Linking moisture and near-surface wind with winter temperature to reveal the Holocene climate evolution in arid Xinjiang region of China     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(6):101433

An increasing number of palaeo-climatic records have been reported to identify the Holocene climate history in the arid Xinjiang region of northwest China. However, few studies have fully considered the internal linkages within the regional climate system, which may limit our understanding of the forcing mechanisms of Holocene climate change in this region. Here, we systematically consider three major issues of the moisture/precipitation, temperature and near-surface wind relevant to the Holocene climate history of Xinjiang. First, despite there still has debated for the Holocene moisture evolution in this region, more climatic reconstructions from lake sediments, loess, sand-dunes and peats support a long-term regional wetting trend. Second, temperature records from ice cores, peats and stalagmites demonstrate a long-term winter warming trend during the Holocene in middle- to high-latitudes of Asia. Third, recent studies of aeolian sedimentary sequences reveal that the near-surface winds in winter gradually weakened during the Holocene, whereas the winter mid-latitude Westerlies strengthened in the Tienshan Mountains. Based on this evidence, in the arid Xinjiang region we propose an early to middle Holocene relatively cold and dry interval, with strong near-surface winds; and a warmer, wetter interval with weaker near-surface winds in the middle to late Holocene during winter. Additionally, we develop a conceptual model to explain the pattern of Holocene climate changes in this region. From the early to the late Holocene, the increasing atmospheric CO₂ content and winter insolation, and the shrinking of high-latitude continental ice-sheets, resulted in increasing winter temperatures in middle to high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. Subsequently, the increased winter temperature strengthened the winter mid-latitude Westerlies and weakened the Siberian high-pressure system, which caused an increase in winter precipitation and a decrease in near-surface wind strength. This scenario is strongly supported by evidence from geological records, climate simulation results, and modern reanalysis data. Our hypothesis highlights the important contribution of winter temperature in driving the Holocene climatic evolution of the arid Xinjiang region, and it implies that the socio-economic development and water resources security of this region will face serious challenges presented by the increasing winter temperature in the future.  相似文献   

Evolution of the freeze-thaw cycles in the source region of the Yellow River under the influence of climate change and its hydrological effects          下载免费PDF全文

Liang Zhu  Ming-nan Yang  Jing-tao Liu  Yu-xi Zhang  Xi Chen  Bing Zhou 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(4):322-334

As an important water source and ecological barrier in the Yellow River Basin, the source region of the Yellow River (above the Huangheyan Hydrologic Station) presents a remarkable permafrost degradation trend due to climate change. Therefore, scientific understanding the effects of permafrost degradation on runoff variations is of great significance for the water resource and ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin. In this paper, we studied the mechanism and extent of the effect of degrading permafrost on surface flow in the source region of the Yellow River based on the monitoring data of temperature and moisture content of permafrost in 2013–2019 and the runoff data in 1960–2019. The following results have been found. From 2013 to 2019, the geotemperature of the monitoring sections at depths of 0–2.4 m increased by 0.16°C/a on average. With an increase in the thawing depth of the permafrost, the underground water storage space also increased, and the depth of water level above the frozen layer at the monitoring points decreased from above 1.2 m to 1.2–2 m. 64.7% of the average multiyear groundwater was recharged by runoff, in which meltwater from the permafrost accounted for 10.3%. Compared to 1960-1965, the runoff depth in the surface thawing period (from May to October) and the freezing period (from November to April) decreased by 1.5 mm and 1.2 mm, respectively during 1992–1997, accounting for 4.2% and 3.4% of the average annual runoff depth, respectively. Most specifically, the decrease in the runoff depth was primarily reflected in the decreased runoff from August to December. The permafrost degradation affects the runoff within a year by changing the runoff generation, concentration characteristics and the melt water quantity from permafrost, decreasing the runoff at the later stage of the permafrost thawing. However, the permafrost degradation has limited impacts on annual runoff and does not dominate the runoff changes in the source region of the Yellow River in the longterm.  相似文献   

