The influence of bank strength on channel geometry: an integrated analysis of some observations     

He Qing Huang  Gerald C. Nanson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1998,23(10):865-876

Bank strength exerts a significant influence on river channel geometry, but quantification of this relationship has been limited to only a few specific circumstances. This is due to both the complex nature of bank strength and the difficulty in incorporating its influence in river channel geometry relations. In order to undertake an integrated analysis of wide-ranging field observations, this study applies a recently developed multivariate model of channel geometry. When the banks of a number of laterally stable streams are categorized on the basis of the bank sediment and vegetation, the multivariate model yields numerical indices of bank strength. Within the range of the data analysed, bank strength can produce a three-fold change in channel width and a two-fold change in depth corresponding to about a 1·6-fold change in cross-sectional area. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

潘谢矿区石盒子组煤系页岩有机质特征及其对含气量的影响     

和钰凯  李贤庆  李杰豪  张学庆  李阳阳  邹晓艳 《中国煤炭地质》2020,(1):42-47

潘谢矿区是安徽省淮南煤田重要的深部煤炭生产矿区,其石炭-二叠系煤系地层具有丰富的天然气资源。应用有机碳、热解、显微组分定量、等温吸附等实验分析数据,对潘谢矿区石盒子组煤系页岩有机质特征与含气量进行研究,并利用梯度下降算法建立了含气量与有机碳含量(TOC)和有机质成熟度(Ro)的多元线性模型。结果表明:潘谢矿区石盒子组煤系页岩TOC较高(平均为1.20%),有机质类型为Ⅲ型,成熟度Ro为0.75%~1.12%,处于成熟阶段,页岩含气量较高(平均为1.93 m 3/t)。多元线性模型表明,煤系页岩TOC和Ro的增加会有利于页岩气生成,但Ro对含气量的影响更为明显。  相似文献   

Annual pattern of zooplankton communities and their environmental response in a subtropical maritime channel system in the northern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh     

ABDULLAH Al Mamun  ALAM Md. Didarul  AKHTAR Aysh  XU Henglong  ISLAM Md. Shafiqul  MUSTAFA KAMAL Abu Hen  UDDIN M Muslem  ALAM Md. Wahidul 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(8):65-73

Zooplankton plays an important role in aquatic food webs by fluxing of energy from primary producer to subsequent trophic levels in the food chain. The annual pattern of zooplankton communities and potential environmental drivers were studied in the Kohelia channel, Bangladesh from summer 2014 to spring 2015. Samples were collected using net at a depth of 1 m. A total of 32 species belonged to 18 orders, 27 families and 15 taxonomic groups were identified. Of these species, 22 distributed in all four seasons of which 8 were dominant and highly contributing to the total communities. Species number peaked in summer next to winter and fall in spring while maximum abundance was in summer and minimum in spring. Multivariate analyses showed that there was a clear annual pattern in the zooplankton communities. Species diversity and evenness peaked in spring but fall in autumn while the high value of species richness was found in winter. Biological-environmental best matching (BIO-ENV) analyses conformed that community pattern of zooplankton was mainly driven by transparency salinity, and temperature individually or combined with water nutrients. These results demonstrate that annual pattern of the zooplankton community shaped by channel environmental factors in subtropical channel ecosystems, thus might be used for community-based subtropical coastal water bioassessment.  相似文献   

Benthic marine litter in four Gulfs in Greece,Eastern Mediterranean; abundance,composition and source identification     

Andreas Koutsodendris  George Papatheodorou  Ourania KougiouroukiMichalis Georgiadis 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

