Investigation of terrain illumination effects on vegetation indices and VI-derived phenological metrics in subtropical deciduous forests     

Lênio Soares Galvão  Fábio Marcelo Breunig  Thiago Sousa Teles  William Gaida  Rafaelo Balbinot 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2016,53(3):360-381

We used RapidEye and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Terra data to study terrain illumination effects on 3 vegetation indices (VIs) and 11 phenological metrics over seasonal deciduous forests in southern Brazil. We applied TIMESAT for the analysis of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from the MOD13Q1 product to calculate phenological metrics. We related the VIs with the cosine of the incidence angle i (Cos i) and inspected percentage changes in VIs before and after topographic C-correction. The results showed that the EVI was more sensitive to seasonal changes in canopy biophysical attributes than the NDVI and Red-Edge NDVI, as indicated by analysis of non-topographically corrected RapidEye images from the summer and winter. On the other hand, the EVI was more sensitive to terrain illumination, presenting higher correlation coefficients with Cos i that decreased with reduction in the canopy background L factor. After C-correction, the RapidEye Red-Edge NDVI, NDVI, and EVI decreased 2%, 1%, and 13% over sunlit surfaces and increased up to 5%, 14%, and 89% over shaded surfaces, respectively. The EVI-related phenological metrics were also much more affected by topographic effects than the NDVI-derived metrics. From the set of 11 metrics, the 2 that described the period of lower photosynthetic activity and seasonal VI amplitude presented the largest correlation coefficients with Cos i. The results showed that terrain illumination is a factor of spectral variability in the seasonal analysis of phenological metrics, especially for VIs that are not spectrally normalized.  相似文献   

Pedogenically degenerated illite and chlorite lattices aid to palaeoclimatic reconstruction for chronologically constrained(8-130 ka) loess-palaeosols of Dilpur Formation,Kashmir,India     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(4):1353-1367

Chronologically well-constrained loess-palaeosols(recorded glacial and inter-glacial climate) revealed pedogenesis induced ionic substitutions,caused end-member compositional deviations in illite and chlorite,linked to widespread climatic changes occurred during Late Pleistocene.Further,micro-level climatic resolution is yet to be resolved.Thus,layer-wise X-ray diffraction analyses of clay separates,followed by Rietveld refinement revealed varied cell parameters and interatomic distances.Obtained values for detrital and pedogenic illite and chlorite when plotted against stratigraphic succession show notable changes in the crystallographic axes.The illite lattices associated with inadequately pedogenized palaeosols have been altered into illite/smectite mixed layers,but,the chlorite lattices represent expansion of a-,b-and contraction of c-axes with much greater amount of distortions,suggestive of warm-humid and acidic environment.The detrital 48,44 and 83,74 bonded illite and chlorite with2 sub-types each,when pedogenized retained 48,44 and 34;and 83 and 74 bonds(in their neo-formed 3 and 2 sub-types),respectively.The Al-O bond shows expansion,but,unchanged Si-O and decreased Si-K and K-O bonds show loss of Al and retention of Si and K ions in the illite lattices.The illite with 32 atoms and 48 bonds represent contraction of K-O,Si-K,Al-O and Si-O bonds caused bond reinforcement;however,loss of Al~(3+)reflects all-out illite alteration.Owing to Al-O and K-O bond expansion,major K~+ and Al~(3+) ionic loss occurred during the LGM,however,further ionic loss depends upon the magnitude of the loess-palaeosol weathering that they have suffered.The clilate sensitive Fe,Mg and Al ionic losses for Fe-O,Mg-O and Al_(11)-O_9 bond length expansions were recognized in the chlorite lattices.Such ionic losses are common,but,complete distortion is attributed to Al,Si,Fe and Mg ionic losses,followed by weakening of Al-O,Si-O,Fe-O and Mg-O bonds.Though,Si-O_4 and Fe_1-O_4 bonds,and Si and Fe_(1 st) ions remain intact.Thus,three major glacial episodes of ～5 ka each occurred under alkaline environment,but,intervened by two successive cycles of 55 ka each,encompassing three alternate warm and cold climatic sub-cycles of 12-15 ka.But,the coldness increases with each warm-cold sub-cycle that attained the glacial maxima.Further,these events correlate well with the deep-sea records of the North Atlantic(MIS-1 to MIS-5 e) and CLP loess-palaeosols(～127 ka).  相似文献   

