勘探     

刘财  杨宝俊  冯晅  单玄龙  田有  刘洋  鹿琪  刘才华  杨冬 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(4):1208-1220

油气资源勘探的常规方案大致是普查—详查—细测、物探—地质—钻井等。本研究团队在前人研究与应用基础上,经过多年的资源勘探实践,逐步形成了油气资源的多元勘探理论。该理论体系是由受控区域构造不同地质时代构造运动叠合作用下的多构造属性单元、不同油气属性特征的目标单元、不同物源属性的多学科多尺度地球物理勘探单元,以及不同作用的地球物理方法技术单元等所组构。本文以松辽盆地滨北地区、佳伊断裂上的汤伊地堑带为例论述了该勘探理论。松辽盆地自古生代至中新生代受控于古亚洲洋、蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋、西太平洋构造域的顺时针以挤压应力场为主的作用,同时该应力场作用具有一定的叠合表现。由区域地球物理、精细地球物理、石油地质、岩石物理、计算地球物理等不同学科的联合研究,对深层、探查程度低的油气新层系新领域目标进行了多尺度方法技术探查,最终提出目标区的油气性新认识。上述勘探新理论的建立延展了油气勘探思路,补充了已有的勘探方案,同时这一勘探理论也有益于固体矿产资源的探查。  相似文献   

Spatio‐temporal variations in demersal fish assemblages and diversity in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada)          下载免费PDF全文

Hacène Tamdrari  Jean‐Claude Brêthes  Diane Archambault 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):557-571

Species diversity is generally considered one of the key factors of ecosystem resilience in response to anthropogenic pressures, including fishing. In this context, the spatial and temporal changes in demersal fish assemblages and species diversity were investigated in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada), over a 20‐year period (1990–2010). Data were obtained from the summer research survey conducted by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, and include commercial and non‐commercial species. The study covers the period of groundfish fishery collapse, the moratorium period, and the post‐moratorium period, and reflects various modifications in management. Multivariate statistical methods revealed two communities. A coastal community corresponds to strata located above 200 m depth and a deeper community located in the deep channels. Interannual differences in the composition of fish assemblages were observed and are mainly due to the changes in the relative biomass of some dominant species. Three diversity indices (Shannon–Wiener, Simpson's Index of Diversity and Motomura's constant) indicate a slight but significant increase of the diversity over time. This trend is due to the increase of the relative biomass of low‐rank species, which may have been favoured by the prohibition of groundfish trawling after 1997 in that region. The geographical distribution of the Shannon–Wiener index also shows temporal dynamics reflecting the biomass distribution of dominant demersal species.  相似文献   

多变量总体最小二乘在点云拼接中的应用     

钱承军  陈义 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(1):67-69,76

在三维激光扫描仪使用过程中,为了减小点云拼接时的误差问题,本文利用同方差多元变量的EIV(Errors In Variables)模型及总体最小二乘的方法解决三维空间点的相似变换,较传统的迭代算法计算空间坐标转换的方法,具有非迭代性、可靠性和计算过程中的简便性。最后,利用实际工程案例对非迭代算法的有效性进行了验证。  相似文献   

LiDAR测量点云融合影像的分块滤波方法     

毛冬海  李守军  王锋  戴华毅  阳凡林 《测绘通报》2021,(10):67-72,131

针对现有LiDAR地面点滤波算法对复杂地形地物适应性不强的问题,本文提出了一种融合点云与地面影像分块滤波的方法。首先,将地面影像与点云匹配,使点云从影像中获取更多的光谱纹理信息。然后,分析地物光谱、林地相对密度、点云高程特征、地面DSM模型及其坡度,并基于决策级融合将原始点云切割成若干独立的区块。最后,根据每块区域不同的多元细节特征,对IPTD滤波算法进行改进并利用搜索法优化参数,得到最优且稳健的结果。利用滤波后的总地面点通过插值算法得到的DEM模型和相关试验验证了本文算法的优越性。  相似文献   

Application of L‐moments and Bayesian inference for low‐flow regionalization in Sefidroud basin,Iran          下载免费PDF全文

Esmaeel Dodangeh  Saeed Soltani  Ali Sarhadi  Jenq‐Tzong Shiau 《水文研究》2014,28(4):1663-1676

Reliable estimation of low flows at ungauged catchments is one of the major challenges in water‐resources planning and management. This study aims at providing at‐site and ungauged sites low‐flow frequency analysis using regionalization approach. A two‐stage delineating homogeneous region is proposed in this study. Clustering sites with similar low‐flow L‐moment ratios is initially conducted, and L‐moment‐based discordancy and heterogeneity measures are then used to detect unusual sites. Based on the goodness‐of‐fit test statistic, the best‐fit regional model is identified in each hydrologically homogeneous region. The relationship between mean annual 7‐day minimum flow and hydro‐geomorphic characteristics is also constructed in each homogeneous region associated with the derived regional model for estimating various low‐flow quantiles at ungauged sites. Uncertainty analysis of model parameters and low‐flow estimations is carried out using the Bayesian inference. Applied in Sefidroud basin located in northwestern Iran, two hydrologically homogeneous regions are identified, i.e. the east and west regions. The best‐fit regional model for the east and west regions are generalized logistic and Pearson type III distributions, respectively. The results show that the proposed approach provides reasonably good accuracy for at‐site as well as ungauged‐site frequency analysis. Besides, interval estimations for model parameters and low flows provide uncertainty information, and the results indicate that Bayesian confidence intervals are significantly reduced when comparing with the outcomes of conventional t‐distribution method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The use of multivariate statistics to resolve multiple contamination signals in the oxygen isotope analysis of biogenic silica          下载免费PDF全文

