黄土高原中东部沙尘与非沙尘天气花粉组成及来源范围     

李月从  许清海  葛亚汶  李英  吕素青  曹现勇  田芳  郝利生 《地理研究》2014,33(12):2367-2381

通过黄土高原两个不同地区(浑源、洛川)沙尘与非沙尘天气花粉组合的对比来探讨主要花粉类型最大传播距离。结果表明：沙尘天气花粉汇集量明显高于非沙尘天气,特别是蒿属和藜科花粉,沙尘天气平均是非沙尘天气的3倍以上。随风速增大,花粉可能的最大源区范围明显增大。风速低于3.3 m/s时,蒿属和藜科花粉多来自100 km范围内,其他类型花粉来源范围不超过20 km;风速大于5.9 m/s时,蒿属和藜科花粉源区范围增至300 km以上;其他类型花粉不超过100 km。风速达到12.5 m/s时,蒿属及藜科最大花粉源区范围可达1000 km,其他类型花粉不超过300 km。浑源地区不论平均风速还是最大风速均明显高于洛川地区,因此,主要花粉类型可能的最大源区范围达200 km,大于洛川地区(低于100 km)。  相似文献   

内蒙古春季降水的气候特征及预测思路     

李海英 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2019,13(4):79-87

采用1961—2016年春季(3—5月)内蒙古逐月降水资料,应用统计相关分析、REOF,对比分析等方法分析研究了内蒙古地区春季降水类型的气候特征以及海洋和大气环流特征。可以发现,内蒙古春季降水具有明显的地域性特征,分为4个类型:全区偏少型,全区偏多型,中西部偏多、东部偏少型,东部偏多、中西部偏少型。研究结果说明,春季降水的大气环流形势受ENSO事件影响。AO的正、负位相对内蒙古不同地区造成不同影响,正位相时有利于中西部降水偏多,负位相时有利于东部偏多。西伯利亚高压偏强,东亚大槽偏弱、偏西,冬季青藏高原积雪偏多,西太平洋副热带高压偏强、偏西,降水落区处在低压槽后,冷空气较为活跃,配合暖湿水汽输送条件,冷暖气流在内蒙古地区交汇便形成多雨区;反之亦然。研究结果对预报员预测思路具有预测指导意义。  相似文献   

Estimation of the effective precipitation recharge coefficient in an unconfined aquifer using stochastic analysis     

H. S. Gau  C. W. Liu 《水文研究》2000,14(4):811-830

Effectively managing groundwater relies heavily on estimating the amount of precipitation that may infiltrate the subsurface and supply groundwater. In this study, we present a novel estimation method based on a stochastic approach to evaluate the quantity of precipitation that may recharge groundwater. The precipitation recharge coefficient is also investigated based on an unconfined aquifer with an unbound, infinitely extended boundary condition. Moreover, a spectrum's relationship to the precipitation and groundwater level variation is also derived. The precipitation recharge coefficient can be obtained from the solution of the spectrum equation. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is performed in order to determine the key variable on the precipitation recharge coefficient. Analysis results indicate that the location of an observation well affects the estimated precipitation recharge coefficient. If the precipitation recharge area is large enough, the precipitation recharge coefficient becomes insensitive to the location of the observation well. The spectrum's relationship between the precipitation recharge and groundwater level variation is also applied when estimating the precipitation recharge coefficient upstream of the Cho‐Shui River alluvial fan. According to those results, the precipitation recharge coefficient is 0·03 and the amount of groundwater recharge from precipitation is 35 million tons of water annually upstream of the Cho‐Shui River alluvial fan. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

山东5月降水异常环流型及其与海温异常的联系          下载免费PDF全文

伯忠凯  胡桂芳  徐玮平 《山东气象》2021,41(2):119-125

利用 1981—2019 年 NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和观测降水资料,对山东5月降水多（少）雨年环流特征进行分型,分析前期海温影响大气环流进而影响降水的过程。结果表明：典型多（少）雨年,亚洲中高纬环流呈“－、＋”（“＋、－” ）距平分布,盛行纬（经）向环流,东亚大槽偏弱（强）。前期冬春季黑潮区和热带印度洋海温是影响山东5月降水的关键外强迫因子,黑潮区海温偏暖（冷）时,其上空500 hPa高度场为明显正（负）距平,低层风场呈现异常反气旋（气旋）,山东受异常东南风（偏西风）控制,加强（削弱）了水汽输送, 利于降水偏多（少）。热带印度洋偏暖年,山东地区 500 hPa高度场上表现为西低东高,低层处于异常反气旋后部的东南气流中,这与典型多雨年的环流特征基本一致,印度洋偏冷年对应环流特征与偏暖年大致相反。  相似文献   