南盘江盆地油气成藏过程及天然气勘探前景分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵孟军  张水昌赵陵 刘培初 《地质论评》2006,52(5):642-649

本文采用多种研究手段探讨了南盘江盆地的多期成藏、破坏过程。根据有机质成油、成气和油成气的化学动力学模型,计算了南盘江盆地主要烃源岩的油气演化过程;并通过对沥青充填期次、包裹体研究和胶结物期次与沥青的关系,研究了古油藏经历的多期次充注、破坏过程,据此初步建立了南盘江盆地古油藏演化模式。从南盘江盆地古油藏演化过程来看,南盘江盆地油气勘探应以原油裂解的天然气为主,但是由于该地区具有聚气早、破坏时间长的特征,尤其是三叠系沉积之后的巨厚剥蚀使原油裂解气保存的可能性变小,因此在该地区形成大中型天然气藏的难度很大,天然气勘探前景需要进一步研究。  相似文献   

1840年以来长江大洪水演变与气候变化关系初探   总被引：25，自引：3，他引：22  

施雅风  姜彤  苏布达  陈家其  秦年秀 《湖泊科学》2004,16(4):289-297

长江洪水灾害是我国频率高、为患严重的自然灾害之一.本文依据可靠资料,选择1840年至2000年间32次大洪水记录,探讨其演变与气候变化的关系.认知1910s前的19世纪冷期出现大洪水13次(包括1870年的极值大洪水事件)频率为1.9次／10a.1921-2000年间出现了大洪水19次,频率为2.4次／10a.20世纪暖期又分出两个变暖时段,前一变暖时段的峰值期1920s-1940s出现大洪水9次,包含1931年全流域大洪水.后一变暖时段,即1980s与1990s出现大洪水8次.实测记录到的最大洪水1954年位于前一变暖时段结束阶段.1990s是全球,也是我国近百年中最暖年代,受东南季风影响大的中下游地区夏季降水量是近百年最多的,大暴雨频率也是有较多记录的40年来最高的.以此出现了10年5次大洪水高频率现象,包含1998年全流域型大洪水,表明了全球变暖的显著影响.也指示30-40年问周期性振荡中多雨年代.如此可预期21世纪初期降水会有小幅度下降与大洪水频率在短期内降低的可能性.长江上游受西南季风影响较大,19世纪下半期与20世纪上半期为多降水期,大洪水频率较高.20世纪下半期为少降水期,大洪水频率较低.关于气候变化研究有待深入,前景不易预估.  相似文献   

Uncertainty assessment in the prediction of extreme rainfall events: an example from the central Spanish Pyrenees     

J. M. García‐Ruiz  J. Arnez  S. M. White  A. Lorente  S. Beguería 《水文研究》2000,14(5):887-898

Extreme rainfall events occur frequently in the central Pyrenees, but they are responsible for mass movements and short, very intense erosion periods, accompanied at times by loss of human life and high costs of infrastructure. This paper tries to assess the existence of patterns in the spatial distribution of maximum precipitation. The calculation of return periods of the most intense rainfall demonstrates that in the Pyrenees it exhibits an erratic spatial and temporal distribution and can be extremely localized. In the case of precipitation between 150 and 200 mm in 24 h, some influence from the surrounding relief has been found, but this is not the case for precipitation exceeding 200 mm, characterized by the absence of patterns governing their spatial distribution. Geomorphological approaches are, therefore, the only way for assessing the areas more subject to hydromorphological risks. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于小波变换的三江平原低湿地井灌区年降水序列变化趋势分析   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