Lake level changes of Nam Co since 25 ka as revealed by OSL dating of paleo-shorelines     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Many lakes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) experienced dramatic lake level changes in the late Quaternary, as suggested by well-preserved paleo-shorelines up to ∼200 m above present lake levels. These relic shorelines provide direct geomorphic record to reconstruct past lake level fluctuation history and water volume changes, linked closely to variations in paleo-climatic controls including Asian monsoon, westerlies and glacial meltwater. In this study, 27 near-shore sediment samples from three of eight paleo-shorelines at north of Nam Co were dated by Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) technique, using coarse grains of quartz and potassium feldspar.Our results indicate that: 1) S1 is the highest/most developed shoreline (+26 m). Sediment from upper part of S1 has a consistent age of ∼25 ka (nine samples from 3 gullies), suggesting a high lake level of Nam Co occurred around 25 ka. An overflow point west of Nam Co has a close elevation to that of S1 and thus limits the presence of higher lake levels; 2) sediment profile from the slightly lower S2 (+22 m) contains two parts, silty sand (6.9–8.9 ka) at the bottom and shoreline deposits atop (∼2.3 ka), suggesting Nam Co maintained a relative high lake level in the early Holocene and such lake level occurred again at about 3.0–2.0 ka; 3) In contrast to the swift variations of monsoon precipitation and glacial meltwater in the late Quaternary, water level of Nam Co remained relatively stable during the period from ∼25 ka to about early Holocene (from +26 m to +22 m), implying a continuous outflowing stage and lake infill constantly exceeds evaporation; 4) S5 (+11 m) has an age of 0.7–1.4 ka. Nam Co showed a much accelerated pace of shrinkage since about 2.0 ka in the late Holocene in roughly two steps: it dropped from +22 m to +11 m from ∼2.0 ka to 1.4 ka, and subsequently dropped another 11 m after 0.7 ka.  相似文献   

Luminescence dating reveals a rapid response to climate change of fluvial terrace formation along the Ani River,northeastern Japan,during the last glacial period     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Fluvial terraces along the middle reaches of many Japanese rivers were formed during the last glacial period as a result of changes in sediment discharge related to cooler temperatures and/or reduced water discharge because of lower precipitation. The influence of climate change on these fluvial terraces is not yet fully understood because most previous studies lacked detailed reconstructions of the chronology of terrace development. This study provides a detailed luminescence chronology of fluvial terrace deposits along the Ani River, northeastern Honshu, Japan, and compares that chronology to paleoclimatic records. Eight samples for luminescence dating were obtained from an outcrop of terrace deposits (∼10 m thick) in the Ani River valley. The fading-corrected infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) ages are consistent with the fading-corrected post-IR IRSL ages for some samples, which suggests that fading corrections were effective despite the higher fading rates of the IRSL signal. However, for the other samples, the post-IR IRSL ages are significantly older than the fading-corrected IRSL ages due to incomplete bleaching. The pulsed IRSL signals are close to field saturation for older samples, which might have resulted in a greater variation of the ages. Fading-corrected IRSL ages demonstrate periods of rapid aggradation during 105–90 ka and 75–60 ka. Comparison of terrace development with paleoclimatic records indicates that the two periods of fluvial deposition correspond to decreases in precipitation caused by weakened East Asian summer monsoon precipitation and possibly decreases in temperature. The results of this study show that the Ani River responded rapidly to climate change on a time scale of a few tens of thousands of years during the last glacial period.  相似文献   

