基于GIS的证据权重法在冀东地区多元信息成矿预测中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王江霞 《地质与勘探》2014,50(3):464-474

本文通过详细分析和系统总结前人的研究成果,充分利用目前新的成矿预测理论和矿产资源勘查与评价理论和方法技术,结合GIS技术分别对冀东地区主要的沉积变质型铁矿床成矿规律进行分析总结,并对与该区成矿相关的地质信息、物探信息、化探信息等多元化信息归纳,总结出该区找矿概念模型。继而在证据权重法的基础上采用网格单元法,圈定了找矿远景区,实现了对冀东地区沉积变质型铁矿资源的综合预测研究。  相似文献   

Spatial interpolation of snow water equivalency using surface observations and remotely sensed images of snow‐covered area     

Brian J. Harshburger  Karen S. Humes  Von P. Walden  Troy R. Blandford  Brandon C. Moore  Raymond J. Dezzani 《水文研究》2010,24(10):1285-1295

As demand for water continues to escalate in the western Unites States, so does the need for accurate monitoring of the snowpack in mountainous areas. In this study, we describe a simple methodology for generating gridded‐estimates of snow water equivalency (SWE) using both surface observations of SWE and remotely sensed estimates of snow‐covered area (SCA). Multiple regression was used to quantify the relationship between physiographic variables (elevation, slope, aspect, clear‐sky solar radiation, etc.) and SWE as measured at a number of sites in a mountainous basin in south‐central Idaho (Big Wood River Basin). The elevation of the snowline, obtained from the SCA estimates, was used to constrain the predicted SWE values. The results from the analysis are encouraging and compare well to those found in previous studies, which often utilized more sophisticated spatial interpolation techniques. Cross‐validation results indicate that the spatial interpolation method produces accurate SWE estimates [mean R² = 0·82, mean mean absolute error (MAE) = 4·34 cm, mean root mean squared error (RMSE) = 5·29 cm]. The basin examined in this study is typical of many mid‐elevation mountainous basins throughout the western United States, in terms of the distribution of topographic variables, as well as the number and characteristics of sites at which the necessary ground data are available. Thus, there is high potential for this methodology to be successfully applied to other mountainous basins. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中国近海棱梭群体形态学和耳石形态学研究          下载免费PDF全文

阳敏  刘璐  吴桢  吴天昊  谭颖琪  龙丹丹  高天翔  宋娜 《应用海洋学学报》2019,38(3):329-337

为研究棱梭不同地理群体间的形态差异,使用多元统计分析方法对采集自金门、厦门、虎门、湛江、北海和防城港6个地点邻近海域的棱梭群体样本的形态和矢耳石形态两方面进行比较研究。对棱梭样本的形态研究结合传统形态学和地标形态学开展,对矢耳石的形态研究则将传统耳石形态分析法和椭圆傅里叶分析法相结合,形态和耳石形态数据的分析结果相似。主成分分析结果表明从28个棱梭形态量度指标提取的前8个主成分累积贡献率为65. 868%,从85个耳石形态指标提取的前23个主成分的累积贡献率为79. 290%,根据临界值85. 000%可以推断这6个棱梭群体间形态和耳石形态上的差异不能够单独依靠少数指标来判断;聚类分析的结果总体显示出群体间差异与地理距离等因素相关联的分布规律;在判别分析中形态学量度指标的综合判别正确率为75. 9%,而耳石形态学指标的综合判别正确率略低,为69. 3%;对棱梭形态量度指标的单因子方差分析显示湛江棱梭群体与其他群体在形态上存在显著差异的量度指标较少。栖息地环境、饵料组成和海流等可能是导致形态学差异和耳石形态差异形成的主要因素。另一方面,理化因子的相似性和群体间的交流会减弱群体间形态和耳石形态的差异。  相似文献   