The types, abundance, distribution and sources of benthic marine litter found in four Greek Gulfs (Patras, Corinth, Echinades and Lakonikos) were studied using bottom trawl nets. Mean distribution and weight densities range between 72–437 Item/km² and 6.7–47.4 kg/km². Litter items were sorted into material and usage categories. Plastic litter (56%) is the most dominant material category followed by metal (17%) and glass (11%). Beverage packaging (32%) is the dominant usage category followed by general packaging (28%) and food packaging (21%). Based on the typological results three dominant litter sources were identified; land-based, vessel-based and fishery-based. Application of factor analysis (R- and Q-mode) conducted on both material and usage litter datasets confirmed the existence of the three dominant litter sources. Q-mode analysis further resulted in the quantification of the litter sources; land-based ones provided the majority (69%) of the total litter items followed by vessel-based (26%) and fishery-based (5%) sources. Diverse environmental parameters influence significantly these amounts among the four Gulfs.  相似文献   

The spreading of eutrophication in the eastern coast of the Gulf of Bothnia,northern Baltic Sea – An analysis in time and space     

Cecilia Lundberg  Britt-Marie Jakobsson  Erik Bonsdorff 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

In the Baltic Sea, the Gulf of Bothnia is the only sub-basin with only minor effects of eutrophication mainly due to physical factors. Most evaluations of the state of the Gulf of Bothnia are based on offshore investigations. In the present study the coastal zone of the eastern Gulf of Bothnia is analysed. Long-term data (1980–2007) of total nitrogen and phosphorus, turbidity and oxygen are analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) for spatial and temporal patterns in the trophic situation. The coastal zone is divided into six regions: inner and outer areas of the Bothnian Sea and the Quark, and the outer areas of the southern and northern Bothnian Bay. The results show a degradation of water quality from north to south, and from outer to inner coastal areas. Eutrophication changes from an almost non-existing problem in the Bothnian Bay in the north to clear signs of nutrient over-enrichment in the Bothnian Sea. This shows that even if eutrophication in the Gulf of Bothnia is not serious, the increasing trends in nutrient levels should be seen as warning signals for the future, and remedies to combat eutrophication should be taken rapidly.  相似文献   

The environment effect on fish assemblage structure in waters adjacent to the Changjiang （Yangtze） River estuary （1998-2001）   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

于海成  线薇微 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(3):443-456

We collected fish abundance data in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) estuary and adjacent waters in November 1998,May 1999,November 2000,and May 2001.Using the data,we evaluated the characteristics of the fish assemblages at each site and investigated the effect of several environmental factors.We used a multivariate analysis,including community ordination methods such as detrended correspondence analysis(DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA),and two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN).We analyz...  相似文献   

基于Copula函数的联合概率法在海洋工程中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

秦振江  孙广华  闫同新  宋华  张婧 《海洋预报》2007,24(2):83-90

本文介绍了Copula函数的定义、属性和几种特殊的Copula函数.将Copula函数应用到近海工程中,用其建立了最大有效波高和最大风速的联合分布函数并检验,结果表明:Copula函数能够比较好的模拟实际的联合概率分布。通过Copula方法,可以由边缘分布和一个连接它们的Copula函数来得出联合分布函数,发挥其描述相关性尤其是尾部相关性的优势。该方法在近海工程的工程可靠度、设计标准和失效概率的计算中具有广泛的应用前景。  相似文献   

我国南海4个青蛤野生群体的形态差异分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

古恒光  刘建勇  杨国宏 《广东海洋大学学报》2010,30(3):1-5

用8个形态性状比较我国南海4个野生青蛤群体间的形态变异。聚类分析表明,湛江群体和汕头群体的形态较接近,海口群体的趋异最大。主成分分析表明,主成分1、2、3的贡献率分别为26.441%、21.104%、15.884%,累计贡献率为63.428%。逐步判别分析结果显示,4个群体形态差异显著(P<0.01)。建立了4群体判别函数,其判别准确率P1为51.4%～71.4%,判别分析准确率P2为60%～75.8%,4群体的综合判别率为64.3%。Mantel-test检验结果表明,我国南海青蛤不同地理群体的欧式距离与地理距离没有明显的相关性(r=0.4227,P=0.3910)。  相似文献