地下浅部异质体对表面波场谱扰动分析     

柴华友  柯文汇  柴扬斐  朱红西  王贤达  刘欢 《岩土力学》2022,43(6):1683-1693

均匀半无限体中表面源激发近表面波场由瑞利波主导,当浅部存在异质体,前行瑞利波发生散射,异质体周围表面波场响应谱发生变化。当异质体长度相对波长较大时,由异质体上方表面质点响应谱提取绕射波频散曲线可分析异质体与周围介质刚度差异对绕射波传播特性的影响。与含软层或硬层半无限体中瑞利波特性比较,可以发现绕射波具有与瑞利波类似的传播特性。异质体上方谱变化特征与异质体和周围介质间刚度差异有关,本研究基于异质体绕射波与入射瑞利波位移结构差异解释谱变化现象。结果表明：异质体上方谱与周围谱明显不同,在偏移距−波长域,相对于前方波场,软质体上方谱密度整体呈减弱趋势,硬质体上方谱密度整体呈增强趋势。根据谱密度变化对应偏移距、波长及谱密度强弱,可以预估异质体在传播方向的位置、埋深,并识别异质体类型。  相似文献   

考虑应力变化速率的岩石脆性评价指标     

匡智浩  李邵军  杜灿勋  邱士利  吝曼卿  杜三林 《岩土力学》2022,43(Z1):293-300

脆性作为岩石的重要的力学指标,对深部岩体性态评价以及灾害预防具有重要意义。岩石应力−应变曲线能够很好地表征岩石的脆性。考虑到现有基于应力−应变曲线的脆性指标大多都只对曲线的一部分进行分析,且少有指标能够准确地应用于岩石II类曲线中,对整体判断的缺乏可能会导致工程应用上适应性及可靠性不足的情况。针对现有脆性指标普遍存在的物理意义模糊、评估结果与岩石脆性的关系非连续等问题,综合考量岩石应力−应变曲线中峰前应力上升速率、峰后应力跌落速率以及峰值点应变值对岩石脆性的影响,提出了一种物理意义明确、计算结果与岩石脆性之间的关系是单调且连续的岩石脆性指数计算方法。选取国内外常用脆性指标对锦屏II级水电站大理岩和某铁路隧道花岗岩、变质砂岩以及片麻岩的单轴压缩试验数据进行脆性评价后进行比较,验证了指标的适用性。进一步将提出的指标应用于常规三轴试验条件下大理岩脆性分析,结果表明,该指标不仅能够量化和分类不同岩石的脆性特征,还能表征围压对岩石脆性的抑制作用。  相似文献   

冻融温变速率对岩石受载特性的影响规律     

刘成禹  郑道哲  张向向  陈成海  曹洋兵 《岩土力学》2022,43(8):2071-2082

以贺兰山岩画、云冈石窟等中常见的硅质胶结砂岩为研究对象,对不同温变速率冻融后岩样进行称重、超声波测试和单轴压缩试验,探究了冻融后岩石物理力学性质随冻融温变速率的变化规律;根据冻融后岩石受载过程中的声发射和微震特征,揭示了温变速率对冻融后岩石内部不同尺度裂纹扩展的影响规律及其内在机制。研究表明：（1）随着温变速率增加,岩样冻融后的微裂纹增多,颗粒间联结强度减弱,峰值强度、弹性模量降低,破坏应变及损伤参量D_e、D_v增大;（2）冻融岩石受载过程中,微裂纹具有“初始压密―扩展孕育―急速扩展”的演化特征,宏观裂纹演化过程可分为“匀速扩展－急速扩展”两个阶段,其中宏观裂纹的急速扩展阶段还呈现出“孕育－扩展－再孕育－再扩展”的波浪式发展特点;温变速率越大,冻融后岩石受载过程中的微裂纹、宏观裂纹扩展越快,且更易于进入急速扩展阶段;当温变速率增大到一定数值后,微裂纹、宏观裂纹从加载开始即以较高速率扩展,直至岩样破坏;（3）微裂纹孕育阶段和加载全过程的声发射振铃相对增长速率,以及宏观裂纹匀速扩展阶段的相对时长、微震振铃相对增长速率均与损伤参量D_e、D_v具有较好的拟合关系,能够反映冻融循环对岩石的初始损伤作用;（4）冻胀力随温变速率增加而增大,导致不同温变速率冻融后岩样的初始损伤不同,这是引起冻融后岩石受载过程中裂纹扩展、声震特性出现显著差异的内在原因。  相似文献   