城市水利工程对京杭大运河无锡段水位影响分析          下载免费PDF全文

朱骊  乐峰  张建平  贾小网  秦建国 《水文》2014,34(4):92-96

根据京杭大运河无锡段历年河流水位与降水量的关联,结合城市水利工程,分析了京杭大运河无锡段水位变化规律。重点研究了2003年前后水位变化的形成机制,推求出水利工程和气候条件下水位的变化特点,总结了城市水利工程对京杭大运河流向产生的影响。为本地区研究城市水利工程影响下河流水位变化情况及防汛应用提供了数据支持。  相似文献   

Stable isotopic compositions and controlling factors of precipitation and atmospheric vapour in the headwaters of the Shule River     

Zihan Zhang  Liangju Zhao  Ninglian Wang  Hang Liu  Cong Xie  Xiying Dong  Xingru Li 《水文研究》2024,38(1):e15067

Stable isotopic compositions of precipitation (δ¹⁸O_p, δ²H_p and d-excess_p) and atmospheric vapour (δ¹⁸O_v, δ²H_v and d-excess_v) with high spatial–temporal resolution are crucial in revealing hydrologic cycle. Based on the variation characteristics of δ¹⁸O_p/δ¹⁸O_v, δ²H_p/δ²H_v and d-excess_p/d-excess_v in the headwaters of the Shule River (HSR) on hourly and daily scales from June to September 2018, this study analysed the relationships between δ¹⁸O_p/δ²H_p and δ¹⁸O_v/δ²H_v combined with the equilibrium fractionation model, as well as δ¹⁸O_p/δ¹⁸O_v and meteorological factors. The slopes of local meteoric water line (LMWL) and the δ²H_v-δ¹⁸O_v fitting equation were similar (7.96 and 7.94) with both intercepts exceeding 10, reflecting the great contribution of recycling moisture. The values of δ¹⁸O_v/δ²H_v were lower than δ¹⁸O_p/δ²H_p but with consistent variation patterns throughout the period. The equilibrium simulation results suggested that precipitation and atmospheric vapour almost approached isotopic equilibrium state, especially during monsoon intrusion period. Affected by monsoon intrusion, the slopes and intercepts of the LMWLs and the δ²H_v-δ¹⁸O_v fitting equations were smaller than those during non-monsoon period and d-excess and δ¹⁸O were negatively correlated. Relative humidity had significant negative correlations with δ¹⁸O_p and δ¹⁸O_v in the whole period, however, the positive correlations between δ¹⁸O_p/δ¹⁸O_v and temperature were observed during non-monsoon and monsoon intrusion period, respectively. Our results demonstrated that precipitation and atmospheric vapour isotopic compositions exhibited consistency under the influence of diverse moisture sources, while more complex relationships were found between δ¹⁸O_p/δ¹⁸O_v and meteorological factors. This research provided evidence for using the isotopic compositions of atmospheric vapour to indicate moisture sources, and can improve understanding of the water cycle and eco-hydrological process from the perspective of the interaction between water and gas phases of the inland river basin in northwest China.  相似文献   

Remote detection of bare soil moisture using a surface-temperature-based soil evaporation transfer coefficient     

Shaohua Zhao  Yonghui Yang  Guoyu Qiu  Qiming Qin  Yunjun Yao  Yujiu Xiong  Chunqiang Li 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2010