A classification of drainage and macropore flow in an agricultural catchment     

C. M. Heppell  F. Worrall  T. P. Burt  R. J. Williams 《水文研究》2002,16(1):27-46

This paper uses a variety of multivariate statistical techniques in order to improve current understanding of the antecedent and rainfall controls on drainage characteristics for an agricultural underdrained clay site. Using the dataset obtained from a two‐year hillslope study at Wytham (Oxfordshire, UK) a number of patterns in the nature and style of drainage events were explored. First, using principal components analysis, a distinction was drawn between drainflow controlled by antecedent conditions and drainflow controlled by rainfall characteristics. Dimensional analysis then distinguished between two further types of drainflow event: antecedent limited events (ALE) and non‐antecedent limited events (NALE). These were drainflow events requiring a minimum antecedent hydraulic head to occur (ALE) and events that occurred in response to rainfall irrespective of the antecedent conditions, because the rainfall was either of high enough intensity or duration to prompt a response in drainflow (NALE). 2. The dataset also made possible a preliminary investigation into the controls on and types of macropore flow at the site. Principal components analysis identified that rainfall characteristics were more important than antecedent conditions in generating high proportions of macropore flow in drainflow. Of the rainfall characteristics studied, rainfall amount and intensity were the dominant controls on the amount of macropore flow, with duration as a secondary control. Two styles of macropore flow were identified: intensity‐driven and duration‐driven. Intensity‐driven events are characterized by rainfall of high intensity and short duration. During such events the amount of macropore flow is proportional to the rainfall intensity and the interaction between macropore and matrix flow is kinetically limited. The second style of macropore flow is characterized by long‐duration events. For these events the amount of macropore flow approaches a maximum value whatever the rainfall duration. This suggests that these events are characterized by an equilibrium interaction between macropores and matrix flow. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Spatial changes in a macrozoobenthic community along environmental gradients in a shallow brackish lagoon facing Sendai Bay, Japan   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Gen Kanaya  Eisuke Kikuchi   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,78(4):674-684

The spatial distribution, abundance, and assemblage structure of macrozoobenthos were examined at 45 stations in a brackish lagoon (Idoura Lagoon, Japan) to examine the animal–environmental relations in estuarine soft-bottom habitats. We found a total of 23 taxa; the polychaetes Heteromastus sp., Hediste spp., and Prionospio japonica and the isopod Cyathura muromiensis numerically dominated the community. Cluster analysis and one-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) identified seven groups of stations that had significantly different macrozoobenthic communities; these were subsequently consolidated into five habitat groups according to their association with environmental characteristics. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that salinity, silt-clay content, and the oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) of the sediment strongly affected the macrozoobenthos distribution pattern in the lagoon, whereas other factors (e.g., relative elevation of the habitat and sediment organic content) had much weaker effects. Similarity percentages (SIMPER) procedures indicated that the polychaete Notomastus sp. and the bivalve Macoma contabulata were specific to habitats with low salinity and reduced mud, whereas the bivalve Nuttallia olivacea was specific to sandy bottoms. Heteromastus sp. and Hediste spp. achieved their highest densities in rather oxidized sediments. The acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) content in the sediment was suggested as another possible factor affecting macrozoobenthic density. Our results clearly demonstrate that macrozoobenthic assemblages in estuarine soft-bottoms have high spatial heterogeneity on a small scale (e.g., hundreds of meters) related to physical and chemical environmental changes. Our data also suggested the importance of sediment redox condition (e.g., ORP and AVS content) and sediment grain size as structuring factors in estuarine soft-bottom communities as well as the salinity in the habitat.  相似文献   

金沙江流域降水和径流时空演变的非一致性分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张海荣  周建中  曾小凡  叶磊  孟长青 《水文》2015,35(6):90-96

基于金沙江流域1966~2010年降水和径流资料,采用单变量Mann-Kendall(MK)趋势分析法、突变检验法和多变量MK法对金沙江流域近几十年来的降水和径流变化进行了非一致性分析。结果表明:金沙江流域年降水和年径流整体呈上升趋势,特别是从20世纪90年代之后增大趋势较为明显。其中金沙江流域中游以上区域的年降水通过显著性检验,上升趋势较为明显,而各个水文站点的年径流均未通过显著性检验,仅存在微弱的上升趋势。中游攀枝花站集水区域的面平均年降水趋势存在突变点,在1997年之后显著增加,而其年径流则不存在突变点,其他站点面平均年降水和年径流趋势都不存在突变。此外,中游龙街站集水区域的面平均年降水和年径流通过多变量MK显著性检验,表明龙街站降水和径流联合变量呈显著增加趋势。  相似文献   