海南岛北部全新世最大海侵古岸线的发现及其意义     

张磊  王超群  麦发海  贾丽云  孙东霞  张耀玲  杨肖肖  韩建恩  韩帅  吕同艳  杜建军  赵希涛  胡道功 《地质论评》2022,68(6):2269-2276

全新世大暖期的最大海侵对沿海地区具有深刻影响,但是海南岛北部全新世的最大海侵范围研究较少。本研究利用高精度DEM数据解译以及野外钻探验证,发现海南岛北部全新世精确的最大海侵古岸线空间展布位置,其总面积约260 km2,其中约115 km2属于现今的江东新区规划建设范围内,占整个江东新区规划面积的38%。海南岛北部全新世最大海侵古海岸线的发现,不仅对理解南海全新世高海平面特征及规律提供琼北地区新证据,并且对海南自贸区（江东新区）应对未来海平面升高问题提供背景参照。  相似文献   

The rapidly shrinking cryopshere in the past decade：an interpretation of cryospheric changes from IPCC WGI Sixth Assessment Report北大核心CSCD     

钟歆玥  康世昌  郭万钦  吴晓东  陈金雷 《冰川冻土》2022,44(3):946-953

The Working Group I report of the Sixth Assessment Report（AR6）of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change（IPCC）was released in August 2021. Base on updated and expanding data, AR6 presented the improved assessment of past changes and processes of cryosphere. AR6 also predicted the future changes us⁃ ing the models in CMIP6. The components of cryosphere were rapid shrinking under climate warming in the last decade. There were decreasing trends in Arctic sea-ice area and thickness. Sea-ice loss was significant. The Greenland Ice Sheet, the Antarctic Ice Sheet and all glaciers lost more mass than in any other decade. Global warming over the last decades had led to widespread permafrost warming, active layer thickness increasing and subsea permafrost extent reducing. Snow cover extent in the Northern Hemisphere also decreased significantly. However, the variations of snow depth and snow water equivalent showed great spatial heterogeneity. The rapid shrinking of the cryosphere accelerated the global mean sea level rise. The impact of human activities on cryo⁃ sphere will become more significant in the future. The Arctic sea-ice area will decrease, and the Arctic Ocean will likely become practically sea ice-free. The Greenland Ice Sheet, the Antarctic Ice Sheet and glaciers will continue to lose mass throughout this century. Permafrost and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent will con⁃ tinue to decrease as global climate continues to warm. In addition, there are still uncertainties in the prediction of cryosphere due to the absence of observations, the poor sensitivity of models to the components and processes of cryosphere, and the inexplicit represent of the mechanism of light-absorbing impurities. More attentions should be paid on these issues in the future. © 2022 Science Press (China). All rights reserved.  相似文献   

寒冻风化控制的祁连山风化碎屑的空间分布     

洪洋  耿豪鹏  潘保田 《冰川冻土》2022,44(4):1347-1356

寒冻风化是冰缘地貌区及高寒山区的主要物理风化过程,其提供的风化碎屑物质是该区域崩塌等灾害性地貌过程的主要物质来源。由于寒冻风化对基岩的破碎是由温度控制的累积过程,过去温度变化对地貌演化具有重要意义,但其时间尺度的选取尚需进一步探究。因此本文选取祁连山北部为研究区,通过对比分析风化碎屑的空间分布特征与不同时间尺度温度变化控制的平均寒冻风化强度的空间分布特征,探讨干旱半干旱高寒山区风化碎屑空间分布的主要控制因素。结果显示,万年尺度及十万年尺度平均寒冻风化强度的高值与风化碎屑边界存在较好的空间一致性,祁连山西段万年尺度平均寒冻风化强度的高值与风化碎屑边界的空间相关性优于十万年尺度。本研究同时指出,温度升高导致寒冻风化的作用区向高海拔区域移动,进而产生新的高风险灾害区域。本研究强调寒冻风化对灾害性地貌过程的调控作用,为全球变暖背景下灾害性地貌过程的预测提供了新的思路,可以成为防灾减灾决策的重要参考。  相似文献