An approach for estimating soil moisture is presented and tested by using surface-temperature-based soil evaporation transfer coefficient (h_a), a coefficient recently proposed through the equation h_a = (T_s − T_a)/(T_sd − T_a), where T_s, T_sd, and T_a are land surface temperature (LST), reference soil (dry soil without evaporation) surface temperature, and air temperature respectively. Our analysis and controllable experiment indicated that h_a closely related to soil moisture, and therefore, a relationship between field soil moisture and h_a could be developed for soil moisture estimation. Field experiments were carried out to test the relationship between h_a and soil moisture. Time series Aqua-MODIS images were acquired between 11 Sep. 2006 and 1 Nov. 2007. Then, MODIS derived h_a and simultaneous measured soil moisture for different soil depths were used to establish the relations between the two variables. Results showed that there was a logarithmic relationship between soil moisture and h_a (P < 0.01). These logarithmic models were further validated by introducing another ground-truth data gathered from 46 meteorological stations in Hebei Province. Good agreement was observed between the measured and estimated soil moisture with RMSE of 0.0374 cm³/cm³ and 0.0503 cm³/cm³ for surface energy balance method at two soil depths (10 cm and 20 cm), with RMSE of 0.0467 cm³/cm³ and 0.0581 cm³/cm³ for maximum temperature method at two soil depths. For vegetated surfaces, the ratio of h_a and NDVI suggested to be considered. The proposed approach has a great potential for soil moisture and drought evaluation by remote sensing.  相似文献   

南京市强降水天气长期动态及变异性规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马程晨  肖建强  杨广云  冯颖  陆宝宏 《水文》2019,39(2):76-80

基于南京市1951～2016年汛期(6～9月)各月降水资料,分析研究区强降水天气的长期动态及变异性规律。长期动态结果表明,近66年来南京市强降水天气发生频率显著增加,平均每10年增加0.31次;不同规模强降水中,暴雨、大暴雨天气发生频率均呈增加趋势,其中暴雨天气呈显著增加。多年(7a、10a、15a)月际排序值滑动标准差均通过置信度99%显著性检验,强降水天气变异性呈显著下降趋势;强降水天气汛期盛行月份趋于集中(7月),月间格局趋于稳定,与多年的月际排序值滑动标准差得出强降水天气变异性呈下降趋势的结论相吻合。  相似文献   

基于标准化降水指数的内蒙古地区干旱时空变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李虹雨  马龙  刘廷玺  梁珑腾 《水文》2018,38(5):47-51

利用内蒙古及周边地区70个气象站1951~2014年降水数据,采用标准化降水指数等方法,对内蒙古近64年气候干旱时空变化进行分析。结果表明:研究区近64年来除西部年际、春、秋、冬季,中部春、秋季及东部春、冬季气候趋于湿润外,其他均趋于干旱。中、东部年际、植(作)物生长期SPI在2001年和1990年左右发生突变,东部突变后趋于干旱并在2006年左右又发生明显转折后趋于湿润。西部在1960s干旱严重,中、东部在1990s至2000s干旱严重。西部年际SPI由西北向东南、东部由南向北干旱趋势速率呈阶梯状下降,中部干旱趋势速率较西、东部快;植(作)物生长期SPI空间变化与年际一致,但西、中部干旱趋势明显的区域有所扩大。  相似文献   

OIPC和RCWIP降水氢氧稳定同位素数据在新疆天山地区的适用性     

石玉东  王圣杰  张明军  李昱锋  宋洋 《冰川冻土》2020,42(3):974-985

降水中氢氧稳定同位素的空间分布是同位素水文学和同位素生态学研究的基础资料, 近年来高空间分辨率的氢氧稳定同位素分布数据产品获得了越来越多的重视。利用新疆天山地区实测降水同位素数据, 评估两套常用的全球降水同位素分布模拟数据（OIPC和RCWIP）的适用性。结果表明： 从时间尺度来看, 两套产品在夏半年（4 - 10月）的模拟效果明显优于冬半年（11月 - 次年3月）; 在各自然区中, 准噶尔盆地荒漠自然区的模拟效果相对较好, 而吐鲁番盆地-哈密（戈壁）荒漠自然区模拟效果相对较差。通过均方根误差、 线性判定系数、 平均偏置误差、 平均绝对误差等指标的比较, 在本研究区内RCWIP数据产品对降水同位素值的模拟效果比OIPC的效果好。结合乌鲁木齐多年降水氢氧稳定同位素数据, 发现降水同位素年际变化差异并未明显影响到代表性, 在缺乏长期监测的情况下这两套数据仍有重要的使用价值。  相似文献