刘东  付强 《地理科学》2008,28(3):380-384

近年来,由于水田面积迅速增加,导致三江平原低湿地井灌水稻区地下水位普遍下降,"吊泵"、局部超采现象时有发生,因此,三江平原的地下水资源平衡急需恢复。为解决上述问题,以853农场为例,应用小波理论对853农场实测年降水时间序列的多时间尺度变化特征及突变特征进行分析,揭示该区年降水变化的主要周期及旱涝变化趋势,为853农场乃至整个三江平原充分利用天然降水、地下水资源恢复及可持续利用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

上海浦东YA孔微量元素变化与历史时期水体盐度波动   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

夏胜俊  谢志仁  王文 《水科学进展》1999,10(4):411-417

浦东YA孔浅地层剖面中微量元素变化的分析结果表明,B含量和B/Ga,Sr/Ba,Cl/Br比值是反映古水体盐度的灵敏指示剂,据此建立的YA孔古盐度指数变化曲线显示,该地区近数千年来曾发生过多次百年尺度的盐度波动事件,并可能与同期海面波动引起的海水进退直接相关.这一情况说明,滨海地区沉积地层中的微量元素是海面变化研究的良好的代用指标.  相似文献   

近525年甘肃旱涝的气候背景及旱涝趋势研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

韩永翔  姚辉 《干旱气象》2000,18(3):17-20

通过对甘肃最近５２５年旱涝的气候背景及埋涝累积等级的分析,研究了最近５２５年大的气候背景,突变时间及４个代表的旱涝趋势和长周期变化。  相似文献   

华南地区地震活动特征与台湾强震影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

顾瑾萍  吕培苓  彭美凤  康春丽  张凌空 《地震》2004,24(1):55-59

以M_S5.5以上地震是否发生为标记, 划分华南地区的活跃和平静时段, 结果显示与华南地区2级以上地震频次的应力调制时间过程变化趋势有很好的一致性。 另外, 在活跃和平静时段华南地区的震级频次特点显著不同。 华南地区在中强震发生前有4级左右地震频繁活动和小震群频发的特点。 华南地区的中强震与云南地区7级地震的发生相关。 统计20世纪以来台湾强震与华南中强震的对应关系, 台湾西带6级强震后1年内华南中强震的对应率近0.5, 地区影响似有由东至西逐渐减弱的趋势。 台湾7级地震后2年内华南中强震的对应率只有0.3, 对应地区除台湾海峡、 福建和广东东部地震外, 也有几次对应广西和北部湾地区的地震, 与6级相比, 台湾7级强震影响范围大。  相似文献   

近51年西安地温变化特征     

曲静  王昱  张弘 《气象科技》2014,42(4):657-662

利用1961—2011年西安0~40cm浅层逐月平均地温、地面最高、最低温度和1981—2011年深层80cm、160cm和320cm逐月平均地温观测资料,采用气候倾向率、滑动t检验、功率谱等气候统计方法,研究了西安平均地温的变化趋势、变化周期、气候突变和异常年份等。结果表明:在全球气候变暖背景下,西安各层年、季平均地温除夏季各浅层呈降温趋势外其余均为升温趋势,升幅为0.11~0.56℃/10a,0~20cm各层及160cm平均地温升温率为春季最大,40cm、320cm为冬季最大,80cm为秋季最大,各层均为夏季最小。地面最高年平均温度呈略下降趋势,最低呈明显升高趋势。浅层0~40cm年平均地温存在显著的2.3年、3.6~4.6年的变化周期以及32年的长周期震荡。年平均地温在1993年或1994年发生了突变;浅层春季平均地温在20世纪90年代中后期发生了突变,夏季在20世纪70年代末或20世纪90年代中期发生了两次突变,秋冬季基本未出现突变;深层各季在20世纪90年代中期发生了突变。年平均地温除160cm未出现异常年份外,80cm在1993年出现异常偏低年,其余各层在21世纪00年代初中期出现异常偏高年;春季多偏高年份,夏季多偏低年份,冬季异常年份最多。地温和气温变化的相关性达到0.82以上,说明气温的变化是影响地温变化的主要因素。  相似文献