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801.
应用中国东部地面观测气候平均候降水量数据和谐波分析方法,研究了华南、长江中下游、淮河流域、华北四个区域降水的年变化特征,特别是夏季风降水的阶段性和区域特征,并对构成降水年变化的气候分量进行分析,将各区降水年变化分解为年循环模态、季节模态、季节内振荡和月内振荡四个气候模态。结果表明:不同模态间的相互调制对降水的阶段性和区域性具有重要影响,年循环是影响雨季的主要模态,季节和季节内振荡模态对决定主汛期起重要作用。基于气候模态划分中国东部雨季和主汛期,方法简单,结果客观合理。 相似文献
802.
Denis Duda Costa Cintia B. Uvo Adriano Rolim Da Paz Frede De Oliveira Carvalho Carlos R. Fragoso Jr 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(11):1636-1652
ABSTRACTThe high variability in the hydrological regime of the Eastern Hydrological Region (EHR) of Northeast Brazil often results in floods and droughts, leading to serious socio-economic issues. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate connections between spatiotemporal hydrological variability of the EHR and large-scale climate phenomena. Multivariate statistical techniques were applied to relate climate indices with hydrological variables within two representative river basins in the EHR. The results indicated a multi-annual relationship between the state of the sea surface temperature of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and anomalous hydrological variability in the basins. In addition, the northern Tropical Atlantic conditions were shown to play an important role in modulating the long-term variability of the hydrological response of the basins, whilst only extreme ENSO anomalies seemed to affect the rainy season. This knowledge is an important step towards long-term prediction of hydrological conditions and contributes to the improvement of water resources planning and management in the EHR. 相似文献
803.
利用清政府布设在黄河中游三门峡万锦滩、沁河下游木栾店以及永定河下游石景山、卢沟桥的志桩水位记录,以首次涨水超过0.64m作为汛期建立的标志,在候尺度下恢复了其汛期建立时间距平序列。黄河中游、沁河下游和永定河下游序列分别开始于1766年、1736年和1761年。研究时段内,黄河中游和沁河下游平均在7月6~10日入汛、永定河则在7月16~20日。永定河相对较为稳定,显示出其上游雨季开始时间基本维持在7月初,而黄河中游和沁河却波动较大,早晚相差达3个月;黄河中游与沁河入汛距平波动的同相位现象在19世纪中期之后比较明显。1870~1900年代黄河中游、沁河和永定河入汛普遍延迟1个候左右,对应于黄土高原夏温偏低的时期;1820~1860年代黄河中游、沁河入汛偏早,则对应了黄土高原夏温偏高。 相似文献
804.
805.
The probability distribution of the wet season hourly precipitation is the important basis for the study of the precipitation distribution, especially in mountainous areas. Hulu watershed is the study area located in the upper reaches of Heihe River, Qilian Mountains. By adopting the maximum likelihood estimation, the shape parameter α and scale parameter β of 6 stations were obtained with observed wet season (May to September) half hourly data, and different intensity precipitation probability density distribution, cumulative probability density and probability of precipitation and elevation and precipitation relationship were analyzed. The shape parameter α and scale parameter β is significantly negatively correlated, shape parameter α and average hourly precipitation distribution is consistent. Local topography is also an important factor to affect the precipitation redistribution and the probability distribution of precipitation in Hulu watershed. In addition to the increase of precipitation events, the probability of 1~3 mm mm/h precipitation increases with the altitude, which is the main reason for the increase of precipitation with altitude. 相似文献
806.
《Atmósfera》2014,27(3):287-303
Given the growing interest of the general public in accessing commercial weather forecasts through various media outlets and the available impetuses for promoting tourism in Saudi Arabia (SA), a first attempt is made to present a forecast skill comparison for surface temperature in four cities (Wejh, Yenbo, Jeddah, and Gizan) along the west coast of SA, for the 61-day transitional period (from January 16 to March 16) between the December-January-February (DJF) and the March-April-May (MAM) seasons. A simple skill score comparison method is used to assess the next-day city forecasts for surface temperature from six commercial weather forecast providers based on the operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) model outputs. All the NWP model forecast providers performed better than the respective daily climatology (Clm) for each station. Depending upon the station and the provider, the absolute average maximum daily surface temperature difference between the forecasts and the observations was less than 2 °C. Daily surface temperature forecasts from two versions of an atmospheric-ocean general circulation model are also compared to assess their performance for these coastal locations. 相似文献
807.
南方红壤丘陵区洪涝和季节性干旱灾害并存,合理划分汛、枯水期可为旱涝灾害防控提供科学依据。本文选取并统计赣江上中游国家气象站、水文站旬最大1日降水量、旬最大3日降水量、旬降水总量和旬平均流量,采用集对分析,将赣江上中游流域汛期划分为2月1~28日为汛前期,3月1~31日为前汛期,4月1日~6月30日为主汛期,7月1日~9月10日为汛后期,9月11日~次年1月31日为枯水期。集对分析汛期分期结果与传统汛期相近,理论基础完善,可用于赣江上中游流域水资源综合管理。 相似文献
808.
Ian Stirling 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):375-377
At Kaikoura the greatest number of seals were ashore during mid afternoon, especially when this coincided with low tide. This is the best time of the day to count them. 相似文献
809.
针对目前长期径流预报中物理成因考虑较少的问题,以丹江口水库为例,在分析影响径流物理背景的基础上,研究前期气象因子与水库秋汛期入库径流过程的相关关系,识别影响径流的大气环流与海温等物理因子,利用主成分分析法提取主要预报信息,建立了包含大气环流因子、海温因子等气象物理信息以及前期降雨、径流等水文信息作为预报因子集的三层BP神经网络预报模型.利用1956~2008年秋汛期9、10月入库径流量进行模拟与试报,并与仅采用前期降雨径流的预测模型进行了比较,结果显示基于物理成因分析的预测模型稳定性良好,模拟及试报精度较高,9、10月试报精度平均提高约30%,分别达到87.5%和75%,并对预报年份中的丰枯特征有较好的体现. 相似文献
810.