KATY E. WILSON  MELANIE J. LENG  ANSON W. MACKAY 《第四纪科学杂志》2014,29(7):641-649

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Using hydrochemical tracers to assess impacts of unsewered urban catchments on hydrochemistry and nutrients in groundwater          下载免费PDF全文

P. M. Nyenje  J. W. Foppen  S. Uhlenbrook  G. Lutterodt 《水文研究》2014,28(24):5860-5878

We applied graphical methods and multivariate statistics to understand impacts of an unsewered slum catchment on nutrients and hydrochemistry of groundwater in Kampala, Uganda. Data were collected from 56 springs (groundwater), 22 surface water sites and 13 rain samples. Groundwater was acidic and dominated by Na, Cl and NO₃. These ions were strongly correlated, indicating pollution originating from wastewater infiltration from on‐site sanitation systems. Results also showed that rain, which was acidic, impacted on groundwater chemistry. Using Q‐mode hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified three distinct water quality groups. The first group had springs dominated by Ca‐Cl‐NO₃, low values of electrical conductivity (EC), pH and cations, and relatively high NO₃ values. These springs were shown to have originated from the acidic rains because their chemistry closely corresponded to ion concentrations that would occur from rainfall recharge, which was around 3.3 times concentrated by evaporation. The second group had springs dominated by Na‐K‐Cl‐NO₃ and Ca‐Cl‐NO₃, low pH but with higher values of EC, NO₃ and cations. We interpreted these as groundwater affected by both acid rain and infiltration of wastewater from urban areas. The third group had the highest EC values (average of 688 μS/cm), low pH and very high concentrations of NO₃ (average of 2.15 mmol/l) and cations. Since these springs were all located in slum areas, we interpreted them as groundwater affected by infiltration of wastewater from poorly sanitized slums areas. Surface water was slightly reducing and eutrophic because of wastewater effluents, but the contribution of groundwater to nutrients in surface water was minimal because o‐PO₄ was absent, whereas NO₃ was lost by denitification. Our findings suggest that groundwater chemistry in the catchment is strongly influenced by anthropogenic inputs derived from nitrogen‐containing rains and domestic wastewater. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Copula‐based uncertainty modelling: application to multisensor precipitation estimates     

Amir AghaKouchak  Andrs Brdossy  Emad Habib 《水文研究》2010,24(15):2111-2124

The multisensor precipitation estimates (MPE) data, available in hourly temporal and 4 km × 4 km spatial resolution, are produced by the National Weather Service and mosaicked as a national product known as Stage IV. The MPE products have a significant advantage over rain gauge measurements due to their ability to capture spatial variability of rainfall. However, the advantages are limited by complications related to the indirect nature of remotely sensed precipitation estimates. Previous studies confirm that efforts are required to determine the accuracy of MPE and their associated uncertainties for future use in hydrological and climate studies. So far, various approaches and extensive research have been undertaken to develop an uncertainty model. In this paper, an ensemble generator is presented for MPE products that can be used to evaluate the uncertainty of rainfall estimates. Two different elliptical copula families, namely, Gaussian and t‐copula are used for simulations. The results indicate that using t‐copula may have significant advantages over the well‐known Gaussian copula particularly with respect to extremes. Overall, the model in which t‐copula was used for simulation successfully generated rainfall ensembles with similar characteristics to those of the ground reference measurements. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The environment effect on fish assemblage structure in waters adjacent to the Changjiang （Yangtze） River estuary （1998-2001）   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

于海成  线薇微 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(3):443-456

We collected fish abundance data in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) estuary and adjacent waters in November 1998,May 1999,November 2000,and May 2001.Using the data,we evaluated the characteristics of the fish assemblages at each site and investigated the effect of several environmental factors.We used a multivariate analysis,including community ordination methods such as detrended correspondence analysis(DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA),and two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN).We analyz...  相似文献   

The spreading of eutrophication in the eastern coast of the Gulf of Bothnia,northern Baltic Sea – An analysis in time and space     

Cecilia Lundberg  Britt-Marie Jakobsson  Erik Bonsdorff 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

In the Baltic Sea, the Gulf of Bothnia is the only sub-basin with only minor effects of eutrophication mainly due to physical factors. Most evaluations of the state of the Gulf of Bothnia are based on offshore investigations. In the present study the coastal zone of the eastern Gulf of Bothnia is analysed. Long-term data (1980–2007) of total nitrogen and phosphorus, turbidity and oxygen are analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) for spatial and temporal patterns in the trophic situation. The coastal zone is divided into six regions: inner and outer areas of the Bothnian Sea and the Quark, and the outer areas of the southern and northern Bothnian Bay. The results show a degradation of water quality from north to south, and from outer to inner coastal areas. Eutrophication changes from an almost non-existing problem in the Bothnian Bay in the north to clear signs of nutrient over-enrichment in the Bothnian Sea. This shows that even if eutrophication in the Gulf of Bothnia is not serious, the increasing trends in nutrient levels should be seen as warning signals for the future, and remedies to combat eutrophication should be taken rapidly.  相似文献