ISO2394:2015 Annex D (Reliability of Geotechnical Structures)     

K.K. Phoon  J.V. Retief 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2015,9(3):125-127

ISO2394:2015 contains a new informative Annex D on “Reliability of Geotechnical Structures”. The emphasis in Annex D is to identify and characterize critical elements of the geotechnical reliability-based design process, while respecting the diversity of geotechnical engineering practice. This paper highlights the main features of Annex D and gaps for future work.  相似文献   

面向室内WLAN定位的动态自适应模型     

吴东金  夏林元 《测绘学报》2015,44(12):1322-1330

提出了一种面向无线局域网(wireless local area network,WLAN)位置指纹匹配定位的动态自适应模型,借助多个基站的实时数据为稳健室内定位提供更新的匹配数据库——radio map。基于基站与radio map采样点之间的空间关联性,将基站数据和radio map分别作为多层神经网络的输入和输出,动态更新radio map;利用多元数据异常探测技术检验基站数据捕获环境的时空变化;根据探测结果采用顾及室内布局的数值内插和再训练的方式更新模型,从而使其适应环境的时空变化。在室内动态环境中进行了多次验证试验。试验结果显示,在时变因素作用下,相比较传统方法,采用所提模型的定位方法的平均误差至少下降10%;在空间变化因素(以信标移动为例)作用下,其他方法平均定位误差大幅增加了至少165%,而采用所提模型方法的平均定位误差只增加了10%~20%,定位精度维持在3m左右(即原始精度)。结果证明采用了所提模型的定位系统能够自适应环境的时空变化而保持原有定位表现。不过,与传统位置指纹匹配定位方法相比,该模型带来了更多的计算负荷。  相似文献   

半干旱沙地-草甸区水面蒸发模拟及其影响因子辨识   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

童新  刘廷玺  杨大文  段利民  吴尧  王天帅  王海燕  高肖彦 《干旱区地理》2015,38(1):10-17

在分析半干旱沙地—草甸区的水面蒸发过程及其影响因子的基础上,采用多元逐步回归分析方法,对水面蒸发的众多影响因子进行逐步筛选,找出显著影响因子,建立水面蒸发与其显著影响因子间的多元非线性回归模型,并模拟计算了彭曼蒸发公式、道尔顿水汽运输理论蒸发公式中的风函数,比较分析了彭曼模型、变异道尔顿模型、多元非线性回归模型计算的水面蒸发量。结果表明:彭曼模型、变异道尔顿模型和最终建立的多元非线性逐步回归模型所得结果十分接近,与实测水面蒸发量的趋势也很一致;除变异道尔顿模型稳定性稍差外,其余两者都具有较好的稳定性;多元非线性逐步回归方法可以找到水面蒸发的显著影响因子,剔除掉不显著影响因子,避免因子相关造成的影响,使所建回归模型具有良好的拟合效果,其决定系数达到了0.773,预测结果令人满意。  相似文献   

基于MODIS雪盖数据的北疆雪深多元非线性回归克里金插值     

许剑辉  舒红  李杨 《国土资源遥感》2015,(3)

为了提高北疆地区雪深时空分布监测的准确性,以该区域48个气象站点2006年12月—2007年1月的月平均雪深观测数据为基础,通过分析月均雪深空间自相关性及其与经纬度、高程的相关性,结合MODIS雪盖数据构建了多元非线性回归克里金插值方法,插值获得了北疆地区较高精度的雪深空间分布数据。将插值雪深数据与普通克里金插值法、考虑高程为辅助变量的协同克里金插值法的预测结果进行比较,结果表明:1相对普通克里金和协同克里金方法,多元非线性回归克里金法的12月份雪深预测精度分别提高了15.14%和9.54%,1月份的提高了4.8%和6.7%;2由于充分利用了经纬度和地形信息,多元非线性回归克里金法的雪深预测结果可提供更多细节信息;3预测结果客观地表达了雪深随经纬度和地形变化的趋势,反映了积雪深度的空间变异性;4基于不显著相关的协变量高程的协同克里金插值法预测的雪深数据精度劣于普通克里金插值法的预测结果。  相似文献